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Ecoresilienza e benessere umano
No full textIntroduzione
Servizi ecosistemi di produzione primaria (Tito Caffi)
Servizi ecosistemici di regolazione (Nicoleta Suciu)
Risorse genetiche microbiche (Edoardo Puglisi)
Servizi ecosistemici culturali (Stefano Mazza)
Effetti dei cambiamenti ecosistemici sulla salute dell’uomo (Ilaria )
Importanza della biodiversità (Romano De Vivo)
Integrazione dei servizi ecosistemici nei processi decisionali (Maura Calliera
Improved soil fumigants exposure-related data and mitigation measures efficacy of different fumigation strategy and techniques
No full textPressure exerted by soil-borne plant pathogens in some area for certain high value crops is a problem of growing concerns. Several approaches have been considered for their control but the dependance on chemicals products to assure food security (and also food safety) still exist and recently, especially for root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes, this issue is no longer confined to southern areas but is also emerging in some areas of northern Europe.
Fumigation is an activity to control such pathogens, but fumigant products may pose humans and environmental safety concerns and must be properly managed to maintain a sustainable intensification of production. This aspect must also be reconciled with the ambitious goals of the EC objectives.
To balance the importance of the contribution of chemical pesticides to food security and social need of chemical pesticides use reduction required, integrated nematods management strategies, taking into account the mitigation measures considered to reduce exposure risk are fundamental. Within this framework, exposure assessment is a critical component and the lack of EU soil fumigants specific guidance on exposure and risk assessment, has resulted in regulatory uncertainty.
As an example, (i) pesticides applied as soil fumigants are very volatile and FOCUS GW models are not able to simulate adequately the volatilization from the soil surface and (ii) the mitigation measures, that focused on developing fumigation methods using low-permeability tarps, including totally impermeable film (TIF) or (iii) contex specific application technics/strategies, as soil moisture management, that might have a relevant impact on potential exposure need to be considered during the risk assessment and decision making.
In this work improved fumigants exposure-related data and mitigation measures efficacy of different fumigation strategy and techniques are provided to support both the identification of proper models input data both the ongoing national and international strategies for a proper adoption of soil fumigation procedures that might significantly increase fumigant efficacy having potential beneficial effects on fumigant air emissions and breakdown residues, and necessary to reach the level of exposure reduction set at the EU leve
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Integrating environmental and social dimensions with science-based knowledge for a Sustainable Pesticides Management – A project of Lombardy Region in Italy.
Get PDFAchieving a change towards the sustainable use and management of pesticides requires a multi-ple perspective approach that combines traditional knowledge, experience of different local stakeholders, scientific expertise, and context-specific data to provide useful and understandable information for the target farmers. In this paper, the incorporation of the information on environ-mental and social dimensions information into a “science-based” pesticide management practice, is presented as an example of a replicable multidisciplinary approach. This approach depicts the importance of the context -specific scenario analysis and of the involvement of farmers starting from their practices and their knowledge. A diverse range of engagement initiatives have been adopted to consult, inform, and involve the community. Tools as target guidelines of good prac-tices, self-evaluation checklists, and a user-friendly indicator, that considerconsiders social, en-vironmental, and territorial parameters of the specific area, gained largea lot of interest and trust and have proven to be useful in disseminating the methodology of Environmental Risk Assess-mentenvironmental risk assessment to farmers, supporting and assisting them in the comparison of different phytosanitary strategies at farm scale, to identify weaknesses in their current pesti-cide management at farm level and to find corresponding corrective actions. The experience also highlighted the importance of the role of properly trained and informed advisor
The Role of Research, Communication, and Education for a Sustainable Use of Pesticides
No full textSustainable agriculture is not the result of a simple linear, one-way process that goes from the scientific production of knowledge to its production application, but the result of complex “systemic interactions” between different subjects and institutions involved in various ways in the production and dissemination of knowledge and its incorporation into innovative solutions applicable. This is way in the last few years agricultural sustainability and sustainable use of pesticide have been subject of important regulatory interventions and research projects that stimulated a search for new approaches and design systems for knowledge transfer. Innovation and networks have also gained increasing attention for their role in enhancing knowledge and interaction between stakeholders.In this chapter we will focus on:
• the contribute of policy in knowledge enhance and promotion of the adoption of innovation in agriculture,
• lessons learnt from innovative project that considers the diffusion of a culture of prevention and anticipation as the most appropriate tool to tackle the management of risks on health and the environment,
• the importance of communication and social interaction for sharing experiences and transmitting information, and
• the importance of a flexible education system and training tools in supporting a knowledge system perception-oriented, context-specific, more participative that involve different factors and different types of knowledge
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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