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Challenges and Constraints Faced by Potato Growers Regarding Farm Credit Acquisition
Get PDFPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.), widely considered as 'The king of vegetables', has been the most commonly cultivated food crop after rice, wheat and maize [1]. Potato growers were unable to meet the large expenses for cultivation from their own sources and they are bound to take credit from different sources due to high capital intensive nature of the crop [2]. They borrow credit in cash and kind from a number of sources. Coochbehar –II block has been selected purposively and a total of 100 potato growers were selected randomly from 5 villages. Primary data were collected using a pre-tested structured schedule. Ranking method and Garrett Ranking method were adopted to determine the problems and challenges encountered by potato growers with regards to farm credit acquisition. Among the institutional borrowers the main challenge is the unavailability of farm credit on time followed by insufficient credit limit, high interest rates charged by the financial institutes and delay in loan approval/disbursement, respectively. From the study area it was found that still lots of small and marginal farmers meet their credit needs from the non institutional sources and they are forced to pay a very high interest rate. For non institutional borrowers the major challenge is the fear of repayment/becoming defaulter followed by no proper land records, Small land holdings/no extra income source and collateral issues, respectively. The study suggests that financial institutes should come forward to meet the credit constraints and challenges faced by the potato farmers. Necessary steps must be taken care to reduce the rate of over-dependence on non-institutional sources by expanding its outreach to the corner most villages. The co-operative societies need to be expanded and strengthen to achieve maximum outreach to the small and marginal farmers. Repayment behavior needs to be inculcated to the borrowers to reduce willful default. Banks and co-operatives must regularly render counseling to the distressed farmers, which could sort out many of their constraints
Resource Use Efficiency under Rice Cultivation in Old Alluvial Zone of West Bengal, India: An Empirical Assessment of Beneficiary and Non-Beneficiary Farmers
No full textEffective utilization of resources is a significant concern from an economic standpoint to enhance production levels and optimize returns. The current research examined the efficiency of resource usage in rice farming in the old alluvial region of West Bengal. A sample of 100 beneficiaries and 100 non-beneficiaries were purposively selected from Balurghat block of Dakshin Dinajpur district of West Bengal. Cost of Cultivation, resource use efficiency and the relative percentage change in marginal value product were estimated. The estimated R2 value for beneficiary farmers was 0.63 which clearly indicates that 63 per cent of the variations in rice yield are explained by the explanatory variables considered in the model. The elasticity coefficients of hired labour (0.15), seeds (0.08), DAP/SSP (0.14), farm yard manure (0.16) and irrigation (0.15) were found positive and statistically significant. The level of adjustments estimated for various resources to earn optimum returns were seeds (75.37 per cent), DAP/SSP (81.88 per cent), farm yard manures (51.14 per cent) and irrigation (79.72 per cent), respectively. Similarly, the estimated R2 value for non-beneficiary farmers was 0.53 indicates that 53 per cent of the variations were explained by the explanatory variables. The elasticity coefficients of family labour (0.16), Urea (0.04), farm yard manure (0.12) and irrigation (0.07) were found positive and statistically significant. The level of adjustments estimated for various resources to earn optimum returns were Urea (65.10 per cent), farm yard manures (32.61per cent) and irrigation (69.56 per cent), respectively. The efficiency ratios which are more than one in each case clearly indicates that these resources are being used at sub-optimum level and therefore, farmers could improve economic efficiency and productivity if they use more of these resources. The level of adjustments estimated for various resources to earn optimum returns were analyzed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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