9 research outputs found
Age-Based Comparison of Explosive Strength and Strength Endurance in 9- to 11-Year-Old School Boys
No full textBackground: Physical fitness in children is crucial for health, athletic performance, and obesity prevention. Analyzing age-based differences in key fitness components, such as explosive strength and endurance, can guide the development of effective physical education programs. Study Purpose: This study examined age-based differences in explosive strength and endurance among schoolboys aged 9 to 11 years. Material and Methods: A total of 90 boys, equally distributed across the three age groups, were selected from two schools in Jashore, Bangladesh. The primary criterion measures were explosive strength, assessed through the standing broad jump, and strength endurance, measured by a 30 seconds bent knee sit-up test. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS (version 25), with mean and standard deviation, calculated for each age group. One-way ANOVA followed by a post-hoc LSD test was performed to determine significant differences, with a significance level set at 0.05. Results: Results revealed a significant age-based effect on both performance measures. In the standing broad jump test, 11-year-olds outperformed both 9- and 10-year-olds, showing a mean difference of 22.80 cm compared to 9-year-olds and 19.17 cm compared to 10-year-olds (p = 0.00). Similarly, in the sit-up test, 11-year-olds demonstrated significantly higher endurance than both 9-year-olds (mean difference = 4.07, p = 0.00) and 10-year-olds (mean difference = 4.20, p = 0.00). These findings suggest that explosive strength and strength endurance improve with age among schoolboys in this age range. Conclusions: The study underscores the importance of considering age when assessing physical performance in youth and highlights the potential influence of age-related development on explosive strength and endurance capabilities
Comparing Speed Progression in Pre-Adolescent Girls: A Developmental Analysis
No full textBackground: Speed progression in pre-adolescent girls highlights physical development during late childhood, characterized by growth in motor skills, strength, and coordination. Sprint performance varies with age, yet little research exists on sprint abilities in school girls from rural Bangladesh. Study Purpose: This study aimed to assess sprint performance differences among 9-, 10-, and 11-year-old schoolgirls from rural areas in Jashore, Bangladesh, to understand age-related progression in short-distance speed. Materials and Methods: Sixty school girls participated in the study, with 20 in each age group: 9, 10, and 11 years. Speed was assessed through 10m and 50m sprint tests under dry, low-wind conditions, with a digital stopwatch capturing times at the 10m and 50m marks. Each participant completed two trials, and the best times were recorded. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were computed for each group. A one-way ANOVA followed by an LSD post hoc test evaluated significant differences in sprint performance across age groups at a 0.05 significance level. Results: The 10m sprint showed significant differences among age groups F(2, 57) = 5.06, p = 0.01. Post hoc analysis revealed that 11-year-olds ran significantly faster than 9-year-olds (mean difference = 0.173, p = 0.00), but there were no significant differences between the 9- and 10-year-olds or the 10- and 11-year-olds. For the 50m sprint, no significant differences were found among age groups F(2, 57) = 1.79, p = 0.18. Conclusions: The findings indicate an age-related improvement in short-distance sprint ability, with significant gains evident between ages 9 and 11 over 10m but not 50m. These insights are valuable for developing age-appropriate training programs aimed at enhancing speed in young girls from rural backgrounds
Assessment of Physical Coordination and Speed Development in Girls during Puberty
No full textSpeed and balance are interconnected and crucial in a child's daily activities. While both develop over time, balance improves steadily with age, whereas speed increases at a slower rate. This study assessed the static balance and sprint ability of school-going girls to examine age-related changes in these attributes. Hundred girls (N=100) aged 8–12 from rural Jashore, Bangladesh, participated, with 20 girls (n=20) in each age group. Static balance was evaluated by having participants place their hands on their hips and their non-supporting foot against the inner knee, with timing starting at heel lift and stopping upon form break. Sprint speed was assessed at 10m and 50m distances. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, LSD post hoc tests, and correlation analysis were conducted, with significance set at p <0.05. One-way ANOVA revealed significant age-related differences in static balance and 10m sprint times, F(4, 95) = 3.069, p = 0.009, and F(4, 95) = 6.833, p = 0.001, respectively, but not for the 50m sprint. LSD post hoc tests indicated that younger children (8–9 years) performed worse than older ones (10–12 years) in static balance and 10m sprint, while no significant differences were found among older groups. Static balance showed a negative correlation with 10m sprint (p < 0.01), whereas the 10m sprint had a weak positive correlation with the 50m sprint (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that while age significantly impacts balance and short-distance speed, it does not influence longer sprint performance
Synthesis, Characterization and Bioactivity Study of Bidentate NS Schiff Base of S-Benzyl Dithiocarbazate and its Zn(II) and Pd(II) Complexes
No full textDesign, synthesis and X‐ray structural studies of novel [acetonitrile‐benzyl‐3‐N‐(2, 4 dihydroxyphenylmethylene) hydrazinecarbodithioato‐κ3‐N′, S, O] nickel(ll) complex that potently inhibit cell proliferation through regulation of apoptosis related genes
No full textSynthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of a bidentate NS Schiff base of <i>S</i>-benzyl dithiocarbazate and its divalent complexes
No full textThe reaction of S-benzyl dithiocarbazate (SBDTC) with 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde afforded a bidentate NS Schiff base 1 (benzyl-3-N-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenylmethylenehydrazine carbodithioate), which on further reaction with M(II) (where M(II) = nickel(II), zinc(II), palladium(II) and copper(II)) in ethanol under reflux yielded bis-chelated inner complexes [ML2] 2–5 with deprotonated L. The ligand and its complexes were characterized by physicochemical techniques, viz., molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurement, IR, NMR, UV–Vis and mass spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structures of 1 and 5 were also determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure analysis showed that the ligand exists in its thione tautomeric form. In the complexes, each of the two deprotonated ligands chelated the metal ions through the β-nitrogen and the thione sulfur forming five-membered rings. The copper(II) complex (5) exhibited a square-planar geometry, where the two N2S2 chromophores are arranged trans. All the compounds showed strong antibacterial activity against S.-β-hemolyticus, Klebsiella pneumoni, and Escherichia coli. The compounds also showed strong antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Candida albicans with the exception of the palladium(II) complex (4) which showed no activity, while all the compounds showed no activity against Fusarium vasinfectum.</p
Growth performance of rice genotypes at the seedling stage under different salinity stresses
No full textBackground: Worldwide coastal rice growing areas are severely affected by salinity which has become a major constraint to rice production. Salinity is a serious soil problem in rice-growing countries, severely limiting global rice production. Methods: In this study, the seedlings of 21 rice genotypes were tested against seven different levels of salinity concentrations (0.3, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 dSm-1) under a hydroponic system in a glasshouse condition at Field 10, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Data on seedling growth and salinity injury of the tested rice genotypes were recorded. Result: The results showed that Pokkali, FL478 and Binadhan-10 were tolerant at 12 dSm-1; BRRI dhan73, BRRI dhan61, Binadhan-8, BRRI dhan67 and BRRI dhan47 were tolerant at 10 dSm-1; Putra-1 were moderately tolerant at 8 dSm-1 and MR263, MR284, MR211 and MRQ74 were tolerant at 4 dSm-1 and rest of the genotypes were salt susceptible. The lower amount of Na: K and Na: Ca were measured from rice genotypes, Pokkali and FL478 at maximum salinity levels. The promising rice genotypes that were tolerant at 12 dSm-1 would be taken into consideration for a hybridization program to develop a new salt-tolerant rice variety
Shigella Detection and Molecular Serotyping With a Customized TaqMan Array Card in the Enterics for Global Health (EFGH): Shigella Surveillance Study
No full textBackground. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting ipaH has been proven to be highly efficient in detecting Shigella in clinical samples compared to culture-based methods, which underestimate Shigella burden by 2- to 3-fold. qPCR assays have also been developed for Shigella speciation and serotyping, which is critical for both vaccine development and evaluation. Methods. The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study will utilize a customized real-time PCR–based TaqMan Array Card (TAC) interrogating 82 targets, for the detection and differentiation of Shigella spp, Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri serotypes, other diarrhea-associated enteropathogens, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Total nucleic acid will be extracted from rectal swabs or stool samples, and assayed on TAC. Quantitative analysis will be performed to determine the likely attribution of Shigella and other particular etiologies of diarrhea using the quantification cycle cutoffs derived from previous studies. The qPCR results will be compared to conventional culture, serotyping, and phenotypic susceptibility approaches in EFGH. Conclusions. TAC enables simultaneous detection of diarrheal etiologies, the principal pathogen subtypes, and AMR genes. The high sensitivity of the assay enables more accurate estimation of Shigella-attributed disease burden, which is critical to informing policy and in the design of future clinical trials
