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Gestion des évacuations lors des crises volcaniques : étude de cas du volcan Merapi, Java, Indonésie
No full textMerapi volcano, located in the Java Island, Indonesia, is one of the world's most active volcanoes. Its slopes are densely populated until a 4 km radius around the summit. More than 50,000 people living in the most dangerous area (KRB III) are exposed to pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), one of the deadliest volcanic hazards. ln this context, temporary evacuation of the threatened zone, during eruption, is the only possible way to reduce the risk of population. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the institutional and community responses in coping with volcanic crises, especially during the 2010 major eruption of Merapi. An evaluation of these responses and capacities of crisis management was done based on the lessons learned from recent eruptions, especially the 2010. First-hand data were obtained using questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and participatory three-dimensional map. In the first place, the results of this thesis were built upon the analysis of the factors influencing evacuation decision and the evacuation process, notably based on the 1994 and 2006 eruptions. Secondly, we studied the cri sis management and, in particular, the evacuation process during the 2010 eruption. Finally, we conducted evacuation modeling, in a term of forward-looking approach, at two scales: on the entire volcano and local level. This analysis highlights the gaps in evacuation management during volcanic crisis in Indonesia and suggests improvements for better preparation for institutional and community levels.Le Merapi, sur l'île indonésienne de Java, est l'un des volcans les plus actifs au monde. Ses pentes sont densément habitées jusqu'à un rayon de 4 km autour du sommet, et plus de 50 000 personnes vivent dans la zone la plus dangereuse (KRB III), exposée aux coulées et déferlantes pyroclastiques, un des aléas volcaniques les plus meurtriers. Dans ce contexte, l'évacuation temporaire des zones menacées est, en cas d'éruption, le seul moyen envisageable de réduction du risque pour les populations. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'analyser les réponses institutionnelles et communautaires déployées face aux crises volcaniques au Merapi, en particulier lors de l'éruption majeure de 2010. L'évaluation de ces réponses et des capacités de gestion de crise repose sur des retours d'expérience d'éruptions récentes, surtout celle de 2010, dont le vécu a permis de recueillir des données de première main sous forme de questionnaires, entretiens, discussions de groupe et maquette participative en trois dimensions. Les résultats présentés portent dans un premier temps sur l'analyse des facteurs de toutes natures (socioéconomiques, politiques, culturels, fonctionnels, etc.) susceptibles d'influencer la décision d'évacuer et le déroulement des évacuations, en nous fondant notamment sur des analyses rétrospectives sur les éruptions de 1994 et 2006. Dans un second temps, nous décortiquons la gestion de crise et en particulier le processus d'évacuation lors de l'éruption de 2010. Dans un dernier temps, cette thèse propose des modélisations d'évacuation à deux échelles: celle du massif volcanique et celle d'une localité, ceci dans une démarche prospective. Ces analyses permettent au final de mettre en évidence les lacunes dans la gestion des évacuations lors des crises volcaniques en Indonésie, et de proposer des améliorations pour une meilleure préparation aux niveaux institutionnel et communautaire
Evacuation management during volcanic crisis : study case of Merapi volcano, Java, Indonesia
No full textLe Merapi, sur l'île indonésienne de Java, est l'un des volcans les plus actifs au monde. Ses pentes sont densément habitées jusqu'à un rayon de 4 km autour du sommet, et plus de 50 000 personnes vivent dans la zone la plus dangereuse (KRB III), exposée aux coulées et déferlantes pyroclastiques, un des aléas volcaniques les plus meurtriers. Dans ce contexte, l'évacuation temporaire des zones menacées est, en cas d'éruption, le seul moyen envisageable de réduction du risque pour les populations. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'analyser les réponses institutionnelles et communautaires déployées face aux crises volcaniques au Merapi, en particulier lors de l'éruption majeure de 2010. L'évaluation de ces réponses et des capacités de gestion de crise repose sur des retours d'expérience d'éruptions récentes, surtout celle de 2010, dont le vécu a permis de recueillir des données de première main sous forme de questionnaires, entretiens, discussions de groupe et maquette participative en trois dimensions. Les résultats présentés portent dans un premier temps sur l'analyse des facteurs de toutes natures (socioéconomiques, politiques, culturels, fonctionnels, etc.) susceptibles d'influencer la décision d'évacuer et le déroulement des évacuations, en nous fondant notamment sur des analyses rétrospectives sur les éruptions de 1994 et 2006. Dans un second temps, nous décortiquons la gestion de crise et en particulier le processus d'évacuation lors de l'éruption de 2010. Dans un dernier temps, cette thèse propose des modélisations d'évacuation à deux échelles: celle du massif volcanique et celle d'une localité, ceci dans une démarche prospective. Ces analyses permettent au final de mettre en évidence les lacunes dans la gestion des évacuations lors des crises volcaniques en Indonésie, et de proposer des améliorations pour une meilleure préparation aux niveaux institutionnel et communautaire.Merapi volcano, located in the Java Island, Indonesia, is one of the world's most active volcanoes. Its slopes are densely populated until a 4 km radius around the summit. More than 50,000 people living in the most dangerous area (KRB III) are exposed to pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), one of the deadliest volcanic hazards. ln this context, temporary evacuation of the threatened zone, during eruption, is the only possible way to reduce the risk of population. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the institutional and community responses in coping with volcanic crises, especially during the 2010 major eruption of Merapi. An evaluation of these responses and capacities of crisis management was done based on the lessons learned from recent eruptions, especially the 2010. First-hand data were obtained using questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and participatory three-dimensional map. In the first place, the results of this thesis were built upon the analysis of the factors influencing evacuation decision and the evacuation process, notably based on the 1994 and 2006 eruptions. Secondly, we studied the cri sis management and, in particular, the evacuation process during the 2010 eruption. Finally, we conducted evacuation modeling, in a term of forward-looking approach, at two scales: on the entire volcano and local level. This analysis highlights the gaps in evacuation management during volcanic crisis in Indonesia and suggests improvements for better preparation for institutional and community levels
Participatory Planning for Evacuation Routes and Meeting Points in Ngargomulyo Village as a Disaster Risk Reduction Effort of Mount Merapi
No full textAbstract. Community involvement in the planning of evacuation routes and meeting points is necessary to make the result suitable for the community's needs and the conditions in their environment. Ngargomulyo Village, located 6.5 km from the peak of Merapi Volcano, needs evacuation planning as an effort in disaster risk reduction. Against the background of the urgency of establishing emergency evacuation routes for Ngargomulyo Village and the need for community involvement in the planning process, this paper presents a participatory planning of evacuation routes and meeting points for this village. The method used involved focus group discussion in view of producing an adequate evacuation map. All possible evacuation routes were evaluated by the community. According to the evacuation scheme, the inhabitants of the local settlements first have to go to the meeting point of their own settlement (titik kumpul dusun) and then move on to the village meeting point (titik kumpul desa) and next to the refugee camp in Tamanagung Village. An alternative scheme involves direct evacuation to Desa Tamangung without going through the village meeting point. Limited number of alternative evacuation routes creates the needs of structural and non structural developments to enable a smooth evacuation of the village community. Keywords. Merapi, Participatory Planning, Evacuation
Influence of the Institutional and Socio-Economic Context for Responding to Disasters: Case Study of the 1994 and 2006 Eruptions of the Merapi Volcano, Indonesia
No full textInternational audienc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Resettlement Following the 2010 Merapi Volcano Eruption
No full textAbstractThe 2010 Merapi eruption resulted in almost 400,000 internally displaced persons and around 2,200 families lost their houses. The rehabilitation and reconstruction was carried out by relocating victims of the affected area into safer zones in the Rekompak project scheme (REhabilitasi dan ReKOnstruksi Masyarakat dan Permukiman berbAsis Komunitas, Community-Based Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Society and Settlement). Since the project was ended in 2014, several issues related to resettlement's sustainability might arise. Therefore, this research aims at assessing the present condition of the new resettlement including infrastructures and facilities after the end of the project and at analyzing the inhabitants’ perception of the resettlement existing condition. We analysed the results of 46 questionnaires and conducted key informants interviews in two sub-villages (Kuwang and Plosokerep). The study shows that there is no significant modification on infrastructures and facilities, most of the inhabitants consent the current condition, yet some of them upgrade the quality of their residents
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