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Understanding of Actions: Some Problems
Get PDFAn action is understood by us iff we see the action as being the conclusion of an appropriate practical syllogism. With this starting point of von Wright's Explanation and Understanding (1971) several other proposals are compared and more or less identified with, namely understanding as (i) knowing of the intention with which the action was done, as (ii) knowing the reasons for which it is or was rational to perform the action, and as (iii) knowing the subjective meaning of the action. Relative to these different versions of "understanding of an action", I summarise some differences between von Wright and myself
Understanding of Actions: Some Problems
No full textAn action is understood by us iff we see the action as being the conclusion of an appropriate practical syllogism. With this starting point of von Wright's Explanation and Understanding (1971) several other proposals are compared and more or less identified with, namely understanding as (i) knowing of the intention with which the action was done, as (ii) knowing the reasons for which it is or was rational to perform the action, and as (iii) knowing the subjective meaning of the action. Relative to these different versions of "understanding of an action", I summarise some differences between von Wright and myself
Implikaturen. Erste Definitionsvorschläge
No full textImplikaturen sind spezielle Fälle dessen, was ein Sprechermit dem, was er sagt, seinem Adressatenzu verstehengeben will. Wie auch immer Implikaturen des näheren zu bestimmen sein mögen, klar ist also, was zu diesem Zweck bereits erklärt sein sollte: Nämlich erstens, was es heißt, jemandem etwas (auf kommunikativem Wege) zu verstehen geben zu wollen, zweitens, was es heißt, etwas zu sagen, und drittens, wie sich beides zueinander verhält.
Diese Vorbedingungen für ein genaueres Verständnis sind in den bisherigen Arbeiten zu Implikaturen nicht erfüllt. Weder bei H.P. Grice, auf dessen Ideen sich seit (Grice 1975) die meisten Ansätze stützen; noch irgendwo sonst. Die Implikaturen-Theorie hing insofern bisher in der Luft. Wie dieses Defizit zu beheben wäre, wird i.f. ganz grob skizziert
Grewendorf (Günther) et Meggle (Georg) (Éds.). Linguistik und Philosophie
No full textHottois Georges. Grewendorf (Günther) et Meggle (Georg) (Éds.). Linguistik und Philosophie. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 58, fasc. 3, 1980. Langues et littératures modernes — Moderne taal- en letterkunde. pp. 689-692
Optimale Informationsvorenthaltung als Strategem wissenschaftlicher Kommunikation
Get PDFScientists want to inform their colleagues in the best way, they present themselves to ruthless criticizm and free cognitive competition. I want to counter this assumption with the thesis of the optimum information whithholding as stratagem of scientific/scholarly communication.
Information withholding is a common practise between and inside laboratories. Also acknowledged scientists follow peculiar information strategies: they extract the inside of the organisation through information, but hardly return any kind of relevant information to the inside, but to the external world they demonstrate generosity. The 'symbolic capital' of scientific reputation is based on something that is called "gift economy". Assumed generous information strategies to the outside follow this rule: pass on as few relevant information as necessary to avoid the reproduction of the experiment by other colleagues, reveal only that much information that is necessary to be able to demand having been the first one. Valuable informations are objects of shortage (to raise the value), good exchange, presents and gifts.
Under strategic aspects, scientists conceal e.g. important details in their experiement strings in their publications. In general, scientists can be quite thrifty with information regarding their context of discovery. Also the development of secret languages can be interpreted as a form of information withholding, for the hindering of criticizm and the unloading of not-welcome competition.
As scientists assume that the real important informations are not published at all, information querulousness exists: instead of reading articles in peer reviewed journals – in dynamic research fields they are always outdated anyway – they make contact in a direct way – inspired by the information gossip with selected colleagues, which they know e.g. from congresses. The informal ways of research communication give advantage to those, who can offer something to the informal exchange economy: valuable information, access to precious samples, experiment material, cell cultures, research grants
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