1,721,112 research outputs found
Spread and Evolution of the First Harvesting Technologies in the Balkan Area
No full textThe Balkans are key area for understanding the diffusion of the Neolithic into the Central and Western Mediterranean. Farmers rapidly spread, within a few centuries, over a large geographical area, from the Peloponnese to the Vardar and Struma valleys, reaching a few centuries later the northern Balkans. Into these new territories, Neolithic people brought a complex package of ideas, knowledge and technologies, comprising domesticated plants and agricultural practices. In this presentation, we will approach the diffusion of farming through the analysis of the harvesting tools used by the first Neolithic communities. Harvesting tools are an important source of information on agricultural systems, and can provide data on the social, economic and technological organization of the migrating groups. The use-wear analysis of the so-called ‘glossy blades’ allow us to reconstruct the harvesting techniques adopted by the Neolithic farmers that moved into the Balkans. Data obtained from the study of a number of flaked stone assemblages from relevant archaeological sites suggest the existence of strong affinities in the way people harvested the cereals over a large area, from Thessaly to Slavonia. Our results are discussed in the light of the information obtained from previous research on the harvesting technologies of the first farmers in the Central and Western Mediterranean.Peer reviewe
Towards an understanding of retouch flakes: a use-wear blind test on knapped stone microdebitage
No full textThe retouching and resharpening of lithic tools during their production and maintenance leads to the production of large numbers of small flakes and chips known as microdebitage. Standard analytical approaches to this material involves the mapping of microartefact densities to identify activity areas, and the creation of techno-typologies to characterise the form of retouch flakes from different types of tools. Whilst use-wear analysis is a common approach to the analysis of tools, it has been applied much less commonly to microdebitage. This paper contends that the use-wear analysis of microdebitage holds great potential for identifying activity areas on archaeological sites, representing a relatively unexplored analytical resource within microartefact assemblages. In order to test the range of factors that affect the identification of use-wear traces on small retouch flakes, a blind test consisting of 40 retouch flakes was conducted. The results show that wear traces can be identified with comparable levels of accuracy to those reported for historic blind tests of standard lithic tools suggesting that the use-wear analysis of retouch flakes can be a useful analytical tool in understanding site function, and in increasing sample sizes in cases where assemblages contain few tools
Quantitative use-wear analysis of stone tools: Measuring how the intensity of use affects the identification of the worked material
Full text linkThe identification of the use of stone tools through use-wear analysis was one the major methodological advances in Prehistoric Archaeology during the second half of the 20th century. Studies of use-wear analysis have decisively contributed to a better understanding of the cognitive capacities and the socio-economic organization of Prehistoric societies. Among use-wear traces, microwear polish is the most relevant evidence, as it allows the identification of the worked materials (i.e. wood, antler, hide, bone, stone…). This identification is currently carried out through the qualitative and visual comparison of experimental and archaeological tools. During the last decade, confocal microscopy is allowing the quantitative identification of the worked material through the texture analysis of microwear polish. Previous tests have accounted for the variability of use-wear traces as caused by different types of worked material. However, how the intensity of use, which is widely recognized as an important factor conditioning microwear polish characteristics, affects our capacity to identify the worked materials is poorly understood. This research addresses the dynamic nature of microwear polish through confocal microscopy and texture analysis. This research shows that use-wear polishing is a dynamic process and surface texture evolves continuously during the working time. The evolution fits a logarithmic function, so most texture modification takes place during the first phases of work. The way in which polish texture evolves through time differs from one contact material to the other. We demonstrate that, despite the dynamic nature of use-wear polish, different worked materials can be discriminated. However, some overlapping between used and unused surfaces and between worked materials occurs in the first stages of use. Moreover, polishes of similar characteristics (i.e. bone and antler) can show similar texture at advanced stages of use. These problems in identification can be in good measure overcome by creating dynamic models of polish texture in which not only the worked material but also the time of use is considered.This research is part of a Marie Sklodowska Curie Individual Fellowship (Grant Number 792544) (NM). Funding was also provided by the project PID2019-105767GB-I00 (JJI) of the Spanish Ministry of Economy. We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewe
Preistoria Lagunare, una proposta di ricerca archeologica
No full textIl lavoro nasce da una collaborazione con la Soprintendenza archeologica della Laguna di Venezia. Il progetto si focalizza su una ricostruzione tramite metodologie digitali (G.I.S) dell'ambiente territoriale della laguna di Venezia tra il delicato passaggio Mesolitico-Neolitico. I dati saranno messi a confronto con le indagini geologiche e geo-archeologiche effettuate nella zona. Si eseguirà inoltre una attenta analisi negli archivi della soprintendenza per mettere in correlazione i dati disponibili degli scavi archeologici di emergenza con le ricerche di superficie nell'areale peri-lagunare. Saranno analizzati i reperti ritrovati grazie alla collaborazione con il Museo Nazionale e Area Archeologica di Altino e verranno effettuate delle analisi sui nuclei per analizzare la loro provenienza, le tecniche di lavorazione e l'areale di sfruttamento delle risorse grezze
Luoghi della comunità e forme di culto: gli edifici circolari del Neolitico Preceramico A nella Mezzaluna Fertile
No full textIl presente elaborato si pone l’obiettivo di identificare, attraverso un lavoro di ricerca e di analisi dei resti architettonici e della cultura materiale, le evidenze di forme di culto o aggregazione nei contesti domestici a livello locale degli insediamenti Tell Mureybet, Jerf el Ahmar, Tell Aswad, Beidha, Hallan Çemi, Çayönü, Nemrik 9, Zawi Chemi Shanidar
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
L’industria scheggiata in ossidiana di Fornace Cappuccini (Faenza, Italia): aspetti tecno-funzionali e pattern di circolazione nel contesto del Neolitico antico del mediterraneo centrale
No full textL’ossidiana è il materiale più ricercato e una delle principali introduzioni del Neolitico nel mediterraneo centrale. Le industrie in ossidiana dei siti neolitici della penisola italiana sono state studiate per lo più con un approccio tipologico, il mio lavoro di tesi si concentra piuttosto sugli aspetti tecnologici e funzionali a partire dal complesso di Fornace Cappuccini (Neolitico antico, 5300 cal BC, Faenza), indagando le modalità e le destinazioni dello sfruttamento di una materia prima proveniente da almeno 400km dal sito. I dati raccolti vengono messi in rapporto con i dati tecnologici disponibili da siti contemporanei del mediterraneo centrale, con la volontà di una prima modellizzazione del ruolo dei diversi siti nel quadro della circolazione del vetro vulcanico proveniente da fonti di approvvigionamento del territorio italiano.
Obsidian is the most sought-after material and one of the main introductions of the Neolithic in the central Mediterranean. The obsidian assemblages from the Neolithic sites of the Italian peninsula have mostly been studied with a typological approach. My thesis work, instead, focuses on the technological and functional aspects starting from the Fornace Cappuccini complex (Early Neolithic, 5300 cal BC, Faenza), investigating the modalities and purposes of exploiting a raw material that originated at least 400km from the site. The collected data are compared with available technological data from contemporary sites in the central Mediterranean, with the aim of create an initial modeling of the role of the different sites within the framework of the circulation of volcanic glass from the italian sources
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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