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কুরআনে তাওহিদুর রুবূবিয়্যাহ
No full textসাধারণত তাওহিদুর রুবূবিয়্যাহর ব্যাপারে সঠিক ধারণার ক্ষেত্রে মানুষ বেশি ভ্রান্তির শিকার হয়।ফলশ্রæতিতে তারা তাওহিদুল উলূহিয়্যায়ও ভুল করে এবং শিরকে লিপ্ত হয়। কেননা রবের যে ব্যাপক অর্থ তাসে সহজে উপলব্ধি করতে পারে না। তাই কোনো কোনো অর্থ সে অকপটে মেনে নেয়। আবার কোনোকোনোটি নিজের অজান্তেই অস্বীকার করে বসে। কুরআনে তাই তাওহিদুর রুবূবিয়্যাহর বিভিন্ন দিক নিয়েব্যাপক আলোচনা করা হয়েছে এবং রসুলগণকে তাওহিদুল উলূহিয়্যার সংশোধনে নিয়োজিত করা হয়েছে।কুরআনের সর্বপ্রথম এবং সর্বশেষ সুরা দু’টোতেই রব শব্দের উল্লেখ রয়েছে। প্রথম সুরায় ‘রাব্বুল আলামীন’)العاملني رب )আর শেষ সুরায় ‘রাব্বুন্ নাস’ )الناس رب )এর আলোচনা হয়েছে। এছাড়া কুরআনের বিভিন্ন সুরায়‘রাব্ব’ )رب )শব্দটির ব্যবহার পরিলক্ষিত হয়। মানুষের রূহগুলোর সৃষ্টির পর আল্লাহ তাদের নিকট থেকে যেঅঙ্গীকার নিয়েছিলেন তাতেও রব হিসেবেই স্বীকৃতি আদায় করা হয়েছে। আল্লাহ হলেন সকল সৃষ্টিজগতেরএকমাত্র স্রষ্টা, রিজিকদাতা ও পথপ্রদর্শক। জীবন ও মৃত্যুর তিনিই একমাত্র মালিক। আর তাওহিদুররুবূবিয়্যাহর অর্থও হলো আল্লাহ তায়ালাকে তাঁর সকল কাজের ক্ষেত্রে একক বলে মেনে নেয়া। তাই মানুষেরবিবেক-বুদ্ধি ও স্বভাব চরিত্রের সাথে মিল রেখে তাদের কাছে যেন সর্বোতভাবে গ্রহণযোগ্য হয় এমনভাবেইকুরআনে তাওহিদুর রুবূবিয়্যাহ প্রসঙ্গে আলোকপাত করা হয়েছে এবং নবি-রসুলগণকে দিয়ে বার বারতাওহিদুল উলূহিয়্যার দাওয়াত প্রদান করা হয়েছে
Building an Interconnected Energy system
No full textIntegrating the building energy systems can bring numerous benefits for all the individual users and the entire energy ecosystem. Electric vehicles have become an easy way to get around. They are also valuable energy reserves
Power Management for Distributed Generators Integrated System
No full textThe integration of distributed generation systems, including intermittent solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind, has a significant impact on the power system [...
Algorithms for the Problems of Length-Constrained Heaviest Segments
No full textWe present algorithms for length-constrained maximum sum segment and maximum density segment problems, in particular, and the problem of finding length-constrained heaviest segments, in general, for a sequence of real numbers. Given a sequence of n real numbers and two real parameters L and U (L 6 U), the maximum sum segment problem is to find a consecutive subsequence, called a segment, of length at least L and at most U such that the sum of the numbers in the subsequence is maximum. The maximum density segment problem is to find a segment of length at least L and at most U such that the density of the numbers in the subsequence is the maximum. For the first problem with non-uniform width there is an algorithm with time and space complexities in O(n). We present an algorithm with time complexity in O(n) and space complexity in O(U). For the second problem with non-uniform width there is a combinatorial solution with time complexity in O(n) and space complexity in O(U). We present a simple geometric algorith
Access to ecosystem services: Riverside informal settlement dwellers' perception in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh
No full textThis study focuses on the most river-dependent community in a riverbank city, riverside informal settlement dwellers, who need access to ecosystem services to earn livelihoods. Most urban planning strategies do not consider their use and expectations of open and green spaces, and socio-ecological research on this aspect is limited. Thus, in this research, based on face-to-face in-depth interviews with 79 riverside informal settlement dwellers from three informal settlements in Rajshahi, Bangladesh, we qualitatively reflect on their perceptions of the importance of the ecosystem services provided by the river landscape for their everyday lives and livelihoods. The research findings indicate that informal settlementdwellers value rivers for enabling their life by providing food, water, cool breeze, shades from trees, recreation, social connection, mental satisfaction, and aesthetics. Besides, they also acknowledged the economic benefits of the river landscape. In several cases, urban development has led to gentrification by limiting informal settlement dwellers access to riverside open and green spaces. Riverside informal settlement dwellers remain largely excluded in urban ecological planning, even though they are among the groups most impacted by the scarcity of open and green spaces at the riverside. The findings of this study will help urban planners, socio-ecological researchers, and landscape designers to focus on urban river management strategies from the perspective of its bank informal settlement dwellers for inclusive and sustainable urban development
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Representation of Africa in post-colonial Anglophone writings: V. S. Naipaul, Chinua Achebe and J. M. Coetzee
No full textThis thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in English, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (page 82-87).Post-colonialism and post-modernism are literary movements that can be viewed together. In this context post-colonial Anglo-phone literature about Africa is written from different points of view by post-colonial writers like Chinua Achebe, V. S. Naipaul and J. M. Coetzee. All of them represent Africa as a hybrid and complex society. Their treatment of Africa is different from each other. Naipaul carries on traditional orientalist discourse while Achebe propagates a counter discourse in representing Africa. In both writers periphery becomes the focus of their representation; however they portray different concepts of Africa. J. M. Coetzee opens a new face of representation where he blends post-colonial phenomena with the techniques of post-modern writing. He renounces the authorial point of view to empower the language of narrative, showing that language is autonomous and rather than using it as a means to establish any particular ideology, it is interpreted by the reader to resolve the question of interpretation.Md. Shafiul Alam Khan Chowdhur
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