1,720,985 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Chapter 7 From John Yudkin to Jamie Oliver
Full text linkSugar and the link between its consumption and chronic disease is today’s most debated dietary concern. Yet, as this chapter demonstrates, this debate is not a new one. Rather, the modern link between sugar and disease can be traced to the 1950s when a dialogue emerged in response to the post-war rise in chronic disease. Utilising published and unpublished texts of the late British nutritionist and anti-sugar campaigner John Yudkin, this chapter explores the numerous factors which shaped his ideas about sugar and the mediums used to propagate these to the public. Placing the history of advice about sugar in historical perspective, it provides an analysis of several key themes: the rise of nutrition science, the emergence of the state as a nutritional authority, the role of gender and cultural ideals in prescribing dietary advice, and the influence of commercial and professional interests in shaping public information concerning diet
Chapter 7 From John Yudkin to Jamie Oliver
No full textSugar and the link between its consumption and chronic disease is today’s most debated dietary concern. Yet, as this chapter demonstrates, this debate is not a new one. Rather, the modern link between sugar and disease can be traced to the 1950s when a dialogue emerged in response to the post-war rise in chronic disease. Utilising published and unpublished texts of the late British nutritionist and anti-sugar campaigner John Yudkin, this chapter explores the numerous factors which shaped his ideas about sugar and the mediums used to propagate these to the public. Placing the history of advice about sugar in historical perspective, it provides an analysis of several key themes: the rise of nutrition science, the emergence of the state as a nutritional authority, the role of gender and cultural ideals in prescribing dietary advice, and the influence of commercial and professional interests in shaping public information concerning diet
A spoonful of sugar : dietary advice and diabetes in Britain and the United States, 1945-2015
Full text linkThis thesis was previously held under moratorium from 26th April 2022 until 26th April 2024.In 1924, Haven Emerson, professor of preventative medicine and former health commissioner for the city of New York, along with his colleague Louise Larrimore, published the results of the first major epidemiological study of diabetes. The study found a wide range of factors associated with diabetes, including; race, affluence, lack of physical activity and changes in dietary habits, in particular a growing abundance of all foods. Overall, the findings suggested that diabetes was influenced considerably by social, economic and environmental factors. Despite these findings, governments, the medical profession and academics have predominantly focused on drug development and have tended to favour pharmaceutical responses to the disease, despite the fact that only 10% of diabetes (Type 1) is treatable with insulin. In contrast to this medical focus, this thesis adopts a social and cultural analysis of chronic disease in the twentieth century which considers the idea of Type 2 diabetes as a ‘disease of civilisation’, linked to societal changes, such as: the development of agriculture, industrialisation, dietary changes linked to advances in the food industry and the growth of the pharmaceutical industry and its consequent power to determine how disease is defined and treated. Using oral history testimonies this thesis outlines the changes in dietary recommendations received by diabetic patients against the backdrop of these changes occurring throughout the course of the twentieth century. Through this lens, this thesis places the current epidemic of Type 2 diabetes in historical perspective, illuminating the ways in which medical advice and treatments are shaped by social, cultural and political contexts.In 1924, Haven Emerson, professor of preventative medicine and former health commissioner for the city of New York, along with his colleague Louise Larrimore, published the results of the first major epidemiological study of diabetes. The study found a wide range of factors associated with diabetes, including; race, affluence, lack of physical activity and changes in dietary habits, in particular a growing abundance of all foods. Overall, the findings suggested that diabetes was influenced considerably by social, economic and environmental factors. Despite these findings, governments, the medical profession and academics have predominantly focused on drug development and have tended to favour pharmaceutical responses to the disease, despite the fact that only 10% of diabetes (Type 1) is treatable with insulin. In contrast to this medical focus, this thesis adopts a social and cultural analysis of chronic disease in the twentieth century which considers the idea of Type 2 diabetes as a ‘disease of civilisation’, linked to societal changes, such as: the development of agriculture, industrialisation, dietary changes linked to advances in the food industry and the growth of the pharmaceutical industry and its consequent power to determine how disease is defined and treated. Using oral history testimonies this thesis outlines the changes in dietary recommendations received by diabetic patients against the backdrop of these changes occurring throughout the course of the twentieth century. Through this lens, this thesis places the current epidemic of Type 2 diabetes in historical perspective, illuminating the ways in which medical advice and treatments are shaped by social, cultural and political contexts
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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