3 research outputs found

    Searching and isolation of secondary metabolites in plants and their characterization as anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent. Potential use of these in patients with cystic fibrosis

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    La Fibrosis Quística (FQ) es una enfermedad autosómica recesiva producida por mutaciones en el gen que codifica un canal para iones cloruro, el CFTR. La principal complicación a la que se enfrentan las personas que padecen FQ es el daño pulmonar crónico y progresivo causado principalmente por el patógeno oportunista Pseudomonas aeruginosa. En esta tesis, se estudiaron compuestos provenientes de fuentes naturales con el objetivo de establecer si alguno de ellos poseía actividad antimicrobiana sobre P. aeruginosa PAO1 y/o anti-inflamatoria en modelos in vitro e in vivo. En una etapa preliminar, se empleó un extracto acuoso (RACU) y otro etanólico (RETOH) obtenidos a partir de hojas frescas de romero, y posteriormente se evaluaron sus compuestos mayoritarios: el ácido rosmarínico (RA), el ácido carnósico (CA) y el carnosol (CS). De todos, el CA, disminuyó el crecimiento de P. aeruginosa de manera dosis dependiente, potenció la actividad del antibiótico tobramicina, redujo la adhesión bacteriana a placas de poliestireno, e interfirió con la motilidad a concentraciones subinhibitorias. Mediante el uso de la cepa sensora de acil homoserina lactonas (AHLs), C. violaceum CV026,se observó que el CA afectó la producción de las AHLs C4-AHL, C6-AHL, C8-AHL y C12-AHL, responsables de la activación de genes reguladores del sistema quorum sensing (QS). En los ensayos de inflamación, tanto CA como el CS presentaron una importante actividad anti-inflamatoria tópica en modelos de ratón, corroborándose este efecto por estudios histopatológicos, y demostrándose por primera vez que el CA y el CS decrecen significantemente la expresión de IL-1β y TNF-α, e inhiben completamente la expresión de COX-2. Otro compuesto estudiado fue el xilitol debido a que es empleado en la prevención de patologías relacionadas con la colonización bacteriana en las fauces y vías aéreas superiores, se hipotetizó sobre la posibilidad de que se pueda emplear para inhibir el crecimiento de P. aeruginosa. Los resultados revelaron efectos pleiotrópicos del xilitol sobre los genes controlados por QS tanto en la producción de elastasa, piocianina, los movimientos de swarming, twitching y la formación de biofilm, sugiriendo que la producción de AHLs se encontraba afectada. El empleo de los plásmidos pME3853 (lasl::LacZ) y pME3846 (rhll::LacZ) en PAO1, permitieron demostrar la disminución de la producción de AHLs en presencia del xilitol. Por otra parte el cultivo de PAO1 crecido durante toda la noche en presencia de xilitol, se adhirió menos a las células epiteliales bronquiales Calu-3 crecidas en monocapa, disminuyendo el daño oxidativo producido por el proceso inflamatorio y la liberación de IL-8 por parte del epitelio bronquial comparado con el control (crecido sin xilitol). En conclusión, esta tesis presenta evidencias sobre el potencial uso de compuestos bioactivos provenientes de plantas en la inhibición del crecimiento de microorganismos de difícil erradicación y los posibles mecanismos involucrados.Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CFTR chloride channel. The main complication for people with CF is chronic and progressive lung damage caused mainly by the opportunistic pathogen, P. aeruginosa. In this thesis, natural compounds were studied in order to determine if these, had antimicrobial activity on P. aeruginosa PAO1 and/or anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo models. In the first stage, an aqueous (RACU) and ethanolic (RETOH) extracts, from fresh leaves of rosemary, and its main constituents such as rosmarinic acid (RA), carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CS) were studied. From these compounds, CA, not only reduced the growth of P. aeruginosa in a dose-dependent manner, but also enhanced the activity of tobramycin antibiotic. Also decreased adhesion on polystyrene plates, and interfered with bacterial motility at subinhibitory concentrations. However, the production of AHLs (C4-AHLs, C6-AHL, C8-C12-AHLs) molecules responsible for the activation of genes regulating system quorum sensing (QS), were increased by CA, when C. violaceum CV026 was employed. In inflammatory test, both CA and CS had higher topical anti-inflammatory activity in mouse models, being corroborated by histopathological studies and demonstrating for the first time that CA and CS decreased significantly, the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α, and a complete inhibition of COX-2 expression. Subsequently, xylitol other natural component employed in the prevention of pathologies related to bacterial colonization of fauces and upper airways was studied. This compound showed pleiotropics effects on genes controlled by QS, such as elastase, pyocyanin, swarming, twitching and biofilm, suggesting that the production of AHLs were affected. To confirm this point, pME3853 (lasl::LacZ) and pME3846 (rhll::lacZ) plasmids were employed in PAO1, confirming that AHLs expression were decreased. In vitro, the growing of PAO1 with xylitol, reduced the adhesion of the bacteria on bronchial epithelial Calu-3 cells, also reduced the oxidative damage and decreased significantly the IL-8 release by bronchial epithelium. In conclusion, the plant kingdom offers a large number of components and bioactive compounds with its potential use against microorganisms where their eradication is difficult to control.Fil:Mengoni, Eleonora Soledad. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

    Suppression of COX-2, IL-1β and TNF-α expression and leukocyte infiltration in inflamed skin by bioactive compounds from Rosmarinus officinalis L.

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    In the present study, we evaluated the effects of extracts and purified compounds from fresh leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Pretreatment with the major anti-inflammatory compounds, carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CS), inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced ear inflammation in mice with an EC(50) of 10.20 μg/cm(2) and 10.70 μg/cm(2), respectively. To further understand the anti-inflammatory mechanism of these compounds, we analyzed the in vivo expression of several inflammation-associated genes in mouse skin by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Our data showed that CA and CS reduced the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α but had less effect on fibronectin and ICAM-1 expression. Interestingly, both compounds selectively inhibited COX-2 but not COX-1. Histopathological analysis of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tissue revealed a marked reduction in leukocyte infiltration and epidermal ulceration of PMA-treated ears when ears were pretreated with ethanolic extracts or pure CA. In vitro, we showed that ethanolic extract, carnosic acid and carnosol significantly inhibited the overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) in a dose-dependent manner in the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. For the first time in vivo, we showed that CA and CS differentially regulate the expression of inflammation-associated genes, thus demonstrating the pharmacological basis for the anti-inflammatory properties reported for CA and CS.Fil: Mengoni, Eleonora Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Ciencias y Tecnología "Dr. Cesar Milstein"; Argentina. Fundacion Pablo Cassara; ArgentinaFil: Vichera, Gabriel Damian. Fundacion Pablo Cassara; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Ciencias y Tecnología "Dr. Cesar Milstein"; ArgentinaFil: Rigano, Luciano Ariel. Fundacion Pablo Cassara; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Ciencias y Tecnología "Dr. Cesar Milstein"; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Puebla, Marcelo L.. North Carolina State University. Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Galliano, Silvia R.. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas; Argentina. Universidad Maimonides; ArgentinaFil: Cafferata, Eduardo E.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Fundación Instituto Leloir; ArgentinaFil: Pivetta, Omar Hilario. Universidad Austral; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Fundación Instituto Leloir; ArgentinaFil: Vojnov, Adrian Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Ciencias y Tecnología "Dr. Cesar Milstein"; Argentina. Fundacion Pablo Cassara; Argentin

    La solitudine e il mal del siglo nella poesia romantica spagnola

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    Lo scopo di tale elaborato è analizzare come il sentimento di solitudine e le varie sfumature del "mal del siglo" si riflettono nella poetica di diversi poeti e poetesse appartenenti al Romanticismo spagnolo. La prima parte è volta a spiegare le origini del movimento in Spagna nonché la concezione di tale corrente con una particolare attenzione riguardo la polemica calderoniana e la vita e l'attività letteraria degli scrittori emigrati all'estero. Uno spazio non irrilevante sarà anche dedicato allo studio delle riviste letterarie che nacquero in quegli anni e alla scrittura femminile, troppo spesso dimenticata e relegata a una posizione inferiore. Nella parte conclusiva dell'elaborato si presenterà, seguendo un ordine cronologico in base alla data di nascita di ogni autore, l'analisi di un corpus di testi da me scelto: "La soledad" di Francisco Martínez de la Rosa, "Soledad del alma" e "El reo de muerte" di Espronceda, "Soledad del alma" e "Después de la muerte de mi marido" di Getrudis Gómez de Avellaneda,"A la soledad" e "No hay nada más triste que el último adiós" di Carolina Coronado, quattro "soleares andalusas" di Augusto Ferrán, le rime LII,LXV, LXXIII e LXXVI di Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer ed infine "Fragmentos" e "Un manso río, una vereda estrecha" di Rosalía de Castro. The purpose of this work is to analyse how the feelings of solitude and loneliness and the various nuances of "mal del siglo" reflect in the poetics of several poets belonging to the Spanish Romanticism. The first part aims to explain the origins of the movement in Spain as well as the conception of this current with particular attention to the calderonian controversy and the life and the literary activity of the writers who emigrated abroad. Moreover, a not insignificant space will be dedicated to the study of literary magazines that were born in those years and to female writing, too often forgotten and relegated to a lower position. In the final part of the paper I am going to present the analysis of a corpus of texts, following a chronological order based on the date of birth of each author: "La soledad" by Francisco Martínez de la Rosa, "Soledad del alma" and "El reo de muerte" by Espronceda, "Soledad del alma" and "Después de la muerte de mi marido" by Getrudis Gómez de Avellaneda,"A la soledad" and "No hay nada más triste que el último adiós" by Carolina Coronado, four "soleares andalusas" by Augusto Ferrán, Rhymes LII,LXV, LXXIII and LXXVI by Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer and finally "Fragmentos" and "Un manso río, una vereda estrecha" by Rosalía de Castro
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