Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research
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1022 research outputs found
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Development of Bioprocess Technology for Parasite Control in Aquaculture Commodities
No full textControlling parasites in cultivated commodities is a crucial challenge in the fisheries industry that can impact fish health and production quality. The use of conventional methods such as chemical drugs often results in negative side effects on the environment and human health. Therefore, the development of bioprocess technology offers a more environmentally friendly and sustainable solution for parasite management. In bioprocess technology, probiotic microorganisms are used to enhance fish immune responses, enzymes such as proteases or lipases are used to lower the number of parasites. Additionally, research also focuses on the development of vaccines to target specific parasites, providing a more permanent control alternative. By reducing reliance on synthetic chemicals and minimizing parasite resistance, these technologies enhance the sustainability of aquaculture. The development and application of this bioprocess technology have the potential to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of aquaculture production. Future research could explore the integration of advanced genetic engineering and microbiome manipulation to enhance the precision and efficacy of bioprocess technologies for parasite control in aquaculture
Comparative Study on Induce Breeding of Clarias gariepinus on Growth and Survival Using Synthetic Hormone and Pituitary Extract
No full textAim: To investigate the effects of inducing broodstock with Artificial and Natural hormones on the growth and survival of Clarias garipeinus.
Study Design: Treatments were assigned using complete randomized design.
Place and Duration of the Study: Fish farm complex of Akwa Ibom State University (AKSU), Nigeria.
Methodology: Five (5) broodstock of Clarias gariepinus (3male and 2 females) with mean weight of 2 kg each were selected from Aksu farm for breeding, using Ovaprim and Pituitary extract separately. The fertilized eggs were incubated. Fourteen-day old fry from each of the treatments were counted and stocked at 50 fry/m2 in a 2x 2 x1 m3 culture media in four replicates. Feeding was twice daily at 10 % body weight using Coppens commercial feed for twelve weeks. Water parameters and weekly growth data were observed and recorded.
Results: The result showed no significant difference in all the growth parameters observed in this study. Final mean length and weight 18.8 ± 0.04 cm and 37.89 ± 0.06g were higher with pituitary extract than 14.8 ±0.02 cm and 29.86 ±0.02g respectively from the offspring treated with ovaprim. Offspring from pituitary extract treatment recorded the highest value of weight gain and specific growth rate 3.16 ±1.14(g) and 8.72 ± 1.20 more than the offspring from the broodstock induced with ovaprim with 2.49 ±3.92(g) and 8.44 ±1.06 but shows no significant (p<0.05) difference. Offspring from ovaprim treatment had the least % survival of 68.93 ± 4.46%. While offspring from pituitary extract treatment had higher survival value of 79.60±3.28%. Offspring from pituitary extract recorded 0.25 ± 0.02 value of food conversion ratio (F.G.R) while ovaprim treatment had 0.26±0.03. Offspring from ovaprim hormones had PER value of 12.09 ± 6.36 while pituitary treatment had PER value of 12.43 ± 4.12. The Condition factor (CF) from the ovaprim treatment was 1.46±0.15 higher than 1.44±0.13 obtained from the sample treated with pituitary extract. Statistically, analysis revealed that there was no significant (P<0.05) difference in the specific growth rate (SGR), Food conversion ratio (FCR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and Condition factor of all the treatments. However, the offspring from broodstock induced with P.E had the best food conversion ratio value of 0.25 ± 0.02.
Conclusion: Since pituitary extract can equally compete and perform effectively with ovaprim hormone, due to cost, scarcity, preservative problems and Government policy on import duties, pituitary extract which is readily available is recommended for artificial propagation of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Control of Reproduction in Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) Using Kola acuminata Seeds Powder as Reproduction Inhibitor
No full textBackground and Objective: The use of synthetic chemicals in the production of food for human consumption has been condemned by many nations, due to their potential health and environmental hazards. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of Kola acuminata (K. acuminata) seed powder on the reproductive performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) through gonadal sterilization.
Materials and Methods: Over 60-days at Ongot Fish Farm, 240 juveniles (average weight 16±5.5g) were randomly assigned to four experimental treatments, each with three replicates. The treatments included different dietary levels of K. acuminata seed powder: T1 (0% K. acuminata), T2 (10% K. acuminata), T3 (15% K. acuminata), and T4 (20% K. acuminata). A 35.5% iso-protein feed was formulated using an Excel spreadsheet, and the fish were housed in hapas within a 302 m² pond. Key parameters such as water quality, fish growth, reproductive metrics, and histopathological changes were monitored throughout the study.
Results: Results showed that water quality remained within acceptable ranges throughout the study. The administration of K. acuminata seed powder did not significantly (p > 0.05) affect the fish\u27s weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, survival rate, or condition factor. A negative correlation was found between ovary weight and individual fish weight (R = -0.87; p ≤ 0.05). Fish fed K. acuminata diets exhibited significant reductions in egg diameter, wet weight, and volume (p < 0.05). Moreover, the spawning percentage was lower in fish fed K. acuminata, and histological changes in the ovaries, such as vacuoles in the ooplasm and pyknotic nuclei in granulosa cells, were observed (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of K. acuminata seed powder affected the growth, reproductive performance, and ovarian histology of Nile tilapia, likely due to the presence of alkaloids and flavonoids. Based on the findings, it is recommended that farmers considering K. acuminata for breeding control limit its inclusion to a maximum of 20% K. acuminata powder per kg of feed
Effects of Dietary Menadione Sodium Bisulphite (Vitamin K3) on Growth Performance, Flesh Quality, Intestinal Morphology of Juvenile Gnathanodon speciosus
No full textThe golden trevally (Gnathanodon speciosus) is a promising choice for aquaculture due to its quick growth, high market value, and exquisite flavour. Identifying strategies to optimise production through growth promotion is essential in golden trevally aquaculture. The benefits of vitamin K for fish remain contentious. It benefits certain fish but not others. Furthermore, the impact of vitamin K on golden trevally remains unexplored. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of vitamin K on the golden trevally, G. speciosus (starting weight 5.43 g ± 0.21). Three concentrations of vitamin K (10, 20 and 40 mg kg⁻¹ diet) were added to the basal diet (control diet). We administered four dietary treatments, each with three duplicates, to the fish over a period of eight weeks. The growth performance, as well as the protein and fat content in muscle, was assessed. At the conclusion of the feeding trial (week 8), the addition of vitamin K to a golden trevally diet led to a statistically significant enhancement in growth (P < 0.05). The survival rate of fish consuming diet vitamin K were not significantly different from the control group. Moreover, the protein and fat content in the flesh of golden trevally dramatically increased with elevated vitamin levels in their meals. To ensure optimal growth and survival, it is advisable to augment the diet of golden trevally with a minimum of a specific amount of 20 mg vitamin K per kilogram. In summary, dietary supplementation with vitamin K enhances growth, survival, and body composition in juvenile specimens of this species. This experiment is the first study on the benefits of vitamin K for golden trevally and deserves examination; however, researchers should conduct further studies on physiological impacts and stress resilience
Feeding Pattern of the Purple-spotted Bigeye (Priacanthus tayenus Ricardson, 1846) Based on Otolith Analysis in the Makassar Strait, Indonesia
No full textPurple-spotted bigeye is a demersal fish that has high economic value so that it is intensively utilized by coastal communities using various fishing gear. This study aims to analyze the diet of purple-spotted bigeye (Priacanthus tayenus) through the identification of otolith types found in the stomach. Otoliths as hard structures that are resistant to digestion and have unique morphology between species are used as taxonomic indicators to reconstruct prey types. Purple-spotted bigeye fish samples were collected from the waters of the Makassar Strait, and their stomach contents were analyzed morphologically using a descriptive and comparative approach to the otolith reference collection. The stomach samples of purple-spotted bigeye observed were 45 pieces according to the number of fish dissected. The results showed that the types of otoliths found were 16 pieces consisting of sagitta, lapillus and asteriscus types. The variety of otolith types comes from 11 families, namely Mullidae, Ariidae, Apogonidae, Cynoglossidae, Moringuidae, Plotosidae, Synodontidae, Cynoglossidae, Ambassidae and Leiognathidae. The diversity of otoliths found reflects the flexibility of purple-spotted bigeye eating to the composition of prey available in its habitat. This finding shows that otolith analysis in the stomach can be used as an effective approach to identify predator feeding ecology. Sagitta type otoliths were found more than other types of otoliths, while food was dominated by the Mullidae family
Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Water Column, Sediments, and Tissues of Silver Catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) and Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Collected from Sagbo Koji Riverine Community, Lagos Island, Southwest Nigeria
No full textThis study investigates the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in two commercially important fish species, Silver Catfish (C. nigrodigitatus) and Nile Tilapia (O. niloticus), as well as in the water and sediment of Sagbo Koji, a riverine community within Lagos Island, Nigeria. Samples of water, sediment, and fish tissues were collected from three stations over an eight-week period. Concentrations of nine heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cd, and Co) were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (IC-OES). Results revealed that most metals exceeded WHO/FEPA permissible limits in fish tissues, water, and sediments. C. nigrodigitatus accumulated higher levels of metals compared to O. niloticus, with Fe and Zn being the most abundant in both species. Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) analysis showed significant uptake of metals from both water and sediment, with Fe and Pb displaying the highest BCFs. The findings underscore the ecological and public health risks posed by anthropogenic pollution in the area and highlight the need for improved environmental monitoring and regulation
Population Dynamics of Labeo senegalensis (Valenciennes, 1842) from Roseries Reservoir
No full textFishery stock assessments and management provide valuable insights into various aspects, including fish growth patterns, recruitment, mortality rates, exploitation rates, and stock biomass. This study estimated the population dynamics parameters of Labeo senegalensis using FiSAT II software and analyzed length-frequency data collected from four sites in the Roseries Reservoir, Sudan. The von Bertalanffy growth model was applied to analyze growth patterns. Key parameters include asymptotic length L∞ and growth coefficient K derived from the von Bertalanffy growth function. The relative yield per recruit (Y/R) and relative biomass per recruit (B\u27/R) were calculated as exploitation functions to determine biological reference points. The exploitation rates at the maximum exploitation rate (Emax) were derived for 0.1 (E0.1) and 0.5 (E0.5) of the virgin biomass (E0) using the Knife-edge option. Structured virtual population analysis was conducted using FiSAT II software, incorporating parameters such as L∞, K, M, and F. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were determined, with an asymptotic length (L∞) of 54.60 cm and a growth coefficient (K) of 0.260 yr.⁻¹. The recruitment patterns indicated a peak from April to August, coinciding with the rainy season. The annual rates of total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M), and fishing mortality (F) were calculated as 1.06 yr.⁻¹, 0.59 yr.⁻¹, and 0.47 yr.⁻¹, respectively, reflected an exploitation rate (E) of 0.45; while the maximum sustainable exploitation rate (Emax) was identified as 0.5. These findings indicate that Labeo senegalensis in the Roseries Reservoir exceeds the exploitation edge, highlighting the need for reduced fishing pressure to ensure sustainability. Early harvesting practices and gear selectivity pose risks to the long-term sustainability of the population. Implementing size limits, seasonal closures, and effort regulations may enhance yield while safeguarding the stock
Population Dynamics of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus, 1758) from Roseries Reservoir, Sudan
No full textGrowth parameters are essential data points that can indicate the status of fisheries management and the extent of their exploitation. Fish growth parameters can be determined using two primary methods: direct readings from hard structures such as otoliths, spines, or vertebrae, and indirect estimates derived from length distribution data over time. This study investigated the population dynamics of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Roseries Reservoir, analyzing 636 specimens collected monthly from four sites, during January - December 2022. The total length of each fish was measured to the nearest 1.0 mm from the tip of the snout to the end of the upper lobe of the caudal fin (left side) utilizing a standard measuring board. The von Bertalanffy growth model was applied to analyze growth patterns. The total annual instantaneous mortality rate Z was estimated using length-converted catch curves. The relative yield per recruit (Y\u27/R) and relative biomass per recruit (B\u27/R) were calculated as exploitation functions to determine biological reference points. The age at first capture (tc) was determined from the estimated growth parameters (L∞, K, and t0) using the ELEFAN I method. The peak distribution occurred in September. Specimens ranged from 7 to 41.5 cm (TL), averaging 19.428 ± 6.581 cm. The length-weight relationship demonstrated a strong correlation (r = 0.945), indicating a negative allometric growth with a b-value of 2.804. Growth parameters were determined using the von Bertalanffy growth model, with an asymptotic length (L∞) of 45.15 cm, a growth coefficient (K) of 0.310 yr.⁻¹, and a theoretical age at length zero (t0) of -0.321 yr. -1. The growth performance index (Φ\u27) was estimated at 2.801, with a maximum longevity (Tmax) of 9.36 years. Total mortality (Z) was calculated at 1.170 yr.⁻¹, natural mortality (M) at 0.70 yr.⁻¹, and fishing mortality (F) at 0.47 yr.⁻¹, resulting in an exploitation rate (E) of 0.41. O. niloticus exhibited one round of recruitment, peaking from April to August, coinciding with the rainy season, while the length at first capture (Lc) was determined to be 7 cm. The maximum relative yield per recruit (Y/R) was achieved at an exploitation rate (Emax) of 0.499. The estimated total mortality and fishing mortality rates indicate the current fishing pressure faced by O. niloticus, emphasizing the need for effective management practices to ensure sustainability. The achievement of maximum relative yield per recruit at a specific exploitation rate underscores the importance of aligning fishing practices with biological data to optimize yields while preserving the fish population. Overall, this research serves as a foundational reference for future studies on Nile tilapia in Sudan and informs local and federal fisheries management strategies
Sensory Evaluation and Proximate Quality of Smoked Bonytongue Fish (Heterotis niloticus Cuvier, 1829) Treated with Different Seasonings from North Eastern Nigeria
No full textThis study investigated the effects of different seasonings salt (5%), garlic (3%), and ginger (3%) on the sensory and proximate quality of smoked Heterotis niloticus (bonytongue fish) in Northeastern Nigeria. The sensory results showed that Garlic-treated fish had significantly the highest overall acceptability (7.60 ± 0.49), followed by ginger (7.50 ± 0.50), while the control scored the lowest (5.00 ± 0.45). In terms of proximate composition, garlic- and ginger-treated samples had the lowest moisture (28.90% and 28.60%) and lipid content (15.70% and 15.50%), suggesting improved shelf life. Salt-treated samples showed the highest protein content (48.30%), while all treatments had similar ash and crude fiber content. The use of natural seasonings like garlic and ginger in fish smoking not only enhances taste and aroma but also reduces moisture and fat content, improving both quality and shelf stability. It is therefore recommended that fish processors adopt these natural additives in traditional smoking processes. Training programs should be introduced to encourage their use among small- and medium-scale processors, while policy support should promote the use of indigenous spices to reduce reliance on chemical preservatives and improve public health and food security
Evaluating Marketing Strategies and Financial Viability of a Processed Catfish SME in Bekasi Regency of Indonesia
No full textThe purpose of this research was to examine UKM Enza Lele, a small and medium-sized business (SME) that specializes in processed catfish products in Bekasi Regency, Indonesia, in terms of its marketing mix, internal and external strategic considerations, alternative marketing tactics, and financial viability. The study employed a descriptive case study design and was conducted at UKM Enza Lele, Bekasi Regency, West Java, Indonesia, from May to October 2022. Data analysis used SWOT analysis, Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrices, and financial analysis including Revenue–Cost (R/C) ratio and Break-Even Point (BEP) calculations. While secondary data came from literature, reports, and official statistics, primary data came from observation, structured interviews, and questionnaires; purposeful sampling targeted 12 respondents (owner and employees); and accidental sampling involved 20 customers. The study showed that IFE scores for strengths and weaknesses were 1.99 and 0.77, respectively, while EFE scores for opportunities and threats were 1.74 and 1.12, respectively. The strategic matrix position (0.61; 0.31) fell under Quadrant I, indicating an aggressive growth approach, hence the Strength–Opportunity (SO) strategy was recommended. Financial analysis indicated a total income of IDR 78,000,000 and total expenses of IDR 54,600,000, resulting in a profit of IDR 23,400,000. Profitability was confirmed by the R/C ratio of 1.4. UKM Enza Lele holds a strong strategic position and is financially viable. Implementing the SO strategy could optimize internal strengths to capitalize on external opportunities, enhancing competitiveness and supporting sustainable growth