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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Correlazione tra struttura chimica ed attività mutagena di derivati del 3-amino-2,1- e 3-amino-1,2-benzisotiazolo
No full textThe Abruzzo-Apulian (Central and Southeastern Italy) fossil fauna, new challenges for paleontologists and paleobiogeographers
Full text linkThe Abruzzo-Apulian Platform was an endemic Neogene paleobioprovince. Its relics can be found at the south-east of the Italian Peninsula. Geological and paleontological traces of this past land crop out both in the central Apennines, Maiella (Scontrone fossiliferous site), as well as in the Gargano Promontory.
The Scontrone paleofauna -Scontrone is placed on the southern borderline of the Abruzzo National Park, Central-Southern Apennine. The bone-bearing sediments are coastaltidal-flat calcarenites stratigraphically dated to the Lower Tortonian. They yielded remains of terrestrial mammals, which include the bizarre ruminant Hoplitomeryx and the giant insectivore Deinogalerix, of a large terrestrial bird, and of large crocodilians and chelonians. At present, Hoplitomeryx, Deinogalerix and the crocodilians represent the elements in common with the Gargano community. The fauna is endemic and quite unbalanced. Six species of Hoplitomeryx have been described until now, but other species are adding to the list as new specimens are being freed from the calcarenites. Deinogalerix seems also represented by more than a single species. No mammal carnivores nor small mammals were found until now.
The Gargano paleofauna - A very diversified endemic fauna is contained in soil deposits (Terre Rosse) that fill an extensive karst system at the north-western slopes of Mount Gargano (Southern Italy). The fossil assemblages include both large and small mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, and are highly unbalanced. The small mammal component is mainly made of rodents, lagomorphs, and insectivores. Larger mammalian taxa are less abundant and are represented by Hoplitomericidae, Deinogalerix. And the sea otter Paralutra garganensis. The fissure fillings have been arranged in a biochronological sequence based on their different faunal composition and evolutionary degree. During the time period documented by the fissure deposits the faunal diversity changed and several taxa underwent significant evolutionary modifications, giving rise to numerous adaptive radiations. Taxa weakly- or non-modified compared to their continental counterparts characterize the oldest assemblages. They likely represent the youngest dispersal phase from the mainland into the insular domain, suggesting a polyphasic origin of the community.Evidence of apparently the oldest faunal settlement in Gargano was found in the recently discovered fissure M013. It contains remains of a new murid, which is manifestly the ancestor of Mikrotia (the endemic and widespread murid of the Terre Rosse), together with those of a new Cricetodontinae, which resembles primitive early Miocene representatives. These occurrences, in addition to the absence of Apodemus and Prolagus, two ubiquitous taxa of the Terre Rosse fillings, confirm that the assemblages are the result of a set of successive bioevents.
The age and paleogeography of Scontrone and Gargano: the Abruzzo-Apulian domain - The Early Tortonian age of the Scontrone fauna is unequivocally proven not only by solid geologic evidence, but also by the Hoplitomeryx representatives, which are comparatively more primitive than their Gargano counterparts. The same might apply to the Deinogalerix specimens from the two localities, but analyses are still under way to check this aspect. The Gargano fissure fillings are tentatively dated to the Late Miocene on the basis of paleontological inferences, namely the occurrence of Apodemus, which is supposed to be not older than MN12 in the European mainland. The Gargano’s younger age possibly reflects the fact that the Gargano palaeo-islands formed stable structural high, while the Scontrone area was involved in the Apennine build-up and gradually sunk. Thus, the faunas from Scontrone and Gargano represent two different time slices within the same bioprovince.
The colonization of the Abruzzo-Apulia domain - The existence, from the Late Oligocene to the Langhian, of a trans-Adriatic structural high between Dalmatia and the Gargano Peninsula, through the present day Tremiti Islands, was ascertained based on the seismostratigraphic analysis of more than 6000 kilometers of reflection seismic profiles from the Adriatic offshore, but also on several tens of deep wells. The major 29-30 Ma global sea-level fall caused the generalized surfacing of this structure across the Adriatic. The trans-Adriatic isthmus was originally in the form of stripe of land. Then, as the sea level turned growing at the transition to the Early Miocene, the structural high likely gave rise to an archipelago of gradually shrinking islands. The isthmus definitively sank at the end of the Langhian, i.e. around 14.8 Ma, and the Abruzzo-Apulian area remained cut off from any near mainland for the next 7 million years. Dalmatia and the Gargano were connected again during the Messinian sea lowstand. Thereafter, the sea level turned gradually to rise again, at first isolating the Abruzzo-Apulian area and then finally submerging it entirely at the very end of the Messinian. The possible ways of colonization used by the Messinian colonizers is still passionately debated. Although many steps have been made in the direction of improving our understanding of the history of the Abruzzo-Apulian Platform and of its faunal communities, yet many issues are still unanswered. Settling these issues will not only give us a better insight into the development of the Abruzzo-Apulian faunas per se, but will also lead us to a better understanding of the geo– and biodynamics of paleoislands in general
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Studies on the antibiotic resistance of Bacillus subtilis strains used in oral bacteriotherapy
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The Miocene land-vertebrate fossil site of Scontrone (Central Apennines, Italy)
No full textIn the early nineties of the last century, a Miocene fossil site
yielding numerous teeth and bones of land mammals, together with
abundant remains of chelonians and crocodiles, was discovered at
the southern border of the Abruzzi National Park (Central Apennines)
near the village of Scontrone. The mammalian fauna of Scontrone
shows close similarities to a fauna discovered in the Gargano
region about twenty years before. The endemic characters of the
Scontrone and Gargano associations suggest the existence of a paleobiogeographic
province isolated from the nearest mainland areas.
The present paper synthesizes the results of a detailed geological
study aimed at defining the stratigraphic position and the depositional
setting of the vertebrate bonebeds. The paper, in addition,
provides some information on the time in which the mammal colonization
took place and on the migration route followed by the new
incomers to reach the Scontrone-Gargano region.
The Scontrone land vertebrates are embedded in coastal-tidal-flat
carbonates locally preserved at the base of the Lithothamnium Limestone,
a Miocene carbonate-ramp depositional unit characterized by a
rich rhodalgal facies widespread in the Central-Southern Apennines
and, more in general, in the whole Mediterranean region. The age of
the base of the Lithothamnium Limestone, and consequently the age of
the Scontrone vertebrate fossil association, is Tortonian, not older than
the N16 Zone after the First Regular Occurrence of Neogloboquadrina
acostaensis (a bioevent astronomically dated at 10.554 Ma). The colonization
of the terrestrial mammals, on the contrary, is much older as
it dates back to the latemost early Oligocene, at 29-30 Ma, when an
important global sea level drop exposed the Apulia Platform and a
part of the Central Adriatic region creating a landbridge that allowed
the terrestrial fauna migration from Dalmatia to Gargano via the
Tremiti Islands. The following marine transgression (maximum flooding
was reached during the Langhian, i.e. between 16.4 and 14.8 Ma)
lead to the isolation of the Apulia Platform and brought about, as a
consequence, a secluded paleobiogeographic province where land vertebrates
endemized, flourished and diversified. The Miocene Scontrone
fossil fauna represents an exceptional case, in the Central Apennines,
of land vertebrate finding related to the occurrence, during Tortonian
times, of a wide coastal plain where tidal flats, ephemeral marshes and
coastal lagoons created favourable conditions for life matched with
optimal conditions for fossilization. Owing to the presence of ravinement
surfaces associated with subsequent transgressive events, sedimentary
records of paralic environments at the base of the Miocene
ramp carbonates are rarely preserved in the Apennines
Biological studies on 2,1-benzisothiazole derivatives. II. Evaluation of antimicrobial and genotoxic properties of bz-nitro-, 3-ethylacetate-, 3-amino- and 3-substitutedamino 2,1-benzisothiazoles
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