66 research outputs found
Prevalence and severity of malnutrition in people living with HIV on chronic haemodialysis in Dar es Salaam.
No full textBACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus is still a global burden more so in sub-Saharan Africa. Chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease are important comorbid conditions that are prevalent in HIV-infected individuals. Patients who are HIV positive and on hemodialysis have triple risk factors for development of malnutrition (i.e. Human immunodeficiency virus, chronic kidney disease, and haemodialysis). Malnutrition greatly impacts these patient’s morbidity and mortality and thus the great need to address this gap which will improve their prognosis. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and severity of malnutrition in people living with HIV on chronic haemodialysis in Dar es Salaam. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional analytic study done at 5 haemodialysis centers in Dar es Salaam between December 2019 and April 2020. The study included all HIV-positive patients on haemodialysis for three months or more. Detailed history was obtained from the patients and their medical record files using a semi structured questionnaire. A validated nutritional screening tool subjective Global assessment-dialysis malnutrition score was used to assess for malnutrition. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS: Total of 56 patients with median age (SD) of 50.0(13.6) years from five haemodialysis centers in Dar es Salaam were enrolled in the study. The years of being HIV positive ranged from 1year to 40 years with a median (SD) of 5(7.4) years. The overall prevalence of malnutrition was 87.5 (49/56), with 85.7 %( 48/5) being mild to moderately malnourished and 1.8 %( 1/56) being severely malnourished. CONCLUSION: The state of malnutrition in people living with HIV on haemodialysis is high, hence, the study has highlighted the burden. Assessment of nutritional status among these patients is of great importance and emphasis should be placed on regular screening and follow-up by health-care team in haemodialysis centers
Furrowed tongue, fatten lip and facial droop
No full textMelkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a rare, neuro-mucocutaneous syndrome characterized by recurrent facial nerve palsy, swelling of the upper lip, and fissured tongue. Young adults in the second and third decades are more predisposed. We report a case of a 23-years old female Chinese who presented with 5 days history of right facial weakness; her second event in one year (first weakness was on the left). On examination, she had right peripheral facial nerve palsy (House-Brackmann stage IV) and, mild swelling of the upper lip (Image-Arrow A). Her tongue revealed two central furrows. The anterior central furrow (Image-Arrow B) measured about 2cm and the posterior one measured about 1.5cm with lateral grooves and few posterior perpendicular furrows measuring about 1-2 mm in depth. Her complete blood count, blood sugar, urine routine, C-reactive protein, serum angiotensin-converting enzyme level was all normal. Her brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed no abnormal signals. She was commenced on oral prednisolone 60mg daily for 5 days, acyclovir 800mg 4 times daily for 5 days, vitamin B capsules and methylcellulose drops to prevent scleritis. She was commenced on physiotherapy with steady clinical improvement. Although fissured tongue is a common clinical condition with a long list of differential diagnosis, the presence of recurrent facia nerve palsy and swollen lip should raise the suspicion of MRS. Other causes of recurrent facial nerve palsy and buccal mucosa involvement like sarcoidosis, system lupus erythematosus, Bechet disease and Crohn disease should be considered
Factors Associated with Mortality Among Hospitalized Adults with COVID-19 Pneumonia at a Private Tertiary Hospital in Tanzania: A Retrospective Cohort Study
No full textNadeem Kassam,1 Eric Aghan,2 Omar Aziz,1 Hanifa Mbithe,1 Kamran Hameed,1 Reena Shah,3 Salim Surani,4 James Orwa,5 Samina Somji1 1Internal Medicine, The Aga Khan Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania & Aga Khan University, Medical College, Dar-es- Salaam, Tanzania; 2Family Medicine, The Aga Khan Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania & Aga Khan University, Medical College, East Africa, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; 3Infectious Disease & Internal Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Medical College, Nairobi, Kenya; 4Pulmonology & Internal Medicine, Texas a&m University, Texas A&M College Station, TX, USA; 5Population Health, Aga Khan University, Medical College, East Africa, Nairobi, KenyaCorrespondence: Nadeem Kassam Email [email protected]: The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused millions of deaths worldwide. There has been paucity of data for hospitalized African patients suffering from COVID-19. This study aimed to identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality in patients suffering from COVID-19 in Tanzania.Methods: This was a single center, retrospective, observational cohort study in adult patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Demographics, clinical pattern, laboratory and radiological investigations associated with increased odds of mortality were analyzed.Results: Of the 157 patients, 107 (68.1%) patients survived and 50 (31.8%) died. Mortality was highest in patients suffering with severe (26%) and critical (68%) forms of the disease. The median age of the cohort was 52 years (IQR 42– 61), majority of patients were male (86%) and of African origin (46%), who presented with fever (69%), cough (62%) and difficulty in breathing (43%). Factors that were associated with mortality among our cohort were advanced age (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03– 1.11), being overweight and obese (OR 9.44, 95% CI 2.71– 41.0), suffering with severe form of the disease (OR 4.77, 95% CI 1.18– 25.0) and being admitted to the HDU and ICU (OR 6.68, 95% CI 2.06– 24.6).Conclusion: The overall in-hospital mortality was 31.8%. Older age, obesity, the severe form of the disease and admission to the ICU and HDU were major risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality.Keywords: COVID-19, factors, hospital, mortality, Tanzani
Synthesis and structural characterization of m-terphenyl Schiff base ligands and their aluminum complexes
No full text2,4,6-Triphenylbenzaldehyde 1 undergoes a condensation reaction with 2-aminophenol to give N-(2′,4′,6′-triphenylbenzylidene)-2-iminophenol (TPIP) 2. The imine 2 can be reduced with NaBH4 in ethanol to form N-(2′,4′,6′-triphenylbenzyl)-2-aminophenol (TPAP) 3. Addition of trimethylaluminum to 2 or 3 results in the formation of the complexes TPIP-AlMe2·AlMe3 (4) or TPAP-AlMe2 (5). Compounds 2, 3, and 4 have been crystallographically characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]Peer reviewedFinal article publishedSchiff basesN,O ligandsaluminumm-terphenylX-ray crystallograph
Monitoring and mapping imperfections in silane-based self-assembled monolayers by chemical amplification
No full textThis paper describes an innovative and simple technique for analyzing defects in silane-based self-assembled monolayers. The assembly of monolayers is a simple method for chemically modifying surfaces, which can be important for resisting chemical attack or adhesion of biomolecules. Measuring the molecular scale properties of monolayers and the reproducibility of their ability to uniformly modify a surface requires tools that provide limits of detection at the level of at least a few atoms per million with specificity to the top couple nanometers of the surface. To achieve this level of sensitivity a new technique is developed that combines spectroscopy and microscopy techniques (particularly atomic force microscopy) with chemical amplification of exposed silicon in self-assembled monolayers of silane molecules. This development is an important achievement for monitoring the quality of monolayers as a function of modifications to the method(s) used to deposit the silane molecules. Techniques presented here could be easily extended to assessing the molecular scale quality of other surface modifications.Peer reviewedFinal article publishe
Influence of Stepwise Increased Organic Loading on Anaerobic Mono-digestion of Dead Fish in Sequencing Batch Reactor Process
No full text© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.Highly nutrient content dead fish (DF) waste can be considered a potentially valuable substrate for the anaerobic digestion (AD) to produce biogas. The effects of stepwise increased organic loading rate (OLR) on the process performance were investigated during mono-digestion of DF waste in anaerobic sequencing batch reactor mode. Two different sets of experiments have been conducted using whole dead fish (RDF) and boneless dead fish (RBDF) and OLR increased in five steps (1.95, 2.39, 2.73, 3.19, and 3.64 g VS/L/days) during the operational period. With the increasing of OLR, the biogas production rate increased by 79.07% and 58.20% at the end of the operation of RDF and RBDF, respectively. Higher alkalinity values throughout the experiment maintained stable pH values in between 7.87 to 8.01 for both RDF and RBDF. Total volatile fatty acids kept accumulating with the increasing OLR and the final concentrations were 7.69 ± 0.16 and 8.33 ± 0.19 g/L in RDF and RBDF, respectively. Overall, decreasing COD and VS removal efficiencies resulted in decreasing methane yields. The energy recovery rate was maintained at > 60% with the maximum OLR of 3.64 g VS/L/d of DF waste demonstrating its feasibility in the AD process as the only carbon source. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].11Nsciescopu
Особливості правової моделі ханафітського мазгабу
No full textСтатья Исмагилова С.В. «Особенности правовой модели
ханафитского мазхаба» исследует возникновение и развитие ханафитского
мазхаба – правовой школы имама Абу Ханифы. В работе автор исследует
источники фикха, феномен возникновения мазхабов и особенности правовой
модели ханафитского мазхаба. В статье подчеркивается, что мазхаб ханафитов
явился результатом научно-правовой деятельносты не только самого Абу
Ханифы, но также и его учеников.
Ключевые слова: ханафитский мазхаб, мусульманское право, иджтихад.The article by Ismagilov S.V. "Features of the jural model of the Hanafi
school of thought" investigates the origin and development of the Hanafi school of
thought - the juridical school of Imam Abu Hanifa. In this paper, the author analyses
the sources of fiqh, the phenomenon of emergence of schools of thought and
peculiarities of the juridical model of the Hanafi school of thought. The paper stresses
that Madh'hab Hanafi is a product of scientific and jural activities not only of Abu
Hanifa, but his disciples also.
Key-words: juridical school of Abu Hanifa, Moslem jury, idgtikhad
Qalandar-name. Chapter 8: “Praises to Four Imams” »
No full textPresented fragment is the next part of the translation of the medieval poetic text “Qalandar-name” written by Abu Bakr Qalandar, the Sufi scholar from Crimea. This Chapter is devoted to praises to four founders of schools of islamic law (madhhab): an-Numan Abu Hanifa, Mukhammad ash-Shafii, Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Malik ibn Anas. Incorrect order of praises of Imams (Ibn Malik is mentioned after other three imams) shows that author of source belongs to Shafii madhhab.
The author mentions the virtues of these imams, making the main emphasis on their knowledge. Reviewing their accomplishments author mentions “hundred usul”, “Mystery of Mohammads soul”, relating to Abu Hanifa. Imam Ibn Hanbal was notable for metapharistic translation of Quran and was called “Imam of faithfuls”(although he was a subject of inquisition by mutazilits for his views on creation of Quran). Malik Ibn Anas “cleaned the house from war and demons”, he was “mujtaheed”; here we give our own rendering of Abu Bakr Qalandar’s assumptions. In this chapter Abu Hanifa is resembled to “mind”, ash-Shafi to “soul”, Ibn Hanbal to “key to perception”, and imam Malik to “revelation” and transition from worldly to spiritual – paring the skin, that was written by many other sufi theorists.
Also Abu Bakr acknowledges the legitimacy of this four ‘mazhabs’, writing that ‘all of us should follow this four imams and their students’, meaning branches (furu’), legal thesis of madhhabs, that were introduced later by their students
PENGARUH ANGKA HARAPAN HIDUP DAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI SUMATERA BARAT PADA TAHUN 2010-2019
No full textEconomic growth has decreased in West Sumatra Province, while life expectancy has fluctuated and in 2017 it increased and for the average length of schooling it increased. Economic growth should have decreased life expectancy and the average length of schooling has also decreased, while in West Sumatra Province in 2010-2019 it was the opposite. The purpose of this discussion is to find out how much life expectancy and education level affect economic growth in West Sumatra in 2010-2019. The type of research that the author uses is a type of field research (Field Research) to obtain data from the problems studied. The data collection technique that the author uses is a documentation technique for the report on Life Expectancy, Average Years of Schooling and Economic Growth of West Sumatra in 2010-2019. Data processing is carried out quantitatively by using the analytical method using Multiple Linear Regression. Based on the results of this study, the province of West Sumatra in 2010-2019 shows that (1) life expectancy and education level partially have a negative influence on economic growth, each at 5.832 for life expectancy and 8.664 for level of education. (2) simultaneously it is clearly proven that the variable life expectancy and education level have a positive effect on economic growth by having a figure of 75,092.Economic growth has decreased in West Sumatra Province, while life expectancy has fluctuated and in 2017 it increased and for the average length of schooling it increased. Economic growth should have decreased life expectancy and the average length of schooling has also decreased, while in West Sumatra Province in 2010-2019 it was the opposite. The purpose of this discussion is to find out how much life expectancy and education level affect economic growth in West Sumatra in 2010-2019. The type of research that the author uses is a type of field research (Field Research) to obtain data from the problems studied. The data collection technique that the author uses is a documentation technique for the report on Life Expectancy, Average Years of Schooling and Economic Growth of West Sumatra in 2010-2019. Data processing is carried out quantitatively by using the analytical method using Multiple Linear Regression. Based on the results of this study, the province of West Sumatra in 2010-2019 shows that (1) life expectancy and education level partially have a negative influence on economic growth, each at 5.832 for life expectancy and 8.664 for level of education. (2) simultaneously it is clearly proven that the variable life expectancy and education level have a positive effect on economic growth by having a figure of 75,092
Особливості правової моделі ханафітського мазгабу
No full textСтатья Исмагилова С.В. «Особенности правовой модели
ханафитского мазхаба» исследует возникновение и развитие ханафитского
мазхаба – правовой школы имама Абу Ханифы. В работе автор исследует
источники фикха, феномен возникновения мазхабов и особенности правовой
модели ханафитского мазхаба. В статье подчеркивается, что мазхаб ханафитов
явился результатом научно-правовой деятельносты не только самого Абу
Ханифы, но также и его учеников.
Ключевые слова: ханафитский мазхаб, мусульманское право, иджтихад.The article by Ismagilov S.V. "Features of the jural model of the Hanafi
school of thought" investigates the origin and development of the Hanafi school of
thought - the juridical school of Imam Abu Hanifa. In this paper, the author analyses
the sources of fiqh, the phenomenon of emergence of schools of thought and
peculiarities of the juridical model of the Hanafi school of thought. The paper stresses
that Madh'hab Hanafi is a product of scientific and jural activities not only of Abu
Hanifa, but his disciples also.
Key-words: juridical school of Abu Hanifa, Moslem jury, idgtikhad
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