1,721,017 research outputs found
Inflammatory metabolites in exhaled breath condensate characterize the obese respiratory phenotype
No full textIn humans, obesity plays a critical role in pulmonary inflammation, and is an important risk factor for the development of several inflammatory respiratory diseases. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that generate mediators in the setting of obesity may help to recognize the link between obesity and chronic respiratory diseases, like the increased incidence and severity of asthma in obese individuals. NMR spectroscopy of exhaled breath condensate (EBC, a non-invasive matrix to access the lung epithelial lining fluid) can unambiguously identify biomarkers characterizing different pulmonary physiopathological states. In this study we aimed at verifying if NMR-based metabolomics of EBC, combined with orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis, could possibly recognize specific biomarkers to map the obese metabolic respiratory phenotype. Obese and lean control subjects could be distinguished in a statistical model presenting high quality parameters (R2 = 0.904 and Q2 = 0.871). Identified airway metabolites linked to the inflammation processes demonstrate that obesity constitutes a specific inflammatory metabolic phenotype (metabotype). It is concluded that the noninvasive EBC matrix is suitable to selectively investigate the obesity-related lung inflammation
Soyasapogenol B and trans-22-dehydrocam- pesterol from common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) root exudates stimulate broomrape seed germination
No full textBACKGROUND: Orobanche and Phelipanche species (the broomrapes) are root parasitic plants, some of which represent serious weed problems causing severe yield losses on important crops. Control strategies have largely focused on agronomic practices, resistant crop varieties and herbicides, albeit with marginal success. An alternative control method is the induction of suicidal seed germination with natural substances isolated from root exudates of host and non-host plants. RESULTS: Soyasapogenol B [olean-12-ene-3,22,24-triol(3β,4β,22β)] and trans-22-dehydrocampesterol [(ergosta-5,22-dien-3-ol, (3β,22E,24S)] were isolated from Vicia sativa root exudates. They were identified by comparing their spectroscopic and optical properties with those reported in the literature. Soyasapogenol B was very specific, stimulating the germination of O. minor seeds only, whereas trans-22-dehydrocampesterol stimulated P. aegyptiaca, O. crenata, O. foetida and O. minor. CONCLUSION: Soyasapogenol B and trans-22-deydrocampesterol were isolated for the first time from Vicia sativa root exudates, and their biological activity as stimulants of Orobanche or Phelipanche sp. seed germination was reported
Effect on cancer cell proliferation of palmitoylethanolamide, a fatty acid amide interacting with both the cannabinoid and vanilloid signalling systems.
No full textBotrytone, a new naphthalenone pentaketide produced by botrytis fabae, the causal agent of chocolate spot disease on vicia faba
No full textA strain of Botrytis fabae isolated from faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants displaying clear chocolate spot disease symptoms produced phytotoxic metabolites in vitro. The phytotoxins isolated from the culture filtrate organic extract were characterized by spectroscopic and optical methods. A new naphthalenone pentaketide, named botrytone, was isolated and characterized as (4R)-3,4-dihydro-4,5,8-trihydroxy-1(2H)-naphthalenone together with other well-known closely related naphthalenones such as regiolone and cis- and trans-3,4-dihydro-2,4,8-trihydroxynaphthalen-1(2H)-ones. When tested on leaves of the host plant, with the cis- and trans-3,4-dihydro-2,4,8- trihydroxynaphthalen-1(2H)-ones assayed in mixture, regiolone demonstrated the highest level of phytotoxicity together with cis- and trans-3,4-dihydro-2,4,8- trihydroxynaphthalen-1(2H)-ones. Botrytone showed moderate phytotoxic activity at 1 mg/mL and was still phytotoxic at 0.5 mg/mL
Understanding UV-driven metabolism in the hypersaline ciliate Fabrea salina
No full textBy using NMR spectroscopy, a non-invasive investigation technique, we performed in vivo experiments aimed at uncovering the metabolic pathways involved in the early response of Fabrea salina cells to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This hypersaline ciliate was chosen as a model organism because of its well-known high resistance to UV radiation. Identical cell samples were exposed to visible radiation only (control samples, CS) and to UV-B + UV-A + visible radiation (treated samples, TS), and NMR spectra of in vivo cells were collected at different exposure times. Resonances were identified through one- and two-dimensional experiments. To compare experiments performed at variable irradiation times on different culture batches, metabolite signals affected by the UV exposure were normalized to corresponding intensity at tau = 0, the zero exposure time. The most affected metabolites are all osmoprotectants, namely, choline, glycine-betaine, betaines, ectoine, proline, alpha-trehalose and sucrose. The time course of these signals presents qualitative differences between CS and TS, and most of these osmoprotectants tend to accumulate significantly in TS in a UV dose-dependent manner. A picture of the immediate stress response of F. salina against UV radiation in terms of osmoprotection, water retention and salting-out prevention is described
Beta-Casomorphins: Substitution of Phenylalanine with beta-homo Phenylalanine Increases the mu-Type Opioid Receptor Affinity.
No full textLipophilic phytotoxins produced by Neofusicoccum parvum, a grapevine canker agent
No full textLipophilic phytotoxins produced by Neofusicoccum parvum, a Botryosphaeriaceae species pathogenic to grapevine, were isolated and identified by spectroscopic methods as (3R,4R)-(-)-4-hydroxymellein, (3R,4S)-(-)-4-hydroxymellein, isosclerone and tyrosol. When assayed for phytotoxicity on tomato plants, all four metabolites showed phytotoxic activity, with (3R,4R)-(-)-4-hydroxymellein and isosclerone the most active. Isosclerone is reported for the first time as produced by a Botryosphaeriaceae species
Valutazione di peptidi funzionali nei prodotti lattiero-caseari mediante spettrometria di massa.
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