324 research outputs found
The evolutionary rewiring of ubiquitination targets has reprogrammed the regulation of carbon assimilation in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans
No full textDate of Acceptance: 13/11/2012 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license, which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Correction for Sandai et al., The Evolutionary Rewiring of Ubiquitination Targets Has Reprogrammed the Regulation of Carbon Assimilation in the Pathogenic Yeast Candida albicans published 20-01-2015 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.02489-14Peer reviewe
Body perception disturbance: a contribution to pain in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
No full textIn spite of pain in the CRPS limb, clinical observations show patients pay little attention to, and fail to care for, their affected limb as if it were not part of their body. Literature describes this phenomenon in terms of neurological neglect-like symptoms. This qualitative study sought to explore the nature of the phenomenon with a view to providing insights into central mechanisms and the relationship with pain. Twenty-seven participants who met the IASP CRPS classification were interviewed using qualitative methods to explore feelings and perceptions about their affected body parts. These semi-structured interviews were analysed utilising principles of grounded theory. Participants revealed bizarre perceptions about a part of their body and expressed a desperate desire to amputate this part despite the prospect of further pain and functional loss. A mismatch was experienced between the sensation of the limb and how it looked. Anatomical parts of the CRPS limb were erased in mental representations of the affected area. Pain generated a raised consciousness of the limb yet there was a lack of awareness as to its position. These feelings were about the CRPS limb only as the remaining unaffected body was felt to be normal. Findings suggest that there is a complex interaction between pain, disturbances in body perception and central remapping. Clinically, findings support the use of treatments that target cortical areas, which may reduce body perception disturbance and pain. We propose that body perception disturbance is a more appropriate term than ‘neglect-like’ symptoms to describe this phenomenon
Candida albicans repetitive elements display epigenetic diversity and plasticity
No full textTranscriptionally silent heterochromatin is associated with repetitive DNA. It is poorly understood whether and how heterochromatin differs between different organisms and whether its structure can be remodelled in response to environmental signals. Here, we address this question by analysing the chromatin state associated with DNA repeats in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Our analyses indicate that, contrary to model systems, each type of repetitive element is assembled into a distinct chromatin state. Classical Sir2-dependent hypoacetylated and hypomethylated chromatin is associated with the rDNA locus while telomeric regions are assembled into a weak heterochromatin that is only mildly hypoacetylated and hypomethylated. Major Repeat Sequences, a class of tandem repeats, are assembled into an intermediate chromatin state bearing features of both euchromatin and heterochromatin. Marker gene silencing assays and genome-wide RNA sequencing reveals that C. albicans heterochromatin represses expression of repeat-associated coding and non-coding RNAs. We find that telomeric heterochromatin is dynamic and remodelled upon an environmental change. Weak heterochromatin is associated with telomeres at 30?°C, while robust heterochromatin is assembled over these regions at 39?°C, a temperature mimicking moderate fever in the host. Thus in C. albicans, differential chromatin states controls gene expression and epigenetic plasticity is linked to adaptation
The PKC, HOG and Ca2+ signalling pathways co-ordinately regulate chitin synthesis in Candida albicans
No full textOpen Access via PMC2649417Peer reviewe
The experience of persistent pain in adult cancer survivors: a qualitative evidence synthesis
No full textObjectiveThis qualitative evidence synthesis aimed to identify, review and synthesise qualitative research describing the experience of persistent pain in adult cancer survivors.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted between December 2007 and June 2019. Data synthesis followed Thomas and Harden's (2008) method of thematic synthesis.ResultsFour studies were identified, together incorporating findings from 52 female breast cancer survivors. Six themes were generated as follows: (a) interwoven relationship between experience of cancer and persistent pain, (b) lack of preparedness and support for persistent pain, (c) physical impact of persistent pain, (d) employing coping strategies, (e) emotional experience of persistent pain and (f) conceptualisation of persistent pain.ConclusionsPersistent pain is intrinsically interwoven with women's experiences of cancer. Persistent pain was unexpected, and women did not feel supported. Women need more information about persistent pain after cancer treatment and support with self‐management of pain. Ways to best support cancer survivors with persistent pain need exploration and a review of currently available services is required. More research is needed to understand the experiences of men and other cancer groups
Imobilização de lipase B de Candida antarctica em espuma de poliuretano e aplicação na síntese do éster geranil propionato
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos, 2014.Lipase B de Candida antarctica (CalB) apresenta um papel importante na indústria química e de alimentos. A imobilização desta enzima em um suporte inerte, de baixo custo, que aumente sua estabilidade em diferentes condições de processo, e que permita sua reutilização aparece como uma alternativa aos métodos de imobilização já existentes. Com o objetivo de selecionar o melhor método de interação entre a espuma de poliuretano e a lipase B de Candida antarctica (CalB) para aplicação na síntese do éster geranil propionato, diferentes métodos de imobilização foram estudados: adsorção ao suporte (PU-ADS), incorporação ao suporte (PU), ligação covalente utilizando revestimento por polietilenoimina (PU-PEI), ligação covalente utilizando revestimento por polietilenoimina e tratamento com glutaraldeído (PU-PEI-GA). A espuma utilizada como suporte foi produzida com tolueno diisocianato e poliol poliéter (5:3). A caracterização dos derivados enzimáticos imobilizados foi realizada por densidade aparente, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e análise de Espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (EITF). A atividade enzimática foi medida por hidrólise utilizando p-NPP (p-nitro-fenil-palmitato) como substrato. A enzima livre e os preparados enzimáticos foram avaliados em diferentes pHs (5,0; 7,0 e 9,0) por 24 h, e nas temperaturas de 25, 40, 60 e 80 ºC por 48 h, e os parâmetros cinéticos (Km e Vmáx) foram avaliados. O derivado com mais alta atividade foi obtida com a imobilização pelo método PU (5,52 U/g). Os métodos que se destacaram em relação às estabilidades e aos parâmetros cinéticos foram o PU e PU-ADS. Os derivados obtidos por estes métodos de imobilização foram avaliados durante 60 dias de incubação e na aplicação na síntese do geranil propionato. Foram obtidas10conversões de 83,5% para PU e 95,9% para PU-ADS, em 24 horas de reação, utilizando óleo de citronela e ácido propiônico como substratos.Abstract : Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CalB) has an important role in chemical and food industry. The immobilization of the enzyme on an inert support, low cost, to increase its stability under different process conditions, and allows their reuse is an alternative to existing methods of immobilization. With the aim of selecting the best method to interact polyurethane foam and Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB) to application in the synthesis of geranyl propionate, different methods of Calb immobilization were studied: adsorption (PU-ADS), covalent (using polyethyleneimine) (PU-PEI), ionic exchange (with polyethyleneimine and glutaraldehyde) (PU-PEI-GA) and entrapment (PU). PU foam as support was synthesized using toluene diisocyanate and polyether in a molar ratio 5:3. The characterization of immobilized enzyme derivatives was performed by apparent density, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The enzymatic activity was measured by hydrolysis of p-NPP as substrate. The free enzyme and enzyme preparations were evaluated at different pHs (5.0, 7.0 and 9.0) during 24 h and at temperatures of 25, 40, 60 and 80 °C during 48 h, the kinetic parameters (Km and Vmáx) were evaluated. The highest enzyme activity was obtained in PU (5.52 U/g) method. The methods that stood out compared the stabilities and kinetic parameters were the PU and PU-ADS, so these were evaluated during 60 days of storage and application in the synthesis of geranyl propionate. Conversions of 83.5% and 95.9% for PU and PU-ADS were obtained, at 24h reaction, using citronella oil and propionic acid as substrates
Wherever is my arm? impaired upper limb position accuracy in complex regional pain syndrome
No full textKnowledge of the position of one’s limbs is an essential component of daily function and relies on complex interactions of sensorimotor body schema-related information. Those with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) express difficulty in knowing where their affected limb is positioned. The aim of this study was to determine the degree to which experimental data supported the reported difficulty in limb position sense. A controlled experimental design was used to measure upper limb position accuracy amongst those with CRPS of one arm. Position accuracy was individually measured in both arms and compared to a known target position. Video captured each of 36 trials (half with arm in full view and half with vision obscured). The error in degrees between actual and known targets was determined using video analysis software. The Brief Pain Inventory measured pain. A subjective mental image representation of both upper limbs was documented. The CRPS group had moderate pain intensity and were significantly less accurate in positioning both the affected and unaffected limbs compared to controls (p<0.001). Position accuracy of the CRPS affected limb significantly improved with vision (8.3° in view, 10.7° not in view). Subjective mental representations of the affected limb were visualised as distorted. Evidence of bilateral arm positioning impairments in unilateral arm CRPS suggests that central mechanisms are involved. Cortical reorganisation in regions associated with the body schema (i.e. primary somatosensory and parietal cortices) is proposed as an explanation. The exact relationship between pain and limb position deficits requires further exploration.<br/
Cellular responses of Candida albicans to phagocytosis and the extracellular activities of neutrophils are critical to counteract carbohydrate starvation, oxidative and nitrosative stress
No full textAcknowledgments We thank Alexander Johnson (yhb1D/D), Karl Kuchler (sodD/D mutants), Janet Quinn (hog1D/D, hog1/cap1D/D, trx1D/D) and Peter Staib (ssu1D/D) for providing mutant strains. We acknowledge helpful discussions with our colleagues from the Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms Department, Fungal Septomics and the Microbial Biochemistry and Physiology Research Group at the Hans Kno¨ll Institute (HKI), specially Ilse D. Jacobsen, Duncan Wilson, Sascha Brunke, Lydia Kasper, Franziska Gerwien, Sea´na Duggan, Katrin Haupt, Kerstin Hu¨nniger, and Matthias Brock, as well as from our partners in the FINSysB Network. Author Contributions Conceived and designed the experiments: PM HW IMB AJPB OK BH. Performed the experiments: PM CD HW. Analyzed the data: PM HW IMB AJPB OK BH. Wrote the paper: PM HW OK AJPB BH.Peer reviewe
The Chemical Degradation of Denture Soft Lining Materials: A Study of The Interactions Between Denture Soft Lining Materials And Food Simulating Liquids
No full textPhDDenture soft lining materials are used as a cushion between the hard denture base and
the oral mucosa. Fluid sorption and solubility may contribute to material hardening,
roughening, cracking or tearing, loss of adhesion to the hard denture base or
contamination by extrinsic stains or yeasts. The ideal material is required to have low
fluid uptake, good wettability, retain compliance and surface integrity, and not support
fungal growth. Evaluation of behaviour in the oral environment is difficult and a
number of materials, such as artificial saliva and food simulating liquids, have been
recommended to simulate the environment. The two types of denture soft lining
materials commonly used in clinical practice are methacrylate and silicone based. These
together with an experimental elastomer were evaluated in this study.
Fluid sorption and solubility were determined by immersion of disc specimens in food
simulating fluids (distilled water, 3% acetic acid, 10% ethanol and 50% ethanol) and
artificial saliva at 37±1°C with weighing at set time intervals. Similar experiments were
carried out using liquids representing fatty food constituents with coconut oil and
1113307H. ardness was determined using a Shore A durometer. In order to determine
wettability, contact angle was measured using a computer microscope. The surface
roughness was assessed using a non-contact laser profilometer. Finally, an attempt was
made to identify leachable substances from the materials investigated using a Fourier
transform infrared spectrometer. An additional part of this study was to look at the
adhesion of one yeast species Candida albicans to commercial materials using various
protective coatings to determine their efficacy.
The resultsd emonstratedth at the type of liquid simulating foods or artificial saliva, and
immersion time significantly influenced the behaviour of the commercial denture soft
lining materials and the experimental elastomer during in vitro testing. The two groups
of materials behaviour were different. The two methacrylate-basedd enture soft lining
materials showed marked absorption and solubility which may be associated with the
loss of plasticisers. The two silicone-based denture soft lining materials showed much
less absorption and solubility under the same conditions. The experimental elastomer
showed marked swelling in oils, which was not expected, its chemical structure being
similar to a methacrylate. Shore A hardness remained unchanged during the fluid
immersion with the two silicone-based materials but showed measurable changes with
the two methacrylate-basemd aterials and the experimentale lastomer,I ncreaseds urface
roughness was also demonstrated with the two methacrylate-based materials, and
decreasedc ontact angle was found with the two silicone-basedm aterials. After various
surface treatment, coconut oil reduced Candida albicans adhesion in all cases
The cortical origins of rheumatology pain
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
- …
