27 research outputs found
Sinking Feed Efficiency in Growth Performance, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and Yield of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at Different Stocking Densities
No full textThe efficiency of feed is considered as one of the most crucial factors that affects the growth performance, feed conversion ratio and yield as well. The study was aimed to compare the growth parameters of tilapia at different stocking densities to detect the efficiency of sinking feed assessing the growth trends at various sampling stages. To evaluate the comparative yield, the study was carried out in twelve concrete tanks under an outdoor laboratory shed. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry was released at the rate of 8 fry per tank as per the recommended stocking density of 320 fishes/decimal and 4 fry per tank equivalent to the stocking density of 160 fishes/decimal in intensive and semi-intensive aquaculture system, respectively. To evaluate the growth trends sinking feed was used for feeding the fish during the experimental period for T1 (Intensive) and T2 (Semi-intensive), respectively. The feed was supplied in each with three replications at the rate of 20%, 15%, and 10% of the body weight of fish, respectively. The daily ration of feed was delivered to fish dividing into two parts daily. Aeration facilities using air stone aerator were installed for 24 hours. To assume the consecutive growth trends, weight of fish was recorded in 3 days interval to have better understanding on the yield performance in relation to the feed conversion ratio (FCR). Water quality parameters i.e., temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) were recorded two times daily. The final weight gains of fish were 133.77±5.65 gm and 50.70±2.40 gm for T1 and T2, respectively. The mean percent weight gain of tilapia was higher in T1 (1127.25±0.00) than T2 (518.51±0.00 gm). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) in T1 and T2 were 1.97±0.11 and 1.70±0.07, respectively. The specific growth rates (SGR) of tilapia in T1 4.90±3.03 and 4.78±3.83 considering the data at the beginning and the end of the production cycle, respectively. Higher total production was obtained in T1 (1070.19 gm) than T2 (610.00 gm) with 100% survival in both the treatments. The present study reveals that, the efficiency of sinking feed was higher in T1 than T2 and farmers might be suggested to practice tank-based intensive aquaculture system to get higher production in a short period of time
Gastric cancer—Epidemiology, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, challenges and opportunities: An updated review
No full textGastric cancer represents a significant global health challenge due to its high mortality and incidence rates, particularly in Eastern Asia, Eastern Europe, and South America. This comprehensive review synthesizes the latest epidemiological data and explores both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with gastric cancer, aiming to delineate the multifactorial etiology of this disease. Modifiable risk factors include Helicobacter pylori infection, obesity, dietary habits, smoking and alcohol consumption, whereas nonmodifiable factors comprise genetic predispositions, age, family history and male gender. The interplay of these factors significantly impacts the risk and progression of gastric cancer, suggesting potential preventive strategies. The challenges in treating gastric cancer are considerable, largely because of the late-stage diagnosis and the heterogeneity of the disease, which complicate effective treatment regimens. Current treatment strategies involve a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies. The FLOT regimen (5-FU, Leucovorin, Oxaliplatin and Docetaxel) is now a standard for resectable cases in Europe and the US, showing superior survival and response rates over ECF and ECX regimens. For HER2-positive gastric cancer, trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy improves overall survival, as demonstrated by the ToGA trial. Additionally, immune checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab and nivolumab offer promising results. However, the five-year survival rate remains low, underscoring the urgency for improved therapeutic approaches. Recent advancements in molecular biology and cancer genomics have begun to pave the way for personalized medicine in gastric cancer care, focusing on molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapy. This review also highlights the critical need for better screening methods that could facilitate early detection and treatment, potentially improving the prognosis. By integrating epidemiological insights with new therapeutic strategies, this article aims to thoroughly understand of gastric cancer's dynamics and outline a framework for future research and clinical management, advocating for a multidisciplinary approach to tackle this formidable disease
Aqua Drugs, Antibiotics and Chemicals Used in Freshwater Aquaculture in Northern Bangladesh: A Survey
No full text<p>Aquaculture is the most vital, dynamic, and rapidly expanding food-producing sector in comparison to other food-producing industries. Nevertheless, aquaculture output is impeded by a number of viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic diseases. In order to comprehend the current circumstances of the use of chemicals and antibiotics for the management of fish health in freshwater aquaculture in the northern region of Bangladesh, the current investigation was carried out. Through questionnaire interviews, a market survey, and focus group discussions with the intended target group, data was collected. A comprehensive outline of various chemicals, antibiotics, and aqua drugs frequently used in freshwater aquaculture in the northern region of Bangladesh have been provided in the present study. These drugs and chemicals have been recorded to be applied in freshwater aquaculture for a variety of purposes, including disease treatment, growth enhancement, water quality improvement, and oxygen level improvement. Mostly, Bioaqua, Zeolite, Zeolite Geotox, Aquakleen, Aquaboost, Pond Life, Zeo Prime were used for water quality management; Oxy more, Aqua oxygen, Bio Care, Oxyflow to improve dissolve oxygen level; Aqua bind, Nutrimax, Protox aqua, Aquazyme, Megavit-Aqua, Aqua Boost, Aqua-C as growth promoter; ; Polgard Plus, Virex, Timsen as disinfectant; Oxysentin 20%, Bactitab, Malachite Green, Formalin, Aquamycine, Renamox 15%-vet, Acimox (vet) Powder, Cipro-A vet, Ciproflox were used against the prevalence of fish diseases. The improper utilization of aquatic drugs has been linked to various concerns, including inadequate information regarding chemical usage, insufficient dosage, improper application technique, and indiscriminate antibiotic usage.</p>
The Gonadal Length-Weight Relationships of Hilsa Shad (Tenualosa ilisha) in Relation to Fecundity, Total Length and Body Weight
No full textThe current study was carried out to estimate the range and average number of ova (eggs) released by a female Hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) individual during the breeding season, as well as to establish a relationship between Fecundity (F) and Total Length (TL), Total Weight (TW), Gonadal Length (GL) and Gonadal Weight (GW). The fecundity of T. ilisha was determined by studying the ovaries of 20 individuals with TL ranging from 37.60 cm to 49.90 cm. In this study, only ovaries bearing nearly ripe eggs were considered for the data collection. For each specimen, the total number of ova was computed by multiplying the estimated number of ova in the sample by the ratio of total ovary weight to sample weight. The largest specimen (TL 499 mm and TW 1252 g) was found to have 2272864 eggs, while the smallest (TL 376 mm and TW 617 g) had 835461 eggs. The association between Fecundity and TL, TW, GL, and GW were found to be significant at the 5% level (p<0.05) of significance. It was also discovered that for significant \u27t\u27 values, Fecundity increases linearly with Total Length, Total Weight, and Gonadal Weight
Effects of Dietary Vitamin C on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Activity and Disease Resistance of Fish: A Review
No full text<p>Vitamin C is an essential micronutrient that cannot be synthesized by fish and must be present in fish diets for proper functioning of the physiological conditions. It is required for the biosynthesis of the collagen which is a pre-requisite for the formation of connective tissue and increases the absorption of iron in fish. It prevents various diseases; it is soluble in water and is easily oxidated by heat, light and metal. Most animals can generate vitamin C in sufficient quantities for normal growth and function, but many fish cannot because they lack the enzyme L-gulonolactone oxidase for its manufacture. Vitamin C facilitates the absorption of iron and is necessary for a maximum rate of immune responses and enables a good response to stressors. This updated review presents a general outline of the possible physiological function of vitamin C for fish, with an emphasis on the information on growth performance, antioxidant activity, immune response and disease prevention of fish as well as the synergistic effects of vitamin C with other micronutrients. The diets supplemented with vitamin C promote the growth performance, improve the structure of the intestinal mucosal epithelium, and have a positive impact on the hematological parameter. The addition of different dietary vitamin C to the basal diets significantly improved the growth performance, antioxidant activity, immune response and disease resistance of fish. vitamin C in the aquaculture, having a solid understanding of the positive functions and mechanisms that vitamin C possesses is of the utmost significance.</p>
Growth Performance and Muscle Composition of Carps (Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus cirrhosus and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) at Different Protein Diets under Polyculture Farming
No full textThis study investigated the effects of three supplemental diets varying in protein percentage (T1- 28%, T2- 30%, and T3- 32%) on the fillet composition of Rohu (Labeo rohita), Catla (Catla catla), Mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus), and Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) reared in ponds with supplemental diets. The control treatment with no supplemental feeding was also included to conduct the experiment. Fish from control ponds had substantially lower mean muscle protein concentrations than fish from ponds that received supplemental feeding, with 28% and 30% protein diets producing the most muscle protein. Compared to other treatments, fish fed a diet containing 32% protein had significantly (p<0.05) higher muscle lipid concentrations (2.22%). The muscle carbohydrates were greater in fish from ponds fed 28% protein diets. The Rohu (L. rohita) had the highest percent of muscle protein among the three sampled fish species, while Silver carp (H. molitrix) had the lowest, with all other species having intermediate values. The Mrigal (C. cirrhosus) and Silver Carp (H. molitrix) had the highest carbohydrate in their muscles, while Rohu (L. rohita) had the least carbohydrate content. During polyculture of cyprinids in ponds, the supplemental feeding of diets with protein ranging from 28 to 30% protein can be recommended as an optimal protein diet to attain the higher growth performance of carps avoiding the wastage of feed at the farmer’s level in semi-intensive polyculture farming
Effect of Different Feeding Rates on Growth Performance and Survival Rate of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L. 1758) Fingerlings Reared in Rectangular Hapas
No full textThe objective of the study was to determine the effect of feeding ration on the growth and survival of Oreochromis niloticus. Three experimental hapas (T1, T2 and T3) were studied for a total of 8 weeks. The hapas had a rectangular shape and the same size (0.0725 decimal). In each of the three experimental conditions, 420 fish/decimal were stocked. The fish were fed 8% of their body weight in T2 and 12% of their body weight in T3. In T1, the fish were reliant on food that occurred naturally in their environment. In T2 and T3, fishes were fed twice daily. The proximate composition of the experimental diet was as follows: 11% water, 30% protein, 6% fat, 10% ash, and 7% fiber. Throughout the trial period, it was determined that the range of water quality parameters (water temperature 28-32°C, dissolved oxygen 5.6-7.8 mg/l, and water pH 7.5-8.6) were suitable for Tilapia culture. The initial mean weight of Tilapia fry in each of the three treatments was 3g, and their final mean weight gain was 6.8±4.77 g for T1, 9.88±5.76 g for T2 and 19.2±9.9 g for T3, respectively. The average initial length for the three treatments was 5 cm, and the average final length gain was 8.2±6.15 cm, 9.86±7.36 cm, and 12.2±8.23 cm for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The T3 group, which was fed at a rate of 12% of body weight, attained the highest length and weight, whereas the T1 group, with no supplemental nutrition revealed the least gain in terms of length and weight
An Assessment of the Water Quality Factors: A Case of Hilsa Fishery River Areas
No full textThe physicochemical and biological attributes of a river ecosystem usually reveal the status of the subsistent aquatic life and affiliated species richness index of the biodiversity. Towards appraisal of water quality, physicochemical parameters (i.e., temperature, pH, DO, transparency and conductivity), water nutrients (nitrate, phosphate) and concentration of chlorophyll a were determined. Samples were collected from seven different stations of Hilsa fishery areas with their special feature. The study revealed a slight spatial variation in physicochemical parameters of river water. While the parameters were found to be at acceptable levels, some measures are needed to improve the quality of water to ensure successful migration and reproduction of the Hilsa fish. The water quality parameter was found slightly alkaline (7.4±0.3). The transparency was found (38.3±11.11 cm) followed by water temperature (22.47±01.79 ºC), alkalinity (101.8 ±19.87), conductivity (2139±2101 µS/cm), CO2 (6.79±2.43 mg/L), DO (7.56±0.38 mg/L), nitrate (0.006±0.01 g/L), phosphate (0.002±0.0003 mg/L). Chlorophyll a, which represents the biomass of phytoplankton, was estimated (4.58 ± 4.18 mg/L). The largest quantity of plankton as a natural food (both in number and taxa) was found in the Meghna river basin compared to the other rivers. This assessment of the physical, hydrological, chemical and biological profile of the environment of the Hilsa fishery areas of the country delivers obvious evidence which is important to the apprising of the hilsa fisheries management action plan and to the sustainable management of hilsa fishery to a greater extent
Specific Growth Rate (SGR) in Different Stages of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Production Cycle in Cemented Tank Based Semi-Intensive Aquaculture System
No full textTraditional assessment of specific growth rate (SGR) using the data of the beginning and the end of aquaculture production cycle, avoiding intermediary data, is criticized as misleading way by the scholars. However, by knowing SGR in different stages of fish growth, the utilization of feed by fish can be well known. The study was conducted with aim to assess SGR of Tilapia in six concrete tanks for 90 days from 8th May to 10th August, 2017. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry was released at the rate of 4 fry per tank equivalent to the stocking density of 160 fishes/decimal as of the semi-intensive aquaculture system. Sinking and floating feeds were used for feeding the fish in T1 and T2, respectively with three replications for each treatment. During the experimental period, feed was given at the rate of 20%, 15% and 10% of the body weight in 1st, 2nd and 3rd month, respectively. Moreover, aeration facilities were installed for 24 hours using air stone aerator. The weight of fish was recorded using digital balance in 3 days interval to measure SGR. The water quality parameters i.e., temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) were recorded twice daily. The weight gains of fish were 49.90±2.40 g and 63.12±4.97g for T1 and T2, respectively. The mean percent weight gain of Tilapia was higher in T2 (747±0.00 g) than T1 (253.51±0.00 g). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) in T1 and T2 were 1.70±0.07 and 1.90±0.20, respectively. Considering the data at the beginning and the end of the production cycle, the SGR (% per day) of Tilapia in T1 and T2 were 6.27±3.27 and 6.26±3.83, respectively. The SGR for floating feed was higher at the initial stage of production cycle and lower in the later stages. For sinking feed, SGR was almost static from the beginning to the end. The higher FCR in T2 correlated with the lower SGR in the later stage of the culture period. Higher total production was obtained in T2 (830.96 g) than T1 (610 g) with 100% survival in both treatments. Therefore, determining SGR in a specific interval, at least 15 days interval, might be the efficient feeding practice of Tilapia farmers. 
Alternative protein sources as a replacement of fish meal in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus: A review
No full textThe farming of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has conquered the significant popularity in tropical and subtropical regions, primarily due to its remarkable faster growth rate. The growth performance of the species makes it an attractive choice for many fish farmers. Additionally, Tilapia exhibits a commendable resilience to disease, further enhancing its appeal as a farming option. Furthermore, the low trophic feeding levels of Tilapia contribute to its desirability, making it an efficient and sustainable choice for nutrition-conscious individuals. Due to the increasing prevalence of aquaculture production, there has been a significant surge in the demand for fishmeal. This particular protein source has relished the widespread popularity for many years and its demand has now more than doubled. The current growth rate of the aquaculture industry is outpacing the available fishmeal supplies, which are insufficient to meet the demand. According to scientific studies, it has been found that fishmeal can be effectively replaced with alternative sources without compromising the overall performance of the fish. This article presents a compelling case for the practicality of replacing fishmeal with alternative protein sources in the diet of Tilapia. These alternatives include terrestrial animal by-products, oilseed plants, single-cell proteins, and protein-rich plant derivatives. In order to mitigate the environmental impact of the fishmeal industry, it is crucial to implement measures that can effectively address this concern. Moreover, it is crucial to highlight the significance of these sources from a nutritional perspective. The blood meal, meat and bone meal are highly beneficial options for incorporating essential amino acids and protein into the diet of Tilapia. These alternatives offer a rich source of nutrients that can effectively replace fishmeal. The minerals instead of amino acids could improve plant protein performance. Due to inconsistent findings, aquatic plants and single-cell proteins in Tilapia meals should be carefully considered. Fishmeal replacers need biological and economic analyses. Long-term evaluations should be done in practical culture systems rather than labs. In conclusion, it is imperative for Tilapia producers to contemplate the utilization of alternative dietary sources, as extensive research has demonstrated the scientific feasibility of substituting the fishmeal in the diet of Tilapia
