1,720,991 research outputs found
Managed Aquifer Recharge for Water Resilience
Get PDFThis book is a hard copy of the editorial and all the papers in a Special Issue of the peer-reviewed open access journal ‘Water’ on the theme ‘Managed Aquifer Recharge for Water Resilience’. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is the purposeful recharge of water to aquifers for subsequent recovery or environmental benefit. MAR is increasingly used to make water supplies resilient to drought, climate change and deteriorating water quality, and to protect ecosystems from declining groundwater levels. Global MAR has grown exponentially to 10 cu.km/year and will increase ten-fold within a few decades. Well informed hydrogeologists, engineers and water quality scientists are needed to ensure that this investment is effective in meeting increasingly pressing needs. This compilation contains lessons from many examples of existing projects, including several national and continental summaries. It also addresses the elements essential for identifying and advancing projects such as mapping aquifer suitability and opportunities, policy matters, operational issues, and some innovations in MAR methods and monitoring. This collection exemplifies the state of progress in the science and practice of MAR and is intended to be useful, at least to water managers, water utilities, agricultural water users and urban planners, to facilitate water resilience through new MAR projects
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Enhancing Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability and Contamination Risk in Arid Lands
No full textThis dissertation delves into the complexities of groundwater governance and vulnerability in Arizona, with a focus on karst and alluvial aquifer systems. It is structured around three pivotal research objectives: first, to evaluate aquifer-based differences in groundwater vulnerability and contamination risks; second, to identify disparities in vulnerability among groundwater-dependent communities; and third, to develop decision support tools that facilitate sustainable groundwater management across diverse regions. The research integrates a range of methodologies across three distinct papers, each contributing uniquely to the comprehensive analysis of groundwater vulnerability and management in arid environments like Arizona. Across all papers, the research employs a combination of spatial analysis, numerical models, hybrid index-overlay models, and statistical methods. These methodologies leverage observed secondary data, remote sensing data, and extensive groundwater monitoring data to examine various aspects of groundwater vulnerability at multiple scales. The integration of these data sources supports robust assessments of groundwater dynamics, offering a nuanced understanding of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting aquifer systems. Paper 1 employs four hybrid index-overlay models—DRASTIC, DRASTIC-LUCC, DRASTIC-LUCC-AHP2, and DRASTIC-LUCC-AHP4—merging intrinsic factors like aquifer media and depth to water with extrinsic factors such as land use and climate change. The DRASTIC-LUCC model, highlighted for its efficacy in correlating nitrate concentrations with vulnerability scores, exemplifies the integration of land use and climate data into groundwater vulnerability assessments. Paper 2 focuses on equity-based disparities in groundwater vulnerability. It utilizes geostatistical tools and multivariate regression analyses to dissect the socio-hydrogeological factors impacting groundwater quality. This paper not only examines the disparities across different water supply systems and socio-economic groups but also emphasizes the need for inclusive water resource management policies that are sensitive to the needs of marginalized communities. Paper 3 explores the application of MOD16A2 evapotranspiration data in calibrating the SWAT model for the Pinal Active Management Area (AMA), emphasizing the role of agricultural land use and climate variability. This study highlights the challenges and potential of using remote sensing data to enhance hydrological models in arid regions, thereby improving the assessment of groundwater vulnerability linked to agricultural practices.
The dissertation's comprehensive literature review synthesizes the existing knowledge on Arizona's groundwater policy, land use practices, and the impacts of climate change on groundwater systems. It identifies critical gaps in the current groundwater vulnerability assessment methodologies and proposes integrated approaches to enhance resilience in the face of environmental uncertainties.
Through detailed spatial and numeric analyses and synthesis of findings, this dissertation advances the understanding of groundwater governance and management in arid regions, offering valuable insights for policymakers, water managers, and stakeholders. It highlights the importance of adapting management practices, integrating diverse data sources, and enhancing monitoring protocols to address groundwater contamination risks effectively. The findings support a holistic approach to groundwater management, emphasizing the necessity of sustainable practices that account for socio-economic disparities and environmental challenges in groundwater access and quality. This research contributes significantly to the field by providing a methodological framework that can be adapted for similar arid environments globally. Release after 09/27/202
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Evaluation of Water Harvesting Rebate Programs in Tucson, AZ
No full textAs water becomes scarcer, many water providers are looking for ways to encourage conservation. Water reuse is a critical part of water management, and because there is a set amount of water, deciding how and when water is reused will be a continuing and necessary debate. A 2016 National Academy of Sciences report on graywater, a hotly argued form of reuse, identifies several areas on needed research including assessing regulatory innovations to increase onsite water use, understanding how water harvesting systems affect water use behavior, assessing user knowledge of water harvesting systems, and further understanding the extent that best management practices are practiced. This research provides insight into some of these needed research areas. In Arizona, Tucson Water has used various measures to encourage conservation such as rebates or tax breaks for low flow toilets and fixtures, high efficiency washing machines, graywater systems, and rainwater harvesting systems. This research, focused on Tucson Water's rebate programs for installing water harvesting systems, takes a closer look at the maintenance requirements of water harvesting systems and the effect that water harvesting systems have on property vegetation. This thesis is composed of two parts: a survey of rebate recipients focused on maintenance and remote sensing of properties of rebate recipients to analyze changes in vegetation (greenness). The survey was completed with a 43% response rate, and remote sensing reveals no significant vegetation difference between properties that harvested water to those that did not. This thesis will present the findings of this study, which will elucidate unstudied aspects of water harvesting. Understanding some of the ramifications of residential level water harvesting, such as the programs encouraged by Tucson Water, will be an important part of informed decisions
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Managed Aquifer Recharge in Central Arizona: Long-Term Storage Credits, Central Arizona Groundwater Replenishment District and Effluent Reuse
No full textThe state of Arizona utilizes a valuable water management tool, Managed AquiferRecharge (MAR), in response to water scarcity and population growth. MAR consists of
storing water in an aquifer through a process called artificial recharge. This research
analyzes three different aspects of MAR in Central Arizona: a tool called long-term
storage credits (LTSCs), a mechanism called the Central Arizona Groundwater
Replenishment District (CAGRD), and means for recharge: the reuse of effluent. This
research follows a three-article dissertation format. The main body of this dissertation is
contained in Appendixes A, B, and C.
Appendix A offers a descriptive analysis of sales and purchases of LTSCs and
connects LTSCs to Arizona's laws and regulations that ensure sustainable use of water in
the most populated areas of the state. LTSCs represent a quantity of water stored in the
aquifer. Using data collected and maintained by the Arizona Department of Water
Resources (ADWR), this study examines sales of LTSCs to reveal patterns of marketbased
transactions. Analysis of 23 years of public records shows several trends: (1) LTSC
transactions have been increasing since 2003; (2) municipal water providers and
investment firms have been active participants in LTSC transactions; (3) the greatest
transaction volumes involve governmental entities established by state law with
groundwater recharge and replenishment obligations. The experience with LTSCs in
Arizona indicates that market mechanisms of transactions can be helpful in regions that
need to facilitate economic growth despite water scarcity.
Appendix B provides a problem structuring method for policy analysis. This
article uses primary qualitative data acquired in the Fall of 2020 by interviewing sixteen
18
CAGRD experts to find alternatives to CAGRD problems. This article also produces
statistical and qualitative analyses of 41 survey responses collected in the Summer of
2021 to gather Arizona stakeholder opinions about CAGRD. Results show that
stakeholders' chief concerns are long-term uncertainties related to the availability of
renewable water supplies and a hydrologic disconnect between the area where water is
added to the aquifer and the area where it is extracted. Stakeholders' sectors and CAGRD
membership influence their opinions. Potential policy changes are offered to address
problems identified by stakeholders. This research will inform forthcoming policy
examinations regarding groundwater management in Central Arizona as the state's
decision-makers look to improve CAGRD in the context of water scarcity exacerbated by
climate change.
Appendix C offers methods to monitor contaminants of emerging concern in
municipal wells. This article generates two simple hydrological models to estimate the
impact of effluent reuse through MAR with municipal water. It uses the City of
Goodyear, AZ, as its case study. This research relies on secondary data obtained from a
worldwide literature review and ADWR data. Two contaminant removal models were
designed to run recharge scenarios for eight municipal wells. Estimated concentrations of
carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole in municipal water were found to be below the
acceptable human daily intake. This article concludes that MAR of effluent in Goodyear
is effective in significatively removing these contaminants. This research has applications
to other regions that recharge effluent in alluvial aquifers
Managed Aquifer Recharge for Water Resilience
No full textThis book is a hard copy of the editorial and all the papers in a Special Issue of the peer-reviewed open access journal ‘Water’ on the theme ‘Managed Aquifer Recharge for Water Resilience’. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is the purposeful recharge of water to aquifers for subsequent recovery or environmental benefit. MAR is increasingly used to make water supplies resilient to drought, climate change and deteriorating water quality, and to protect ecosystems from declining groundwater levels. Global MAR has grown exponentially to 10 cu.km/year and will increase ten-fold within a few decades. Well informed hydrogeologists, engineers and water quality scientists are needed to ensure that this investment is effective in meeting increasingly pressing needs. This compilation contains lessons from many examples of existing projects, including several national and continental summaries. It also addresses the elements essential for identifying and advancing projects such as mapping aquifer suitability and opportunities, policy matters, operational issues, and some innovations in MAR methods and monitoring. This collection exemplifies the state of progress in the science and practice of MAR and is intended to be useful, at least to water managers, water utilities, agricultural water users and urban planners, to facilitate water resilience through new MAR projects
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Increasing the visibility of transboundary groundwater
No full textOpen access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
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Invisible water: the importance of good groundwater governance and management
No full textThis paper summarizes the results of efforts to bring attention to the importance of understanding and improving groundwater governance and management. Discussion of survey work in the United States and global case studies highlights the importance of focusing attention on this invisible water resource before pollution or depletion of it causes severe economic, environmental, and social dislocations. Better governance and management of groundwater are required to move toward sustainable groundwater use.University of Arizona Technology and Initiative Fund; United States Geological Survey; Ground Water Research and Education FoundationOpen access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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