1,720,988 research outputs found
Alien Registration- Mccormack, Edward J. (Limestone, Aroostook County)
Full text linkhttps://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/34996/thumbnail.jp
Designing and Maintaining Roads to Facilitate Automated Driving
Full text linkAdvanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are common in modern cars. ADAS features such as lane keeping and Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) represent forms of lateral and longitudinal vehicle control, i.e., the basis for automated driving. The sensors and software on which such functionalities depend also determine some of their driving characteristics and abilities. Current road infrastructure has been designed for human drivers. With driving automation becoming commonplace and expected to take on a greater role in transportation, it is time that automated drivers are included as road users and considered in road design and maintenance standards. Automated drivers have, however, not been defined to the extent needed to make this possible. This thesis establishes a unified framework for including automated drivers as new road users and suggests starting points for adapting road design and maintenance to facilitate automated driving. Practical research from laboratory, test site, and real-life settings were performed using available data from ADAS applications for the latter. Based on these examples, suggestions for adaptions to design and maintenance to support automated drivers are presented. Furthermore, how ADAS functionality can be used to monitor the state of road assets is demonstrated.
1. The main findings of this thesis related to including the automated driver as a new road user are:
• Development of a new unified framework for automated and human driving that for the first time includes all driving processes and identifies characteristics of automated drivers based on existing technology.
• Characteristics of automated drivers found to be of special importance to transport engineering are:
– Increased electromagnetic sensitivity range.
– Greater field of view.
– Fundamental differences in cognitive processes.
2. The findings related to geometric road design for automated drivers are:
• Three parameters need to be redefined in the short-term for automated drivers: Eye height, Object height and Reaction time. New definitions of parameters could include replacing Eye height and Object height with new design parameters describing line of sight and object detection by automated drivers.
• A new manual for road design for transportation without human occupants is advised. The following geometric road design parameters can be revised with regards to automated freight transport: Vertical acceleration, Relative vertical speed, Minimum vertical curve radius (sag), Clothoid parameter, and Minimum horizontal curve radius (tunnels).
• The shapes and dynamic properties of vehicles should continue to be monitored for changes including Vehicle height, Vehicle width, Wheel distance, Overhang, Acceleration, Deceleration, and Reaction time.
3. The following findings relate to adaptions to road design for automated users:
• Colors, patterns, and textures can be used to make existing road infrastructure elements such as guardrails, dividers, and road markings gain higher visibility to facilitate automated detection.
• Visibility of traffic control devices in parts of the electromagnetic spectrum beyond the visible light can be used to add information for automated users, e.g., barcode layer in the near-UV for positioning.
• Contrast between road marking and road pavement is more important for camera-based lane detection than measures of retroreflectivity.
• Camera based Lane Departure Warning (LDW) systems appear to be independent of exterior lighting (other than headlights).
• Yellow road markings have higher visibility and contrast to the road surface and snow in color spaces HSL (Hue, Saturation, and Lightness), HSV(Hue, Saturation, and Value), and YUV (luminance, color component U and color component V).
• Yellow road markings can facilitate automated driving in snow better than white markings.
• The type and thickness of road marking may affect successful detection by camera based lane departure warning.
4. The following results of the thesis are related to road maintenance for human and automated users:
• Lane DepartureWarning functionality demonstrates that Advanced Driver Assistance Systems can be used to monitor the state of road markings.
• Lane Departure Warning functionality can be used to identify when conditions such as snow prevent detection of road marking.
• Data from Advanced Driver Assistance Systems can be used to define Operational Design Domains (ODDs) and Infrastructure Support Levels for Automated Driving (ISAD).
This research has established automated drivers as new road users and suggested starting points in processes to adapt road design and maintenance to facilitate automated driving
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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