European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences
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Validation of the Precision Scale Perceptive- Cognitive to People with ASD Diagnostic ‘PS-PC-ASD’
No full textOjea (2023) has published the Precision Scale Perceptivo- Cognitive (PS-PC-ASD), with the aim of determining the diagnosis of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which consists of three main weighted domains: 1) the perceptual-cognitive domain, 2) the social domain, and 3) the practical domain, in order to incorporate the measurement of cognitive neural values, which involve the level of neuropsychological and biological processing of information, from the input of information through perceptual sensory memory to semantic memory and its related episodic memory, as well as the development of interconceptual relationships that develop throughout the processes of information coding through working memory. In this study, the PS-PC-ASD scale has been validated for a total of N: 346 participants, which is a significantly broad sample, being a highly specific group, of which 112 don’t have any specific diagnosis, 140 have a level 1 autism diagnosis, 67 have level 2, and 27 have level 3, as the International Classification of the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 2013). The comparative data, obtained using a one-way ANOVA test, as well as the subsequent transformation of all direct scores (DS) found in the observation questionnaire into typical scores (Z), were used to construct the three categorical dimensions with typified scores: 1) processing category, 2) social category, and 3) behavioural category, whose typical sum provides a highly accurate analysis of explanatory variance, analysed using stepwise linear regression analysis, in which the three dimensions exhibit significant critical levels explaining the diagnostic data within the three categories (sig: .00). Finally, the correspondence of the total sum of typical scores found in accordance with the corresponding percentile, in intervals of five, the 50th percentile has corresponded to the typical average sum of -1.38, from which point a diagnosis compatible with autism can be definitively considered. From this percentile onwards, an increase in intensity implies greater severity in the diagnostic group for this disorder. In essence, the initial data found for the construction of the Scale has been corroborated, concluding that the Diagnostic Precision scale is a highly effective and positive instrument for the specific diagnostic precision of individuals with ASD
Development of Rubber Economy in Binh Phuoc Province (1997-2010)
No full textDuring the period 1997–2010, the rubber economy of Binh Phuoc province experienced strong development, gradually affirming its role as a key economic sector in the local agricultural structure. Based on advantages in natural conditions, land fund and production traditions, along with the system of guidelines and policies to encourage the development of perennial industrial crops of the State and province, the area of rubber cultivation, output and yield continuously increased. The rubber industry mainly developed according to two models: smallholder rubber and large-scale rubber, contributing to mobilizing social resources, forming specialized cultivation areas associated with the processing industry, creating jobs and improving income for rural people. However, the development process still faces limitations such as dependence on market fluctuations, unreasonable product structure, unsustainable production efficiency and impacts on the environment
Digital Leadership Competencies Among School Principals in Southeast Asia: A Comparative Case Study
No full textThis study explores the emerging landscape of digital leadership competencies among school principals in Southeast Asia, focusing on how they navigate the challenges and opportunities of educational digital transformation. Drawing upon Connectivism Theory (Siemens, 2005) and Transformational Leadership Framework (Bass & Avolio, 1994), the research investigates how school leaders develop, apply, and sustain digital competencies to enhance teaching, learning, and school management. A comparative qualitative case study was conducted in three Southeast Asian countries—Vietnam, Malaysia, and the Philippines—through semi-structured interviews with 18 principals and document analysis of institutional digital policies. Findings reveal three interrelated clusters of digital competencies: (1) digital communication and collaboration, (2) data-informed decision-making, and (3) e-learning integration and innovation. Despite shared regional aspirations toward modernization, the implementation of digital leadership practices varied due to contextual factors such as policy environment, institutional culture, and resource allocation. The study proposes a conceptual model of “Networked Digital Leadership,” highlighting the role of learning networks and digital ecosystems in shaping leadership practice. Implications are offered for leadership development programs and policy frameworks aiming to strengthen school digital capacity in the post-pandemic era
The Triple Burden of Belief: Socio-Religious and Traditional Barriers to the Clinical Management of Malaria, Typhoid, and Hepatitis in Pankshin LGA of Nigeria
No full textMalaria, typhoid fever, and viral hepatitis constitute a persistent triple infectious burden in rural Nigeria, where socio-religious norms and traditional beliefs intersect with limited healthcare access to influence disease outcomes. This study examined the socio-religious and traditional barriers affecting the clinical management of these infections in eight communities of Pankshin Local Government Area (LGA), Plateau State, north-central Nigeria. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 80 adult residents, selected purposively to represent diverse socio-demographic and cultural backgrounds. Data were collected using structured, interviewer-administered questionnaires and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics in R software, with spatial mapping in ArcGIS to visualise patterns of awareness and treatment-seeking behaviour. Results indicate that while general awareness of malaria, typhoid, and hepatitis was moderate to high, in-depth knowledge regarding transmission, prevention, and clinical care was limited. A significant proportion of respondents relied on traditional medicine (47.7%) or spiritual healing, influenced by beliefs in supernatural causation, perceived efficacy of indigenous remedies, and religious doctrines. Hospital care was the first point of contact for 73.3% of participants; however, 25.6% sought chemists, herbalists, or prayer houses first, creating delays in diagnosis and treatment. Physical discomfort, access challenges, and cost further reinforced these barriers. Associations between educational level and health-seeking behaviour were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The study highlights the "Triple Burden of Belief," where socio-religious, cultural, and structural factors jointly impede effective clinical management. To mitigate these barriers, culturally sensitive health education, engagement of traditional and religious leaders as referral partners, and improved access to affordable diagnostics and treatment are recommended. Addressing these intersecting challenges is critical to reducing morbidity and mortality from malaria, typhoid, and hepatitis in rural Nigerian communities
Biological Information as Conformally Invariant Topological Data: A Cyclic Cosmology Solution to Initial Condition Fine-Tuning in Prebiotic Chemistry
No full textThe origin of life's rapid emergence (~109 years) and universal biochemical features (homochirality, conserved metabolic pathways) present a fundamental puzzle: random chemical search in configuration space predicts timescales exceeding 10123 years, rendering biogenesis impossible within cosmic history. We present a comprehensive theoretical framework unifying Penrose's Conformal Cyclic Cosmology (CCC) with sheaf-theoretic descriptions of prebiotic chemical organization. We suggest that biological information from extinct systems in the previous cosmic aeon (aeonn) can survive the conformal boundary transition (I+n → I−(n+1)) through squeezed quantum states with squeezing parameter r ~ 1086, which suppress decoherence over timescales approaching 1097 years. This information, encoded in photonic field correlations, establishes topological attractors in the chemical configuration space of the subsequent Aeon (Aeon(n+1)) via modified Casimir forces. Using formal concept analysis and sheaf theory, we show that microenvironmental integration satisfying locality and gluing conditions enables coherent assembly of inherited structural motifs, reducing effective search space by ~1064 orders of magnitude. The framework makes seven falsifiable predictions including universal homochirality (enantiomeric excess ~0.2% from photonic bias amplified by autocatalysis), convergent metabolic network topology across independent biogenesis events, and specific cosmic microwave background non-Gaussian signatures at l ~ 1000-3000. Numerical simulations of molecular dynamics in squeezed electromagnetic vacua demonstrate biogenesis timescales of τbio ~ 109 years, consistent with terrestrial observations. This work provides the first physically viable mechanism for trans-aeon biological information transfer, resolving the combinatorial impossibility problem and suggesting life is an iteratively optimized feature of cosmic evolution rather than a contingent chemical accident
Marxist Critique of Trade Unionism in Colonial Africa: Nigerian Experience
No full textThe central theme of this study was to critically examine the nature, origin, role and development of the social movement and institution of trade unionism in colonial Africa from the Marxian perspective. It determined the question whether the role Marxism proposed for unionism had been accomplished and whether it was applicable to colonial Nigeria and by extension, Africa. This study adopted the doctrinal method. It critically analyzed the views of text writers and colonial officials. It examined colonial records and events involving governments, unionists and unionism. It found and held the view that trade union developed with the rise of industrialization but that political unionism was the genre that suited its analysis and critique as against the enterprise or the business union in colonial Africa. The study concluded that trade unionism played a crucial role in the industrial relations atmosphere of colonial Africa and the agitations and struggles leading to the independence of African states including Nigeria
Advanced Thermo-Exergo-Economic Optimization of Regenerative Dual-Turbine Gas Turbine Cycles under Tropical Operating Conditions
No full textGas turbine power plants operating in tropical regions experience persistent performance degradation due to high ambient temperatures, increased compressor work, and intensified thermodynamic irreversibilities, collectively reducing efficiency and increasing operating costs. While conventional energy-based analyses indicate that cycle modifications can enhance performance, they do not adequately identify the sources of inefficiency or their economic consequences. This study presents a comprehensive thermos-exergo-economic optimization of a real industrial gas turbine power plant operating under sustained tropical conditions. Five years of operational data from the Omotosho gas turbine power plant in Nigeria were used to develop and validate detailed ASPEN HYSYS models for a conventional Brayton cycle and three advanced retrofit configurations incorporating inlet air cooling, regeneration, heat- recovery steam generation, steam injection, dual combustion chambers, and staged turbine expansion. Component-level exergy and exergoeconomic analyses were conducted, followed by multi-objective optimization using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) to maximize exergetic efficiency and minimize the cost of exergy destruction. The results show that the configuration combining inlet air cooling, regeneration, steam injection, and dual turbine expansion achieves the lowest exergy destruction and the highest exergetic efficiency, improving second-law efficiency by more than 40% relative to the conventional cycle. A well-defined Pareto-optimal operating region with exergetic efficiencies above 45% is identified without excessive economic penalties, providing practical guidance for gas turbine retrofits in hot-climate power systems
Study of the Antagonistic Effect of Bacteria Isolated from the Left and Right Wings of Houseflies
No full textSixty houseflies (Musca domestica) were collected from the city of Hilla and from different locations (Al- Karama, Al-Akramin) between February and March 2025. The highest number of bacteria isolated from the fly's body was found at 5.60 ˟ 103 colonies/cm3, compared to 2.5 ˟ 103 and 3.42 ˟ 103, respectively, on the right and left wings. The following bacteria were isolated from the right wing: Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomones aeruginosa , Proteus vulgaris , Escherichia coli , Shigella , Klebsiella , Alternaria alternata , Aspergillu’s fumigates. From the left wing, only three types of bacteria were isolated: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella. A type of yeast, Saccharomyces servishiae, was also isolated. The bacteria isolated from both wings (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) showed heterogeneous antimicrobial activity against isolates from the same wing and the opposite wing. Similarly, the two isolates belonging to Klebsiella and Shigella showed activity against most of the species studied
A Hybrid AHP–WSM–TOPSIS Decision Framework for Optimal Gas Turbine Retrofit Selection under Conflicting Thermo-Economic Objectives
No full textGas turbine retrofit planning involves complex trade-offs among thermodynamic performance, economic viability, and environmental impact, given conflicting objectives. Conventional retrofit studies often emphasize isolated performance indicators or rely on deterministic decision frameworks, limiting their applicability to real-world investment and operational planning. This study presents an integrated thermo-economic and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework for optimal selection of gas turbine retrofits, using the Omotosho gas turbine power plant as a real-world case study. Three advanced retrofit configurations—incorporating inlet air cooling, exhaust gas regeneration, heat- recovery steam generation (HRSG)-based steam injection, additional turbine stages, and dual combustion chambers — are modelled and evaluated against the baseline simple-cycle plant. Detailed thermodynamic simulations are performed using ASPEN HYSYS, while long-term economic performance is assessed over a 20-year operating horizon. To address conflicting objectives, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to determine criterion weights, which are integrated into the Weighted Sum Method (WSM) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for retrofit ranking. Results indicate that all retrofit configurations significantly outperform the baseline plant. The MGTP-1 configuration consistently demonstrates superior performance, achieving the highest thermal efficiency (47.44%), the most excellent net power output (157.08 MW), the lowest specific fuel consumption, and the highest net economic benefit. Both WSM and TOPSIS rank MGTP-1 as the optimal retrofit option, with sensitivity analysis confirming its robustness across varying operating conditions. The proposed framework provides a transparent, data-driven decision-support tool for identifying economically viable and environmentally sustainable gas turbine retrofit strategies
Nepal’s Electoral System: Challenges, Democratic Implications, and Reform Priorities
No full textNepal’s transition to a federal democratic republic following the 2006 Comprehensive Peace Agreement and the promulgation of the Constitution of Nepal (2015) marked a critical shift in the country’s electoral governance. Central to this transformation was the adoption of a mixed electoral system combining First- Past-the-Post (FPTP) and Proportional Representation (PR), intended to balance political stability, geographic accountability, and inclusive representation. Drawing on constitutional provisions, electoral laws, official reports, public opinion surveys, and comparative democratic theory, this article provides a systematic analysis of the evolution, structure, and performance of Nepal’s current electoral system. The study finds that while the mixed system has significantly expanded descriptive representation particularly for women and historically marginalized groups it has not translated consistently into substantive representation or stable governance. Persistent party system fragmentation, weak coalition governance, elite dominance in candidate selection, rising electoral costs, and deficiencies in campaign finance regulation continue to undermine democratic accountability and public trust. Moreover, the complexities of federalism have intensified coordination challenges across federal, provincial, and local levels, further complicating electoral administration and governance effectiveness. Based on these findings, the article argues that Nepal’s democratic consolidation depends less on wholesale electoral redesign and more on targeted reforms that strengthen electoral integrity, institutional capacity, internal party democracy, and substantive inclusion. By situating Nepal’s experience within broader comparative insights, the article contributes to ongoing debates on mixed electoral systems in post-conflict and federal democracies and offers a phased reform roadmap to enhance democratic quality, legitimacy, and governance performance in Nepal