18 research outputs found
Activity of extracts from three tropical plants towards fungi pathogenic to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
No full textAntifungal properties were assessed of water and ethanol extracts from the pan-tropical plants Oxalis barrelieri L., Stachytarpheta cayennensis L., and Euphorbia hirta L. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, Alternaria solani Sorauer, and Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. The plant extracts inhibited fungal growth in vitro at 1.25-20 mg mL-1, and the degrees of inhibition increased in a dose-dependent manner. Ethanol extracts from the plants inhibited fungal growth by 80-100%, while water extracts showed less antifungal activity, with maximum growth inhibition of 62%. Growth inhibition from ethanol extracts was two- to three-fold greater than for water extracts at equivalent concentrations. Antifungal activity of the extracts varied with their content and composition of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids. In greenhouse experiments, spraying tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) with ethanol extract from E. hirta at 2.5 mg mL-1 did not cause phytotoxicity, and increased plant size, when compared to untreated plants. Spraying E. hirta ethanol extract on tomato plants infected by R. solani reduced disease severity up to 80%, when compared to non-sprayed plants. These results demonstrate potential of leaf extracts from E. hirta, O. barrelieri, and S. cayennensis as biofungicides for the control of R. solani, A. solani, and F. oxysporum, which are among the most important causal agents of tomato diseases
Phenolic compounds profile of water and ethanol extracts of Euphorbia hirta L. leaves showing antioxidant and antifungal properties
No full textThe bioactive chemical constituents of water and ethanol extracts of Euphorbia hirta L. leaves have been identified and quantified using an un-targeted mass spectrometric approach. The study allowed the tentative identification of 123 individual phenolic compounds and 18 non-phenolic phytochemicals, most of them described in Euphorbia hirta L. leaves for the first time. Gallotannins, hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids were the most abundant phenolic classes in Euphorbia hirta L. leaves, representing together the 71.5% (26.3%, 25.2% and 20%, respectively) of the total amount of identified phenolics. The main phenolic compounds detected were tri-O-galloyl-glucose isomers, feruloyl-coniferin, tetra-O-galloyl-glucose isomers, di-O-galloyl-glucose isomers, ethyl-gallic acid, protocatechuic acid-O-pentoside-O-hexoside, 5-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid trans isomer and digalloyl-quinic acid. Feruloyl-coniferin was found to be approximately six times more concentrated in the ethanol extract with respect to the water extract. The ethanol extract exhibited higher ABTS (1338.3 ± 85.3 and 802.3 ± 91.0 μmol ascorbic acid equivalent/gram of dry extract, respectively) and superoxide anion (2014.6 ± 78.6 and 1528.0 ± 111.7 μmol ascorbic acid equivalent/gram of dry extract, respectively) scavenging abilities than the water extract. Additionally, the ethanol extract also showed a remarkable anti-fungal effect against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, Alternaria solani and Rhizoctonia solani. This study provides new information about Euphorbia hirta L., offering reasons to promote this plant species as rich source of phenolics and an excellent source of antifungal molecules that might have a prospective use in controlling fungal diseases of vegetable crops
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF TROPICAL PLANTS AGAINST TOMATO FUNGAL PATHOGENES.
No full textSeveral plant extracts may have a strong antifungal activity
that can be exploited in the management of fungal diseases as an
alternative to synthetic fungicides, the abuse of which may have
consequences on the environment and health. Ethanol extracts
(EE) and water extracts (WE) of three tropical plants, Stachytarpheta
cayennensis (Verbenaceae), Oxalis barrelieri (Oxalidaceae) and
Euphorbia hirta (Euphorbiaceae) were obtained and screened for
their antifungal activity against three major phytopathogenic fungi
of tomato: Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp. and Colletotrichum sp. The
phytopathogenic fungi used across the experiments were isolated in
Cameroon on severely affected tomatoes and their molecular identification
and characterization is ongoing. The antifungal activity was
checked in vitro on different media supplemented with different
concentrations of the extracts. O. barrelieri EE, at the concentration
of 25 mg/ml, inhibited the mycelium growth of Fusarium sp. by
26.8% and remarkably modified its morphology. WE and EE of the
same O. barrelieri inhibited the mycelium growth of Colletotrichum sp. by 43.7% and 50.3% respectively, but showed no inhibition on
Alternaria sp. The phytochemical analysis of these plant extracts
revealed that EE of S. cayennensis was the richest in polyphenols
and flavonoids. EE from O. barrelieri was particularly rich in alkaloids.
The inhibitory effects on the phytopathogenic fungi were possibly
related to the amount of polyphenols and alkaloids obtained
through the extraction. Field experiments are being conducted on
tomato to confirm the action of such extracts in vivo. These findings
may contribute to develop new biofungicides to protect tomato
from some fungal pathogens
Patient-specific computer modeling for automated sizing of fenestrated stent-grafts Author names and affiliations
No full textInternational audienc
Mind to screen : the conveyance of disordered mental states in film
No full textThis thesis investigates the way in which film as a specific medium is capable of
communicating a subjectivity that is troubled or otherwise compromised by
mental illness. It is traditionally held that the written word is a far more suitable
medium for communicating interiority than the medium of film, as the word is
characterised as complex, abstract and conceptual, whilst the image is
characterised as straightforward, obvious and concrete. This thesis will argue,
however, that the medium of film is entirely capable of dealing with the abstract
and conceptual, and can in fact construct extremely complex frameworks of
subjectivity due to its multitrack character. Using detailed textual analysis, I will
interrogate the way in which film utilises the multiple channels available to it
(the visual, verbal, and aural) to create complex systems of meaning.
Due to the tendency of filmmakers to appeal to literary sources for guidance
when conveying mental states, the issue of adaptation is crucial to my entry into
this discussion. My corpus primarily consists of films that are based on literary
accounts of troubled subjectivity (either biographical or fictional). My thesis will
compare and contrast filmic and literary conveyances of mental illness to
establish the symbols, metaphors and analogies that communicate complex
interiority. My key case studies are: A Scanner Darkly (dir. Richard Linklater,
2006), Clean, Shaven (dir. Lodge Kerrigan, 1993), A Beautiful Mind (dir. Ron
Howard, 2001), Fight Club (dir. David Fincher, 1999), Secret Window (dir.
David Koepp, 2004), The Hours (dir. Stephen Daldry, 2002), and A Single
Man (dir. Tom Ford, 2008).
This thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge by generating alternative
readings of these films that take into account the multitrack character of the
medium. These readings will highlight the specific techniques and vocabularies
that are drawn on and developed to communicate disordered interiority
Author Correction: Burdens of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages in 184 countries (Nature Medicine, (2025), 10.1038/s41591-024-03345-4)
No full textCorrection to: Nature Medicinehttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03345-4, published online 6 January 2025. In the version of the article initially published, in the eighth paragraph of the Discussion, the text “Among large nations, the largest increases in SSB-related T2D burdens were in Mexico, Thailand and the United Kingdom, and in CVD burdens, Colombia, Nigeria, Thailand and Russia. These changes align with rises in SSB consumption in these nations12. Similarly, declining SSB-related cardiometabolic burdens in Brazil, the United States and the United Kingdom (for CVD) are consistent with their decreasing SSB consumption from 1990 to 202012” was incorrect and has now been updated to “Among largely populated nations, the largest increases in SSB-related T2D incidence was in Colombia, USA and Argentina; and in CVD incidence, Nigeria, Russia, Colombia and Thailand. These changes generally align with rises in SSB consumption in these nations, except in the US where slight declines in SSB consumption were offset by increased burdens of diabetes 12. Similarly, declining SSB-related cardiometabolic burdens in Turkey, Brazil, and the United States and the United Kingdom for CVD are consistent with their decreasing SSB consumption from 1990 to 202012.” Additionally, Supplementary Data 1 and 2 have been updated to remove decimals in values greater than 100. These corrections have been made to the HTML and PDF versions of the article. © The Author(s) 2025
The Legacy of Iconoclasm: religious war and the relic landscape of Tours, Blois and Vendôme, 1550-1750
No full textThis study explores the process of physically rebuilding, renewing and reinventing the relic landscape in the regions around Tours, Blois and Vendôme following the widespread iconoclastic damage of the French religious wars. The author takes a long-term perspective exploring developments over two hundred years, from the mid-sixteenth through to the mid-eighteenth centuries. The book explores what the physical renewal of the landscape can tell us about evolving beliefs and practices concerning relics during the Catholic Reformation and what reconstruction activities reveal about the meaning and experience of relic veneration. It pays particular attention to how the relic landscape evolved through relic translations and how communities that oversaw relic shrines remembered the iconoclastic acts of the religious wars through liturgical and ritual commemorations, memorials, artistic renderings, oral traditions and written accounts.Publisher PD
Author Correction: The European Reference Genome Atlas: piloting a decentralised approach to equitable biodiversity genomics
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Urea levels and cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease
No full textBackground: Elevated serum urea levels are common in moderate-to-advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several studies have shown that urea is a direct and indirect uraemic toxin, especially with regard to cardiovascular disease. We sought to determine whether serum urea levels are associated with adverse cardiovascular events and death before renal replacement therapy (RRT) in patients with CKD. Methods: CKD-REIN is a prospective cohort of CKD nephrology outpatients not receiving maintenance dialysis. The 2507 patients included in the analysis were divided into three groups according to the baseline serum urea level (T1 <10.5, T2 10.5-15.1 and T3 ≥15.1 mmol/L). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for first atheromatous or non-atheromatous cardiovascular (CV) events and all-cause mortality before RRT. The models were adjusted for baseline comorbidities, laboratory data and medications. Findings: Of the 2507 included patients median [interquartile range (IQR)] age: 69 [61-77]; mean (standard deviation) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 33.5 (11.6) mL/min/1.73 m², 54% had a history of cardiovascular disease. After multiple adjustments for CV risk factors (including eGFR), patients in T3 had a higher risk of atheromatous and non-atheromatous CV events than patient in T1 (n events = 451, HR [95% CI]: 1.93 [1.39; 2.69]). The adjusted HRs for death before RRT (n events = 407) were 1.31 [0.97; 1.76] and 1.73 [1.22; 2.45] for patients T2 and those in T3, respectively. Interpretation: Our data suggested that urea is a predictor of CV outcomes beyond CV risk factors including eGFR. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the ERA
