1,720,958 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA in CD34 positive versus CD34-Negative peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the determinants of IGRA positivity in latent Tuberculosis
No full textA thesis submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training in partial fulfillment of the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Makerere University.Background
Tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), currently used to diagnose latent
tuberculosis infection (LTBI) have low positive predictive values for progression to active tuberculosis
(TB). We explored the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) DNA in peripheral
blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the diagnosis of LTBI and monitoring response to isoniazid preventive
therapy (IPT).
Methodology
In a cross-sectional study (study 1), 121 close contacts of index pulmonary TB patients (59 HIV-negative
and 62 HIV-positive) were recruited to evaluate whether MTBC DNA was detectable in CD34-positive
versus CD34-negative PBMC of the close contacts. The close contacts each donated 100 milliliters (ml) of
whole blood for isolating PBMC using density gradient centrifugation and 4 ml for IGRA testing using the
QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus assay (QFT-Plus). The PBMC were sorted into CD34-positive and CD34-
negative fractions using magnetic activated cell sorting. The hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide
(CTAB) protocol was used to extract the PBMC DNA, from which MTBC DNA was then quantified using
droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR), targeting the MTBC-specific genes IS6110 and rpoB. In
a nested prospective study (study 2), the 62 HIV-infected participants in study one were given IPT for six
months to evaluate whether IPT reduced the proportion with detectable MTBC DNA and the number of
MTBC DNA copies in the CD34-positive and CD34-negative PBMC. The assays described above to detect
MTBC DNA were repeated at the end of six-month of IPT. In another cross sectional study (study 3), 289
close contacts of index pulmonary TB patients were recruited to determine their IGRA status and the
associated socio-demographic and clinical characteristics.
In descriptive analysis, the continuous predictor variables were reported as means with the standard
deviation and the categorical variables as proportions in terms of frequencies and percentages. For the
outcome variable (MTBC DNA copies), the median and interquartile range were used due presence of
outliers. In inferential analysis for studies one and two, the Fisher's exact test was used to compare the
proportions with detected MTBC DNA in the different categories of the predictor variables. The analysis
was performed with Stata/IC 15.0, StataCorp LLC Texas USA. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to
compare MTBC DNA copies for matched samples and the Mann Whitney U test for independent samples.
MacNemars test was used to determine the number of pairs with the outcome at baseline and follow-up.
The analysis was performed with GraphPad Prism 9.1. In study three, the random effect logistic regression
analysis was used to determine the factors associated with a positive IGRA test at both bivariate and
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multivariate logistic regression analysis. The analysis was performed with Stata/IC 15.0, StataCorp LLC
Texas USA. At all levels of comparison, the level of significance was a two tailed P-value < 0.05.
Study results In study one, MTBC DNA was detected in PBMC of 106/119 (89%, 95% CI 0.82-0.94) participants. There
were more participants in whom MTBC DNA was detected in CD34+ vs CD34-negative PBMC (103/119
[87%] vs 59/119 [50%]; p=0.007). More participants had IS6110 detected than rpoB in both CD34-negative
PBMC (57/119 [48%] vs 38/119 [32%]; p<0·0001) and CD34-positive PBMC (101/119 [85%] vs 80/119
[67%]; p<0·0001). The median IS6110 copy number in CD34-negtive PBMC was 0.0 (IQR: 0.0 - 666.7)
copies/hDNA and 825.0 (IQR: 166.7 - 56601.9) copies/hDNA in CD34-positive PBMC while the median
rpoB copy number in CD34-negative PBMC was 0.0 (IQR: 0.0 – 50.0) copies/hDNA and 120.7 (IQR: 0.0 - 4859.1) in the CD34-positive PBMC.
The proportion of participants in whom MTBC DNA was detected in PBMC did not differ between QFT
negative vs QFT-positive individuals (56/113 [50%] vs 57/113 [50%]; p=0·51). The IS6110 copies did not
also differ according to QFT status in either CD34-positive or CD34-negative PBMC. The CD34-negative
PBMC in the QFT-negative had a median IS6110 copy number of 0.0 (IQR: 0.0 - 664.4) vs. 0.0 (IQR: 0.0 - 310.0) copies/hDNA in QFT-positive. The CD34-positive PBMC in the QFT-negative had a median
IS6110 copy number of 1361.1 (IQR: 220.0 - 129315.1) vs. 537.6 (IQR: 115.0 - 3406.4) copies/hDNA in
the QFT-positive. However, more rpoB copies were found in QFT-negative compared to QFT-positive
individuals (P=0.03) in the CD34-positive PBMC [356.9 (IQR: 0.0 - 10609.3) vs. 53.0 (IQR: 0.0 - 400.0)
copies/hDNA] unlike in the CD34-negative PBMC [0.0 (IQR 0.0 - 38.2) copies/hDNA vs. 0.0 (IQR: 0.0 -
34.0) copies/hDNA]. On the other hand, the proportions with detectable MTBC DNA did not differ between HIV-infected vs.
HIV-uninfected participants (56/119 (47%) vs 50/119 (42%), p=0·44). Likewise, the IS6110 and the rpoB
DNA copies did not differ according to HIV status, in either the CD34-positive or CD34-negative PBMC.
The CD34-negative PBMC in HIV-negative had a median IS6110 copy number of 0.0 (IQR: 0.0 - 980.6)
vs. 0.0 (IQR: 0.0 - 270.0) copies/hDNA in the HIV-positive while the CD34-positive PBMC had a median
IS6110 copy number of 1050.0 (IQR: 166.7 - 130000.0) vs. 650.0 (IQR: 172.2 - 28500.0) copies/hDNA
respectively. Similarly, the CD34-negative PBMC in HIV-negative had a median rpoB copy number of 0.0
(IQR: 0.0 - 63.2) vs. 0.0 (IQR: 0.0 – 34.0) copies/hDNA in the HIV-positive while the CD34-positive
PBMC had a median rpoB copy numbers of 123.7 (IQR: 0.0 - 1903.0) vs. 117.6 (IQR: 0.0 - 3150.0)
copies/hDNA respectively. In study two, the proportion with detectable IS6110 copies did not differ between baseline and follow:
CD34-negative, 25/53 vs. 27/53 (p=0.448) and CD34-positive: 43/53 vs. 46/53(P=0.520). Likewise, the
proportions didn’t differ for rpoB: CD34-negative, 36/53 vs. 41/53 (P=0.214) and CD34-positive: 13/53 vs.
25/53 (P=0.345) respectively. Similarly, the baseline and post-IPT IS6110 and rpoB copies were not
different. The CD34-negative PBMC at baseline had a median IS6110 copy number of 0.0 (IQR: 0.0 -
270.0) vs. 21.4 (IQR: 0.0 - 245.1) copies/hDNA post-IPT while the CD34-positive PBMC had a median
IS6110 copy number of 650.0 (IQR: 172.2 - 28500.0) vs. 1179.0 (IQR: 225.0 - 6050.0) copies/hDNA
respectively. The CD34-negative PBMC at baseline had a median rpoB copy number of 0.0 (IQR: 0.0 -
34.0) vs. 0.0 (IQR: 0.0 - 97.8) copies/hDNA post-IPT while the CD34-positive PBMC had a median rpoB
copy number of 117.6 (IQR: 0.0 - 3150.0) vs. 181.3 (IQR: 17.4 - 521.7) copies/hDNA respectively.
In study three, overall, 105/192 (54%, 95% CI 0.48-0.62) participants had a positive QFT Plus result. The
risk of QFT-Plus positivity was independently associated with casual employment/unemployment vs. non
casual employment (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.18, 95% CI 1.01-4.72), family vs. non-family relation to
the index patient (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.33-6.18), living in the same vs. a different house as the index (aOR
3.05, 95% CI 1.28-7.29), a higher body mass index (BMI) (aOR per additional kg/m2 1.09, 95% CI 1.00
1.18) and tobacco smoking vs. not smoking (aOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.00-8.60). HIV infection was not
associated with QFT-Plus positivity (aOR 0.91, 95% CI 0.42-1.96).
Conclusion
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA was detected in PBMC, and the copy number and frequency of
detection were higher in the CD34-postive vs. CD34-negative fraction, making PBMC a potential niche for
MTBC during latent TB. Isoniazid preventive therapy did not decrease the frequency of MTBC DNA
detection nor the copy numbers. IGRA positivity was associated with manual employment, closer contact with the index case, tobacco smoking and increment in BMI.
Recommendations 1. Before detection of M. tuberculosis DNA in PBMC can be adopted as a molecular test for latent TB
infection, prospective studies are required to determine whether a positive test associates with increased
risk of progression to active TB.
2. The above determinant of IGRA positivity may be utilized in identifying groups at risk of latent TB,
which need to be targeted for screening
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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