1,720,984 research outputs found
Toxic Effects of Sapium indicum (Willd.) Fruits on Animal Model
No full textThe present study deals with toxic effects of petroleum ether (40°-60°C) and water-soluble alcoholic extracts of the fruits of Sapium indicum (Willd.) on laboratory animal model. The petroleum ether (40°-60°C) extract administered through intravenous route in mice, and through oral routes in rats exhibited toxic effects. The 24-hr LD50 value of the extract was found as 816.58 µg.kg-1 and 208.93 mg.kg-1 body weight in mice and rats, respectively. On the other hand, the experimental rats treated orally with the water-soluble alcoholic extract exhibited no mortality. The results revealed that the petroleum ether (40°-60°C) extract of the fruit is more toxic than organochlorine compounds having a prospect of using it as an alternative source of bio-pesticides
A Study of the Relationship between Political Institutions and Democratic Amalgamation in Bangladesh
No full textIn almost all political systems political institutions play an important role in promoting democracy and democratization. The political institutions are the groups in a political system that create, enforce, and apply laws for the benefit of the society. They regularly arbitrate conflict, make governmental policies on the local and national economies and socio-political systems, and then offer representation for the people of the country. In general, democratic political systems are divided into two forms: presidential which is headed by a president; and parliamentary which is headed by a parliament. Party systems can be two-party or multiparty and the political parties can be strong or fragile depending on their level of inner harmony. The political institutions are those bodies, parties, parliaments, and heads of government, that create the entire apparatus of the present-day governments. In terms of political system, Bangladesh has been trying to exercise the democratic polity. Its legislature is unicameral where the Prime Minister is the head of government and the President is the head of the state. Besides, it is a developing country with enormous socio-economic and political problems that need to be addressed to reach the goals of millennium development and sustainable development. In this paper the relationship between the political institutions and democratic amalgamation has been discussed. And at the end of the study some policy recommendations have been provided to strengthen the prevailing democratic culture
Adherence to treatment guidelines in a university hospital: Exploration of facts and factors
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to evaluate the adherence to treatment guidelines in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. The study assessed the awareness of prescribers, adherence to treatment guidelines and reasons for non-adherence. A questionnaire survey was conducted followed by a retrospective medical review and in-depth interview. The study revealed that 60.9% of key prescribers are aware of Treatment Guidelines. In pediatric patients, adherence was highest in neonatal sepsis (71.7%) and lowest in bronchial asthma (3.3%) and pneumonia (3.3%). In adult patients, adherence was highest in rheumatoid arthritis (100%) and lowest in bronchial asthma (13.3%). Adherence was 29.5% and 52.7% in pediatric and adult patients respectively and difference was highly significant (p<0.001). The adherence was highest with International Guideline (100%), followed by institutional Guideline (71.7%) and National Guideline (22.5%). There is significant variation in extent of adherence in different age group of patients, diseases and categories of guidelines
Snapshot of the pharmaceutical promotional literature of Bangladesh: A critical review
No full textThe present research was conducted to evaluate the quality of pharmaceutical promotional literature. Indications was mentioned in 88.2% promotional literature and less than half (40.0, 33.9 and 38.9%) of these contains side effects, precautions and contraindications respectively. Among the provided information 67.3%, 16.5%, 19.5% and 24.0% matched with the BDNF/BNF respectively. Scientific articles (73.3%) were cited most followed by commercial online sources (15.5%), data on file (4.2%), regulatory body approval data (2.9%), product monograph (2.7%) and textbook/reference book (1.6%). Only half (50.2%) of these cited references were retrievable and no ‘data on file’ could be retrieved. Though most (73.2%) of the promotional claims were true, 13.7, 5.9, 4.6 and 2.6% were identified as false, exaggerated, ambiguous and controversial respectively. This revelation about the quality of promotional literature might an eye opener for the policy makers. More importantly, this may bring alertness among the physicians during interpretation of pharmaceutical promotion literature
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dynamic online antimicrobial guideline with stewardship program: Impact on antimicrobial prescribing
No full text<p>Dynamic online antimicrobial guideline with stewardship program was attempted in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) to improve the antimicrobial prescribing. The prescribing pattern was evaluated by retrospective prescription audit. Overall 59.4% of admitted patients of four selected departments received antimicrobials. Highest (81.9%) was in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, followed by Surgery (78.5%), Internal Medicine (47.6%) and Pediatrics (46.7%). After launching of guideline, antimicrobial prescribing was significantly reduced in the Department of Internal Medicine (47.6% to 22.2%; p&lt;0.01) and Pediatrics (50.0% to 40.0%; p&lt;0.01). Significant (p&lt;0.05 to p&lt;0.001) change was observed with different antimicrobials in different departments. Consumption of cefixime (8.5 ± 3.7 to 3.9 ± 2.5; p&lt;0.05) and ceftriaxone (6.9 ± 3.4 to 3.1 ± 2.2; p&lt;0.005) was reduced significantly in Internal Medicine. The adherence to guideline was highest in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (91.3%) followed by Pediatrics (86.3%) and Internal Medicine (81.2%).</p></jats:p
Comparative study of hydrochlorothiazide and indapamide on the anti-atherogenic potential of losartan in cholesterol fed rat
No full textThe study was conducted to evaluate the anti-atherogenic potential of losartan and to assess the effects of hydrochlorothiazide and indapamide on losartan activity in rat. Cholesterol diet (0.5%) for 12 weeks led to significant hyperlipidemia, increased body weight and oxidative stress in erythrocyte. While, losartan, hydrochlorothiazide and indapamide treatment continued for next 12 weeks, losartan showed anti-atherogenic activity reflected by hypolipidemic effect and antioxidant effect in erythrocyte. This activity was abolished by addition of hydrochlorothiazide with losartan but remained unaltered by addition of indapamide with losartan. Atherosclerotic change and oxidative stress were not found in rat aorta, which may be due to short duration and low dose of cholesterol feeding. Hydrochlorothiazide treatment was associated with hypokalemia, which was not present in losartan or indapamide treatment. This study suggests that indapamide might be co-administered with losartan conserving the essential anti-atherogenic potential of losartan.Online: 13 July 2010DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v36i1.5447Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2010; 36: 14-19 </jats:p
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