1,721,004 research outputs found
Four years of surveillance data on healthcare-associated infections in high-risk newborns
No full textMEMISOGLU, ASLI/0000-0003-2579-9480Objective: Healthcare -associated infections (HAIs) are a major issue in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The characteristics of HAIs and the distribution of pathogens might also vary. HAI surveillance is important for infection control to determine HAI rates and pathogen characteristics. The purpose of this study was to assess the rates of HAIs, distribution of HAI types, characteristics of the pathogens, and antibiotic susceptibility in the first four years of a newly opened NICU. Method: In the NICU of Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, the infection control team identified HAIs and recorded the National Hospital Infection Surveillance Network in accordance with the standards of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention throughout the period of four years after the unit's opening. All patients in the first four years of the NICU were included in the study. The capacity of the NICU is 16 incubators and the average nurse/neonate ratio was 1/3 in this period. Results: During the 4 -year study period, 1301 patients were hospitalized in the NICU and 378 HAIs were detected. The overall HAI rate was 29.1% and the density was 21.8 per 1000 patient days. Neonatal groups with birth weights of 750 grams and 751-1000 grams had the highest rates and incidence density of HAIs. The most common HAI pathogens were Klebsiella spp. (27.8%), Staphylococcus spp. (26.2%), Acinetobacter baumannii (5.8%), and Escherichia coli (5.8%). Conclusion: The risk of HAIs was found to be higher in neonates with a birth weight <1000 grams. In places where HAI rates are high such as NICUs, analyzing the characteristics of HAIs with active surveillance data is an essential component of infection control. This could enhance patient care and increase the survival of preterm infants with low birth weight.Emerging Sources Citation Inde
Does Repeated Painful Stimuli Change Cerebral Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Response in Healthy, Term, Large for Gestational Age Newborns?
No full textObjective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of repeated painful stimuli on short-term pain response in healthy, term, large for gestational age newborns by measuring the regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO(2)), and behavioral and physiological responses. Methods: We compared term large for gestational age infants who received repeated painful stimuli (study group) with term, appropriate for gestational age infants (control group). A pulse oximeter and a near-infrared spectroscopy probe were connected to babies during the study period, and the responses of the babies were recorded by video, from which the crying time and the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale were obtained. The heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), and rScO(2) data were sampled every 1 second and exported to a personal computer via digital output during the study period. The maximum heart rate, the minimum SpO(2), and peak, baseline, and mean rScO(2) measurements following skin puncture were recorded. Data were compared within 1 group and between the 2 groups. Results: After the heel prick, crying time (P<0.001) and Neonatal Infant Pain Scale scores (P=0.024) increased, and SpO(2) levels decreased significantly (P=0.012) in the study group versus the control group. Although mean rScO(2) increased significantly within 1 group (P<0.001), it was not significant between the 2 groups. The percent change in rScO(2) was greater in the study group (5.2 [2.5 to 9.3]) compared with the control group (2.8 [1.1 to 8.2], P=0.037). Conclusion: We showed that rScO(2) values changed significantly within the first few days of life in babies who received more painful stimuli compared with the control group, similar to behavioral and physiological responses
Can peritoneal dialysis be used in preterm infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
No full textPeritoneal dialysis (PD) is considered as the most common form of renal replacement therapy for newborns including preterms with acute kidney injury (AKI). Although there are several reports describing successful PD performed for AKI in preterm infants, there is no data describing the use of PD to treat AKI in preterm newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), which is one of the contraindications for PD. We present a preterm newborn with CDH, truncus arteriosus and AKI treated with PD and emphasize that PD may be successfully performed with caution even in cases of contraindications when other renal replacement therapies cannot be used
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
