International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Pharmacological evaluation of Barleria Prionitis L. leaves extract for anti-anxiety activity on Wistar rats
No full textExploration of new drugs targeting anxiety treatment is a major concern worldwide. Medicinal plants are being used as a potential source of novel drugs for anxiety disorders. The goal of the current study was to assess the different biological effects of Barleria prionitis L. leaves extract. According to established protocols, Barleria prionitis L. leaves were collected, processed and authanticated. The chemical constituents found in leaf extracts from Barleria prionitis L. were identified, and their acute oral toxicity and anti-anxiety efficacy were assessed in vivo. Testing of extracts for phytochemical components revealed the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, carbs, etc. In terms of gallic acid equals and rutin equivalents, respectively, the total phenolic and flavonoid content of plant extracts was expressed. The findings of investigations on the acute oral toxicity of plant extracts showed median lethal dose (LD50) for rats may be higher than 2000 mg/kg body weight. Accordingly, 100 and 200 mg/kg were determined to be the safe experimental doses. Acetone and ethanolic extract of Barleria prionitis L. showed potent anxiolytic activity confirmed by elevated plus maze method. This study concluded that the extract of Barleria prionitis L. can be used for the anxiety treatment
B Breeding practice and use of medicinal plants against gastrointestinal parasites of small ruminants by the Bwa community in Burkina Faso : Breeding practice and use of medicinal plants against gastrointestinal parasites of small ruminants by the Bwa community in Burkina Faso
No full textThe rearing of small ruminants is widespread in Burkina Faso and is an important source of income for communities. The present study carried out is a contribution to the knowledge of local knowledge and to the valuation of the recipes of the traditional veterinary pharmacopoeia. The aim of the study was to identify the farming practices of small ruminants in the Bwa community and to identify the traditional remedies used against gastrointestinal parasites. It took the form of semi-structured interviews with 121 randomly selected breeders from the community. The results obtained showed that breeders have a good perception of animal pathologies, in particular gastrointestinal strongyloses (31.1%) and, faced with these, 26.45% resort to medicinal plants with an anthelmintic effect. A total of 32 recipes formulated from medicinal plants have been identified, the most used plants of which are Combretum micranthum G. Don (12.5%) and Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) Bruce (12.5%). The main reasons given for the adoption of traditional veterinary medicine were the effectiveness of traditional remedies (40.6%), the high cost of modern drugs (28.1%) and the absence of a veterinary agent at the right time. (18.7%). For a development of these means of management of gastrointestinal parasitosis by the Bwa community, studies to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy and toxicity tests are necessary
Achillea millefolium Linn. A Comprehensive Review of its Unani Description, Therapeutic Potential and Phytochemical Diver
No full textCommonly referred to as yarrow, Achillea millefolium Linn. is an upright perennial plant in the Asteraceae family. It is widely found in temperate regions and has long been used for its therapeutic qualities, especially in Chinese, Native American, European, and Greek traditional medicine. The pharmacological properties of yarrow are well known and include anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, lithotriptic, carminative, and hemostatic actions. The plant\u27s aerial parts are very useful for treating phlegm-related conditions, stimulating the generation of bile, and functioning as a diuretic and bitter digestive tonic. Its abundance of bioactive substances, including flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, and essential oils, is largely responsible for these qualities. In order to lay the groundwork for future study directions, this paper attempts to thoroughly examine the morphology, phytochemistry, and pharmacological characteristics of yarrow
Tulsi in Ayurveda: Scientific Advances Supporting Its Rasayana and Therapeutic Claims
No full textThis review article explores Tulsi [Ocimum sanctum i.e. OS] a revered herb in Hindu tradition, often referred to as "Holy Basil." Valued for its diverse medicinal properties, Tulsi has been cultivated for centuries in India and is integral to Ayurvedic medicine. The herb is distinguished by its two main varieties: Black Tulsi [Krishna Tulsi] and Green Tulsi [Ram Tulsi] both known for their therapeutic efficacy. The document discusses Tulsi\u27s extensive applications in treating various health issues, including respiratory ailments, cardiovascular disorders, and stress- related conditions. Its pharmacological actions are primarily attributed to a rich array of bioactive compounds, such as eugenol, rosmarinic acid, and flavonoids, which contribute to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Additionally, the review highlights Tulsi’s role as an adaptogen, aiding the body in managing stress. Through comprehensive examination of cultivation practices, morphological characteristics, and therapeutic uses, this article underscores Tulsi’s significance not only in traditional medicine but also in modern health practices, prompting interest in its potential as a natural remedy. Overall, Tulsi\u27s remarkable versatility and therapeutic benefits position it as a valuable component in herbal pharmacology, warranting further exploration of its health impacts
Chlorogenic acid-Isolate from White Butterfly (Clerodendrum volubile P. Beauv) Leaf Scavenged Reactive Species and Inhibited α-Glucosidase, α-Amylase, and ACE-1: Pointer to Hypoglycemic and Cardioprotective Potentials
No full textChlorogenic acid is bioactive phenolic compound found in medicinal and nutritional plants, linked to several therapeutic relevance, making it a highly commercialized phenolic compound responsible for the economic relevance of the popular green tea. The white butterfly (Clerodendrum volubile P. Beauv) is an indigenous plant whose leaf is blended to make soup among the Ikale and Ijaw tribes, in Ondo State, Nigeria. The aim of this research is to isolate chlorogenic acid from the white butterfly leaf and determine the antioxidant, hypoglycemic and angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE-1) inhibiting potentials as a rider to further studies on the chlorogenic acid fraction. White butterfly leaf was obtained and 80% ethanol was used to extract crude extract, the crude extract was further subjected to chromatographic screening over a 10 g Sephadex LH-20 column to elute fractions using 80 % ethanol as the mobile phase. The crude extract and the chromatographed fraction were characterized using HPLC. The Chromatographed fraction which is the chlorogenic acid isolate of white butterfly leaf (MLECS) was evaluated using biochemical analyses to determine its antioxidant properties, and inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities, and ACE-1 activity. The characterization of the polyphenolic compounds revealed the presence of chlorogenic acid as the most predominant compound, while quercetin, ellagic acid, salicylic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and caffeic acid are in high amount. The chromatogram of the chlorogenic acid fraction showed a single high peak and the purity level of the chlorogenic acid isolate. The chlorogenic acid isolate demonstrated antioxidant properties, inhibited α-glucosidase, α-amylase and ACE-1 activities in a concentration dependent manner with varying IC50 values. The white butterfly leaf is nutritional and therapeutic with respect to the starch hydrolysis and angiotensin-II anabolism. The predominance of chlorogenic acid could increase the economic value as a commercial source of chlorogenic acid
IN VIVO EFFECT OF TREMA GUINEENSIS LEAVES EXTRACTS ON IRON STATUS DURING INFLAMMATION AND PAIN
No full textThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of raw extracts of Trema guineensis leaves on the iron status during inflammation and pain. Inflammation was induced by carrageenan in the plantar cushion of the right hind leg of the wistar rat. The pain was induced by acetic acid in the abdominal contortion model in wistar rats. The iron concentration during the inflammatory process and pain was determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The quantitative assay of the biomarkers transferrin and ferritin was carried out by the immunoturbidimetric method with the latex particles sensitized by the specific antibodies using a biochemical analyzer called Cobas C-311. The results show that serum iron (25.88 ± 0.52 or 27.51 ± 2.25 µmol/L) and transferrin (1.98 ± 0.02 or 1.79 ± 0.06 g/L) concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.05) when animals with inflammation or pain were treated with the aqueous extract, compared to the control group (NaCl + carrageenan or NaCl + acetic acid). The same observation was made in the hydroethanolic extract whose serum iron and transferrin concentrations were 32.82 ± 0.23 µmol/L and 2.02 ± 0.04 g/L during inflammation and next 30.12 ± 1.58 µmol/L and 1.93 ± 0.09 g/L during pain, respectively. In contrast to the above, ferritin concentrations decreased significantly (p < 0.05) when animals in both states were treated with both Trema guineensis extracts, compared to control (NaCl + carrageenan or NaCl + acetic acid). We can conclude that the input of Trema guineensis leaves corrected the disruption of iron status caused by inflammation and pain
Anti-herpetic activity evaluation of Salvia uliginosa exudate and Icetexone diterpene
No full textHerpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2) is a dermotropic virus. Recent studies indicate that the percentage of HSV-2 infections in Brazil is 11.3%, and it is estimated that approximately 90% of the world\u27s population has a positive serology for one or both viruses. HSV-2 is a sexually transmitted infection that leads to serious problems in individuals with weakened immune systems or those undergoing immunosuppressive treatment. Furthermore, primo-infections or recurrent infections present a high risk of transmission from mother to child during delivery. Existing antiviral treatments are not effective during the latency phase, and some strains are already resistant to the primarily used drug acyclovir. Therapies using plant derivatives have proven effective in the treatment of herpes. Some species of Salvia have already been studied and have demonstrated efficacy against viruses and other microorganisms. Analyses published by our group have demonstrated that Salvia uliginosa exhibits significant activity against Leishmania amazonensis, an intracellular parasite responsible for causing leishmaniasis. Our objective was to evaluate and characterize the possible antiherpetic effects of S. uliginosa against HSV-2 in vitro. S. uliginosa was collected and identified by a botanist. The plant exudate and major compound, the diterpene Icetexone (ICT), were obtained from the Pharmacognosy Laboratory of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. ICT was isolated in the same laboratory via column chromatography using silica gel. The MTT assay was used on the VERO cell line to analyze the cytotoxicity of the extracts and isolated compounds, determining the IC50 and CC50 values. A plaque assay was used to evaluate the virucidal effect of the plant exudate and ICT on HSV-2. These results indicated that the exudate of S. uliginosa has anti-herpetic activity, although ICT does not. Further experiments are required to elucidate the mechanism of action
ANTIAGEING POTENTIALS OF PLANT METABOLITES: A REVIEW
No full textAbstract
Ageing, a medically unsolved mystery, is a multifactorial process that causes cells, tissues, and organisms to gradually lose their functional capacity. Although it is impossible to stop ageing, it is entirely feasible to slow down the rate of ageing. Ageing is a multi-faceted molecular process exacerbated by various molecular pathways and biochemical processes supported by both environmental and genetic factors. These effects are a result of the stressors that accumulate over time as we age, causing biomolecules to become more and more damaged and ultimately compromising cellular homeostasis. Redox imbalance and oxidative stress are intrinsically linked to ageing and ageing-related diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, which have exponentially increased in prevalence. The significance of herbs and herbal products is becoming more widely understood. Due to their extraordinary potential in the treatment and prevention of oxidative stress-related disorders, plants and their botanical preparations have been used for centuries. Each entire plant matrix contains hundreds of biologically active components that promise to positively affect. The use of contemporary scientific methods has recently been used to document the role of herbal medicines, herbal products, and specific phytochemicals in the prevention of ageing. This review focuses on some natural substances that have potent anti-ageing properties and can be used to treat a number of age-related neurological disorders. A number of substances, including phenolics, carotenoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids, may play a significant role as antioxidants and free radical scavengers. These ingredients can be found in fruits, seeds, leaves, or roots.
 
Phytochemical composition and synergistic antimicrobial activities of aqueous and chloroformic extracts of leaves of Newbouldia laevis and Bryophyllum pinnatum
No full textPlants have been a source of food and medicine for mankind since time immemorial. Medicinal plants continues to be a source of treatment to many rural dwellers. World health organization (WHO) is advocating for complete integration of traditional medicine into mainstream healthcare system. In complementing this approach, several research are conducted to evaluate the safety and potency of these traditional medicines. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition and the synergistic antimicrobial properties of combined extracts of Newbouldia laevis and Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves against S. aureus, K. pneumonia, P. mirabilis, P.aeruginosa and E.coli. Standard and approved methods were employed in the current study. The phytochemicals detected were alkaloids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides and anthraquinones among the aqueous and chloroformic extracts. The highest zone of inhibition at 100mg/mL was 49.23±0.011 against P.mirabilis by Newbouldia laevis and 18.6±0.03 against S.aureus by Bryophyllum pinnatum. Newbouldia laevis leaves aqueous extract had the lowest MIC of 0.78 mg/mL against P. mirabilis and E.coli. The extract-extract interaction demonstrated a lower MIC of 0.39 mg/mL against P.aeruginosa and E.coli for Newbouldia laevis and 0.39 mg/mL against S.aureus by Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves. The combined aqueous extracts showed synergistic effects against S. aureus. Pneumonia, P. aeruginosa and additive effect against P. mirabilis and E. coli. The combined chloroform extracts demonstrated synergistic effects against S. aureus, K. pneumonia, P. mirabilis, P.aeruginosa and additive effect against E.coli. Extract-extract interaction demonstrated effective microbial inhibitions than the separate extracts. This confirm the practice by traditional folks. Further research should exploit the in vivo studies of these combined extracts.
 
Phyto-history of Vijaya extracts for its potential Phytocomponents
Full text linkCannabis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae. The three species of this plant are known which includes Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica and Cannabis ruderalis. Cannabis sativa may be accepted as single individual species, all the three may be treated as subspecies of a single species, Cannabis sativa. The genus is widely accepted as being indigenous to and originating from Central Asia, some consider its origin as South Asia. Cannabis is an annual, dioecious, flowering herb. The leaves are palmately compounded with serrate leaflets. The plants have imperfect flowers, with staminate "male" and pistillate "female" and flowers occurring on separate plants. Many monoecious varieties have also been described, in which individual plants bear both male and female flowers. There are 157 Cannabis species that were differentiated on the basis of genetic, morphological, and chemotaxonomic variations. The terpenoid content will also differ in different species which is the major phytoconstituent that has immense medicinal properties. The genus Cannabis was first classified using the "modern" system of taxonomic nomenclature by Carl Linnaeus in 1753