Journal of Widya Medika Junior
Not a member yet
264 research outputs found
Sort by
ROLE OF ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT IN DENGUE VIRUS-INFECTED WISTAR RATS AS A DENGUE MURINE MODEL
No full textBackground: Preclinical studies for discovering and developing a drug for a disease involve utilizing animals as experimental subjects. The search for an effective murine model of dengue infection is ongoing to support further scientific updates.
Aims: To explore the suitability of Wistar rats as a murine model for dengue infection by examining the impact of dengue virus (DENV) infection from several administration routes and induction methods on its clinical spectrums and laboratory findings.
Methods: Twenty-four Wistar rats (male sex, 2-3 months old, 200-300 grams weight) were randomly divided into four groups (n=6 per group): control group (no infection), SC Group (DENV-2 s.c.), IV-Group (DENV-2 i.v.), and ADE-Group (DENV-3 i.p. twice and DENV-2 i.v. once). Inactive 1011 ffu/mL DENV-3 were injected on days -14 and -5. Active 5 x 108ffu/mL DENV-2 were injected on day 0. Rectal temperature was measured on day 0 until 6. NS1 antigen tests were carried out from the viral medium on days -14, -5, and 0 and from the blood serum samples on day 4. Hematological parameters (leukocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrits, and platelets) were analyzed on days 0, 4, and 6. Biochemical parameters (albumin, ALT, and AST) were analyzed on day 6.
Results: IV-Group and ADE-Group showed significant increases in the temperature on day 1, day 2, and day 3. compared to the normal group (p<0.05) . ADE-Group had a mortality rate of 33.3%, lusterless and ruffled hair coat, and several hemorrhagic manifestations. Leukocytes in the ADE-Group showed significant decreases from day 0 to day 6 (p=0.021). ALT and AST of the ADE-Group also showed significant increases compared to the normal group (p=0.033 and 0.011 respectively)
Conclusion: Dengue infection through an induction method adapted from the antibody dependent enhancement phenomenon shows the most severe clinical spectrum and laboratory manifestations compared to other induction methods in Wistar rats
THE GARCINIA MANGOSTANA L. PEEL EXTRACT REDUCES FECAL MICROBIOTA COUNT AND MALONDIALDEHYDE EXPRESSION OF INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM IN MICROPLASTIC-INDUCED RATS
No full textMicroplastics (MPs) are food contaminants that can enter the bloodstream, triggering oxidative stress and inflammation. Intestinal microbiome dysbiosis and damage to the intestinal epithelial phospholipid membrane serve as key biomarkers of MPs toxicity in the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to analyze the potential of Garcinia mangostana L. peel extract (GME) in maintaining microbiome homeostasis and protecting the intestinal epithelium of Wistar rats exposed to low-density polyethylene (LDPE) MPs. This pure experimental study involved 35 rats divided into five groups: negative control (KN), positive control (KP), and three treatment groups (K1, K2, and K3). MPs were administered orally at 5 mg/day to the KP, K1, K2, and K3 groups, while GME was given at increasing doses in K1 (200 mg/kgBW/day), K2 (400 mg/kgBW/day), and K3 (600 mg/kgBW/day). One-way ANOVA test showed that GME significantly reduced intestinal microbiome dysbiosis (p=0.001; 95% CI), with mean total plate count values: KN=8.37±0.90; KP=11.70±0.99; K1=11.46±0.84; K2=8.65±1.20; K3=9.39±0.47. It also significantly prevented epithelial membrane damage (p=0.001; 95% CI), with mean malondialdehyde expression: KN=11.84±0.91; KP=25.84±3.24; K1=21.08±6.59; K2=18.65±3.22; K3=14.09±1.71. This study concludes that GME has potential to preserve microbiome homeostasis and protect intestinal epithelium from MPs-induced damage
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN HBA1C LEVELS AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IMPAIRMENT IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Full text linkBackground: Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease formed as metabolic disease whish predicted to increase. This high-rate incidence also will increase risk of complications such as cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment in the individuals with diabetes mellitus occurs through various mechanisms. To prevent the complications of diabetes mellitus, blood glucose control should be done. One of the parameters for measuring blood glucose is using HbA1c. Elevated HbA1c has been correlated to cognitive function impairment in the elderly. Kemenkes RI 2020 has indicates to screening cognitive disorders using MoCA.
Purpose: To determine the correlation between HbA1c levels and cognitive function impairment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Method: This research is an analytics observational study with a cross sectional approach. The used population are an elderly patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus with HbA1c, 3 months before being screened for cognitive disorder with MoCA-INA. The minimum sample required for this research is 32 respondents. Respondents who were willing and fulfil the criteria, must be screen cognitive function with MoCA-INA. Then, the obtained data must be processed using Spearman correlation test.
Result: Based on the result of Spearman correlation test, a significance scores 0,0013 was obtained (p < 0,005), which shows that there is a correlation between HbA1c levels and the MoCA-INA score, with sufficient correlation strength in the negative direction (r = -0,410).
Conclusion: There is a correlation between HbA1c levels and cognitive function impairment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
THE EFFECT OF INULIN-GLUCOMANNAN ON HIGH FAT HIGH SUCROSE DIET INDUCED MICE ON NFKB EXPRESSION IN COLON USING RT-QPCR METHOD
Full text linkBackground: Obesity is a major driver of non-communicable diseases. Poor dietary habits, such as long-term consumption of a high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet, can lead to gut microbiota dysbiosis, triggering inflammation and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in the colon. NF-κB activation in the colon is often associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Effective and practical approaches are needed to prevent obesity.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of inulin-glucomannan supplementation on inflammation in the colon through NF-κB expression and body weight changes.
Methods: Twenty male C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups: AQ (standard diet), KN (negative control, HFHS diet), IO (HFHS diet + inulin), GO (HFHS diet + glucomannan), and IG (HFHS diet + inulin-glucomannan mix). Fiber and HFHS diet were administered for 8 weeks. Body weight was measured weekly, and NF- κB expression in the colon was analyzed using the RT-qPCR method.
Results: Inulin, glucomannan, and the inulin-glucomannan combination significantly reduced body weight gain compared to the KN group (p = 0.0017). However, the Kruskal-Wallis test for NF-κB gene expression revealed no significant differences among all groups (AQ, KN, IO, GO, IG; p = 0.5920). Nonetheless, the fiber- treated groups showed a potential reduction in NF-κB gene expression, suggesting the need for further research to explore the specific effects of inulin-glucomannan.
Conclusion: Inulin, glucomannan, and the inulin-glucomannan combination prevent weight gain and obesity and hold potential for reducing NF-κB gene expression in the colon
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIABETES MELLITUS AND THE INCIDENCE OF PNEUMONIA IN PATIENTS AT DR. T. C. HILLERS MAUMERE REGIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL IN 2023
Full text linkBackground: Pneumonia is an infection of the lung parenchyma that can affect various populations, particularly patients with risk factors such as diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus is known to impair the immune response and increase the risk of respiratory tract infections. Sikka Regency is an area with a high prevalence of pneumonia; however, research investigating the relationship between diabetes mellitus and pneumonia in this region remains limited.
Objective: To examine the relationship between diabetes mellitus and the incidence of pneumonia in patients at RSUD Dr. T.C. Hillers Maumere.
Method: This study employed a quantitative analytic design with a cross-sectional method. The sample consisted of 397 patients selected through purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The independent variable was diabetes mellitus, while the dependent variable was pneumonia. Data were analyzed using the contingency coefficient test with SPSS software.
Results: There is a significant relationship between diabetes mellitus and the incidence of pneumonia with a value of P = 0.000 (P < 0.05) and a contingency coefficient C = 0.453. Hyperglycemia has been shown to play a role in increasing the risk of pneumonia through immune system disorders, excessive inflammation, and lung tissue damage. Factors such as age, gender, and level of education also influence the patient's condition.
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is significantly correlated with an increased risk of pneumonia. This study highlights the importance of preventing and managing pneumonia in patients with diabetes mellitus, particularly in areas with high prevalence rates such as Sikka Regency
DIFFERENCES IN BODY FAT MASS AMONG VEGAN AND LACTO-OVO VEGETARIAN GROUPS AGED 15-64 YEARS IN DENPASAR VEGETARIAN COMMUNITY
Full text linkBackground: Excess of fat mass can lead to obesity and increase the risk of non-communicable diseases which will affect a person's quality of life. One of the way to prevent the risk of non- communicable diseases is throughvegetarian diet intervention. According to theory, people on a vegetarian diet have low fat mass. However, it turns out that several studies have shown the opposite results in the form of high fat mass or the incidence of obesity in vegetarian groups. Therefore, researchers want to clarify people's understanding of the relationship between fat mass and a vegetarian diet.Objective: To analyze the differences in fat mass between the vegan and lacto-ovo vegetarian groups aged 15-64 years in Denpasar vegetarian community.Method: The research design is cross-sectional. The population using the vegan and lacto-ovo vegetarian group aged15-64 years in the Denpasar vegetarian community was 103 respondents. The sample for this study was 47 vegans and 56 lacto-ovo vegetarians and all of them met the inclusion criteria. Fat mass was measured using BIA and type of diet through a respondent characteristics questionnaire. Data analysis using the Mann-Whitney test.Result: Based on respondent characteristics data, it was found that 75.8% of respondents were aged 25-54 years,respondents were dominated by women with a percentage of 55.3%, 64% of respondents with obesity class 1 hadincreased fat mass, 35.7% with obesity class 1 and 64.3% with obesity class 2 had high fat mass. Analysis of thedifference in fat mass between the vegan and lacto-ovo vegetarian groups found p=0.513 (p>0.05), which means the results were not significant.Conclusion: There was no difference in fat mass between the vegan and lacto-ovo vegetarian groups
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POSTURAL HYPOTENSION INCIDENCE BASED ON HYPERTENSION CONTROL STATUS IN THE ELDERLY
Full text linkBackground: The prevalence and severity of hypertension increase with age. Based on control status, more elderly individuals suffer from uncontrolled hypertension than from controlled hypertension. Some studies have shown that hypertension is associated with the risk of postural hypotension. Postural hypotension can lead to serious consequences, but it is often unnoticed due to the absence of symptoms, and there is still a misconceptions linking the use of antihypertensive medications to the onset of postural hypotension. Therefore, the researcher aims to examine the differences in the incidence of postural hypotension based on the status of controlled and uncontrolled hypertension in elderly patients.
Objective: To assess the difference in the incidence of postural hypotension based on the hypertension control status in elderly patients at the Mojokerto Health Center.
Method: This study is an observational analytic research with a cross-sectional design and purposive sampling technique. Data was collected from direct interviews, medical records of blood pressure history, and postural blood pressure examinations of elderly patients at the Tawang Sari Health Center, Kranggan Health Center, and Kedundung Health Center in Mojokerto during July to August 2024.
Results: Among 34 elderly patients with controlled hypertension and 34 elderly patients with uncontrolled hypertension, the incidence of postural hypotension was higher in those with uncontrolled hypertension (88.89%) compared to those with controlled hypertension (11.11%). The Fisher exact test analysis showed a p-value of 0.027 (p<0.05) with a prevalence ratio (PR) of 8.
Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the incidence of postural hypotension based on the control status of hypertension (controlled vs. uncontrolled) in elderly patients. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension are eight times more likely to experience postural hypotension than those with controlled hypertension
CORRELATION BETWEEN ELEVATED MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE AND THE INCIDENCE OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABY IN THE CASE OF PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION
Full text linkBackground: Low birth weight (LBW) remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia, particularly in East Java Province, including Pasuruan City. One of the risk factors for LBW is PIH (Pregnancy Induced Hypertension). Early detection of PIH can reduce maternal and infant mortality rates through Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) screening in the early second trimester. MAP values reflect peripheral blood flow, which can impact fetal health. Objective: To investigate the correlation between elevated MAP and the incidence of LBW in the case of PIH. Methods: All medical record data of pregnant women with elevated MAP in the case of PIH at Asih Abyakta Hospital in Pasuruan City from January to December 2021-2023 were classified into 4 MAP categories: high normal, grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3. The birth weight outcomes were categorized as normal (2,500-4,000 grams) and low (≤2,500 grams). These variables were further analyzed using the Contingency Coefficient C correlation test with SPSS version 27 software to determine the significance of the correlation between the two variables.
Results: There were 114 samples with high normal MAP, 7% of which had normal birth weight and 6% of which had LBW babies. Furthermore regarding grade 1 MAP, 65% had normal birth weight and 61% had LBW babies. For grade 2 MAP, 28% had normal birth weight and 23% had LBW babies. For grade 3 MAP, all cases (10%) had LBW. There was no significant correlation between elevated MAP and LBW, with a p-value of 0.40 (significance was defined as p < 0.05).
Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between elevated MAP and the incidence of LBW in the case of PIH
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANXIETY LEVELS AND INSOMNIA LEVELS IN MEDICAL STUDENTS AT WIDYA MANDALA CATHOLIC SURABAYA UNIVERSITY
No full textIntroduction: Insomnia can be experienced for many reasons and anxiety is one of the risk factors for insomnia. Insomnia is a condition where the inability to meet the needs of sleep, both in quality and quantity. Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder and may or may not be temporary. A person is not said to be insomniac only from the quantity of sleep or how long he sleeps, insomnia is determined by the quality of sleep and the feeling of the morning after waking up. Insomnia is a condition where it is difficult to start sleeping or maintain sleep. Anxiety or anxiety is a feeling of discomfort in a person and is the most common psychiatric disorder in society and in students.Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between anxiety and insomnia in medical students at Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya.Methods: This research is an analytic observational study with a cross sectional approach. In this study, the independent variable was determined to be anxiety and the dependent variable was insomnia. This study uses Spearman analysis with the scale of the two variables is ordinal.Results: The results of the Spearman analysis are said to be significant if the P value < 0.05. This study analyzes each batch and total students. The results showed that there was a relationship between anxiety and insomnia in medical students at Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya and the results of Spearman's analysis on the total sample of students got P = 0.003 and the correlation coefficient (r) = 0.375.Conclusion: In the analysis that has been carried out using the Spearman analytical test, the results are significant and the level of correlation between the two variables is sufficient.Keywords: anxiety, insomnia, medical student
CAN AUTISM BE DETECTED EARLY IN LIFE?
Full text linkAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in social communication and repetitive behaviors, typically emerging in early childhood. Early detection of ASD is critical, as timely intervention can significantly improve long-term outcomes in affected individuals. This review explores the possibility of detecting autism early in life, focusing on early behavioral signs, such as reduced eye contact and delayed social communication, which may be observable within the first year of life. The efficacy of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers Revised/Follow (M-CHAT-R/F), Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule in Autism Screening (ADOS), and the availability of emerging technologies like eye-tracking and neuroimaging that may offer more precise early detection methods is discussed. Furthermore, the role of genetic and environmental factors in the onset of ASD is examined, highlighting how early identification of at-risk populations could be facilitated through genetic screening. Finally, this review underscores the importance of early intervention programs, which have been shown to enhance developmental trajectories when initiated before three years of age. Ongoing research into technological advancements and predictive models promises to refine early detection methods, enabling better access to screening and care