130,437 research outputs found
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
Validation and downscaling of Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) soil moisture using ground measurements in the Western Cape, South Africa
No full textSatellite-based remote sensing of soil water content (SWC) is a promising technology for hydrological applications to overcome large spatiotemporal variabilities of SWC. This study investigated the performance of the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) soil moisture product on METOP satellite (~12.5 km and downscaled to ~1 km resolution), against ground measurements of SWC taken with a Hydrosense II probe along transects of 360?820 m on agricultural and natural land at locations in the Western Cape. The ASCAT products estimated fairly accurately seasonal trends of SWC; performance was better on lower slopes (R 2 = 0.66) and uniform vegetation. ASCAT 12.5 km performed better in estimating SWC than the downscaled product (average concordance coefficient = 0.60 and 0.39, and R 2 = 0.84 and 0.74, respectively). ASCAT 12.5 km was more responsive to rainfall events, whilst the downscaled product was more sensitive to vegetation characteristics (normalised difference vegetation index and land surface temperature). In situations with ground measurement networks and data availability constraints, remote sensing could be a feasible alternative to monitor SWC for hydrological applications at the meso-scale (regional scale).Fil: Moller, Jason. University of the Western Cape; SudáfricaFil: Jovanovic, Nebo. CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment; Sudáfrica. University of the Western Cape; SudáfricaFil: García, César Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Bugan, Richard D. H.. CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment; SudáfricaFil: Mazvimavi, Dominic. University of the Western Cape; Sudáfric
An assessment of the contribution of surface and subsurface flows to river flows of the Sandspruit in the Berg River Catchment, South Africa.
No full textMagister Scientiae - MSc (Environ & Water Science)Studies have shown that the primary origin of salinity in river flows of the Sandspruit in the Berg
Catchment located in the Western Cape Province of South Africa was mainly a result of atmospheric
deposition of salts. The salts are transported to rivers through surface runoff and subsurface flow (i.e.
through flow and groundwater flow). The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions of
subsurface and surface flows to the total flows in the Sandspruit, Berg Catchment. Three rain events
were studied. Water samples for two rain events were analysed for environmental tracers ?18O, Silica
or Silicon dioxide (SiO2), Calcium (Ca2+) and Magnesium (Mg2+). Tracers used for two component
hydrograph separation were ?18O and SiO2. The tracers, Ca2+ and Mg2+, revealed inconsistent
contributions of both subsurface flow and surface flow. Two component hydrograph separations
indicated is that groundwater is the dominant contributor to flow, while surface runoff mainly
contributes during the onset of the storm event. Groundwater response to precipitation input indicated
that boreholes near the river have a quicker response than boreholes further away from the river.
Boreholes nearer to the river also indicate higher water levels in response to precipitation, in comparison
to boreholes further from the river
- …
