1,720,955 research outputs found
Charity and capitalism
Full text linkThis chapter considers the nature of charity in capitalist society and presents an in-depth conceptualization of the form and structure of charitable food providers and the spaces they use to address food insecurity through a Marxist political economy approach. The responses to food insecurity in Canada and the UK are reflective of capitalist charity, a paradoxical social relation which is riven with antagonisms and although responding to need, fails to address the structural foundations of food insecurity. Charitable food providers address the symptoms of food insecurity and not the root cause, they are performative in many ways – addressing immediate need, responding in generous and altruistic ways, however in doing so they are performing the role of the state, which has outsourced its responsibilities and contributed to the creation and perpetuation of capitalist charity. The conceptual framework is unpacked in relation to the growth of emergency food aid providers in Canada and the UK, examining the role of the state, the welfare state, corporations, corporate social responsibility, and civil society. Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic are also outlined, as an element of the food insecurity narrative
Competing Approaches to Household Food Insecurity in Canada
No full textMajor Research Paper (Master's), Health, Faculty of Health, School of Health Policy and Management, York UniversityHousehold food insecurity (HFI) impacts over 1.1 million households, adversely impact the health and well-being of individuals and families. Despite the recognition of the right to food by several international covenants, indicating that Canadian governments are obliged to reduce HFI, little has been done by the Canadian government to defend this right. The Canadian Government’s failure to address HFI has resulted in the creation of a number of non-governmental means of managing the problem, which have not been successful in redressing HFI. Furthermore, non-governmental responses may have served to depoliticize the issue of HFI, allowing governments to obfuscate their responsibility in addressing HFI. Four competing approaches of HFI in Canada, nutrition and dietetics, community traditionalism, social determinants of health and political economy complicate solutions by differently conceptualizing and framing the causes and appropriate responses to HFI. I argue that the political economy framework–which views the rise in HFI as precipitating from the skewed distribution of economic and social resources as a result of imbalances in power and influence–best explains the causes of food insecurity and presents the most effective means of responding to its presence in Canada by acknowledging the larger political and economic structures that shape and precipitate HFI
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Islands of isolation in a modern metropolis: Social structures and the geography of social exclusion in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Full text linkIn response to a request from a local community health centre, an inquiry was undertaken into the service needs and day-to-day lives of residents in five social housing complexes in the inner suburbs of Etobicoke, Toronto. Unlike other low-income communities embedded within larger wealthier communities, these complexes have little in the way of health care, social service, or recreational facilities. Focus groups revealed that anticipated issues of difficulty in accessing primary health care services, limited access to support services, and lack of recreational opportunities for youth were intensified by gentrification of neighbourhoods, ongoing experiences of racism and discrimination, a dearth of occupational opportunities for youth and political invisibility of these residents. These experiences of social exclusion are especially troubling when contrasted with the opportunities for health and well-being offered to many others in one of Canada’s wealthiest urban communities.En réponse à une demande d’un centre de santé communautaire local, une enquête a été entreprise sur les besoins en services et la vie quotidienne de résidents de cinq complexes de logements sociaux dans la banlieue intérieure d’Etobicoke, à Toronto. Contrairement à d’autres communautés à faible revenu intégrées dans des communautés plus grandes et plus riches, ces complexes ont peu de soins de santé, services sociaux ou d’installations récréatives. Les groupes de discussion ont révélés que les problèmes anticipés de difficultés d’accès aux services de soin de santé primaires, d’accès limité aux services de soutien et de manque d’opportunités récréatives pour les jeunes étaient intensifiés par l’embourgeoisement des quartiers, les expériences continues de racisme et de discriminations, le maque d’opportunités professionnelles pour les jeunes et l’invisibilité politique de ces résidents. Ces expériences d’exclusion sociale sont particulièrement troublantes lorsqu’elles sont mises en contraste avec les opportunités de santés et de bien-être offertes à beaucoup d’autres dans l’une des communautés urbaines les plus riches au Canada
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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