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GRAVES DISEASE
Get PDFGraves' disease is one of the most common autoimmune diseases. The disease is named after the scientist Robert James Graves, who first described it in the 19th century as a syndrome with an enlarged and overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism due to circulating autoantibodies), rapid heart rate, and eye abnormalities.
graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism and affects more women than men. Graves’ disease can appear at any age, but it most commonly appears for the first time between the ages of 20 and 40. Factor is a predisposition that is more dominant than environmental factors.
There are circulating autoantibodies produced by B lymphocytes induced by autoreactive T lymphocytes that recognize thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors in thyroid tissue as self-antigens. These autoantibodies are also known as TSH receptor antibodies (TSH-R Ab), thyrotropin stimulating antibodies (TSI), or thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb). TRAb acts like TSH to cause thyroid hyperplasia (diffuse goitre), increased synthesis, and excessive and uncontrolled secretion of thyroid hormones (T4: tetraiodothyronine T4 and T3: triiodothyronine T3).
Investigations to confirm Graves’ disease show elevated thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) with very low TSH and increased TRAb. On thyroid ultrasound, the majority of patients have a hypervascular and hypoechoic diffusely enlarged thyroid gland.
The treatment for graves’ disease is to reduce the synthesis of thyroid hormones using anti-thyroid drugs, or to reduce the amount of thyroid tissue with radioactive iodine (RAI) or total thyroidectomy. Methimazole is the first-choice antithyroid drug with good effectiveness and safety. Although the recurrence rate after stopping the drug is still quite hig
The Correlation Between Leukocytosis And Gallbladder Adhesion On Cholecystectomy Patients At X Hospital
Get PDFBackground: Gallbladder adhesion is a complication which causes difficulty in cholecystectomy. The author aims to seek for a test that could be used as a predictor factor for gallbladder adhesion. In this research, the elevated white blood cell (leukocyte) count is the factor studied.
Aim: This study aims to seek for correlation between leukocytosis and gallbladder adhesion on cholecystectomy patients.
Method: This research is an observational analytic study using cross sectional design. The independent variable in this research is leukocytosis, and the dependent variable is gallbladder adhesion. Analysis in this research is carried out with Chi-Square test, using a total sampling of 45 medical records of cholecystectomy patients at X Hospital.
Result: The majority of cholelithiasis patients in this research were between 50-59 years old (33,3%), with a mean of 51 years old. The number of cholelithiasis patient was dominated by female (62,2%). According to the cholecystectomy procedure, 26 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (58,8%). According to clinical presentation, pain in the upper right of the abdomen was experienced by 25 patients (55,6%). Complication suffered by patients was mostly cholecystitis (n=44), yielding the number of 97,8%, followed by gallbladder adhesion in 34 patients (75,6%). Leukocytosis, which is assumed to be the predictor factor of gallbladder adhesion, was found in 15 patients (33,3%). The Chi-Square test showed no significant correlation between the two variable studied (p=0,62). Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between leukocytosis and gallbladder adhesion in cholecystectomy patients
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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