3,208 research outputs found
Transport and location effects of a ring road with or without road pricing
No full textMany city authorities consider how to develop long-tem strategies to achieve sustainable transport and land use systems. One of the key issues is the balance between policy measures to increase transport supply and measures to reduce transport demand or to reduce its adverse environmental impact. Some cities grow rapidly. They are often facing increasing congestion problems in their road transport systems. This leads to demand from the citizens or trade and industry for increased road capacity to improve accessibility and to facilitate mobility of people and goods. Such investments alone would not solve the problems, some analysts argue, but would rather induce new car traffic that would keep the congestion more or less at the same level as before. The solution is rather, they claim, to introduce economic instruments such as congestion pricing. Cities are very complex systems. Investments in the road network, or the introduction of congestion pricing, will not only affect the demand for different modes of transport but will also, in the long run, change the location of activities and hence the land use structure of the city. To be able to evaluate such policies appropriately, city and traffic planners need tools that could help them to clarify transport as well as land use effects of different actions. In a long-run perspective they need to be able to analyse the interaction between the transport and land use markets. Will the effects of a policy instrument in the transport market be counteracted or amplified by the relocation of households and workplaces in the land use market? Eliasson and Mattsson (2001) developed a stylised model of a "generic" symmetric city for the simulation of this kind of policies. In the model there are four groups of actors: households, employers, shops and service establish-ments. The households commute to the workplaces and make shopping and service trips by car, public transport or slow mode. In addition, there are road-based goods transport from the workplaces to the shops and service establishments. The different actors locate in the city in response to accessibility factors that are specific to each group of actor. Eliasson and Mattsson (2001) used the model to evaluate transport and land use effects of congestion pricing or a toll ring in the road network. In the present study we extend this analysis to the effects of the introduction of a ring road connecting the innermost suburbs, combined with or without optimal (i.e., marginal cost-based) congestion pricing or a toll ring. The analysis includes the effects on travel time and travel distance by purpose and mode of transport and the effects on the location of households, workplaces, shops and service establishments. A ring road, which is not combined with any economic instrument, will attract activities to the innermost suburbs. Travel by car will increase both in time and distance, while public transport will loose market shares. If the ring road is combined with optimal congestion pricing, this will not change the location pattern very much. The transport effects will be considerable, however. Car traffic volumes will be reduced, and hence congestion and then also car travel times. Part of the car demand will be transferred to public transport and to slow mode that both will increase their shares. If the ring road instead is combined with a toll ring, the location effect depends in an expected way on whether the toll ring is located inside or outside of the ring road. In general, a toll ring has lower car travel reducing effect, and leads to less toll revenues, than an optimal congestion pricing policy. References Eliasson, J. and Mattsson, L.-G. (2001), "Transport and location effects of road pricing: A simulation approach", Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 35: 417-456
Dan Andersson
No full textSpecial feature issue on the Swedish author Dan Andersson, with articles by Anders Hallengren, Nisse Munck, Lars Furuland, Lars Järnemo (2), Gösta Ågren, Inge Mattsson, Arne Säll, and Bure Holmbäck.</p
Transport and location effects of a ring road with or without road pricing
No full textMany city authorities consider how to develop long-tem strategies to achieve sustainable transport and land use systems. One of the key issues is the balance between policy measures to increase transport supply and measures to reduce transport demand or to reduce its adverse environmental impact. Some cities grow rapidly. They are often facing increasing congestion problems in their road transport systems. This leads to demand from the citizens or trade and industry for increased road capacity to improve accessibility and to facilitate mobility of people and goods. Such investments alone would not solve the problems, some analysts argue, but would rather induce new car traffic that would keep the congestion more or less at the same level as before. The solution is rather, they claim, to introduce economic instruments such as congestion pricing. Cities are very complex systems. Investments in the road network, or the introduction of congestion pricing, will not only affect the demand for different modes of transport but will also, in the long run, change the location of activities and hence the land use structure of the city. To be able to evaluate such policies appropriately, city and traffic planners need tools that could help them to clarify transport as well as land use effects of different actions. In a long-run perspective they need to be able to analyse the interaction between the transport and land use markets. Will the effects of a policy instrument in the transport market be counteracted or amplified by the relocation of households and workplaces in the land use market? Eliasson and Mattsson (2001) developed a stylised model of a "generic" symmetric city for the simulation of this kind of policies. In the model there are four groups of actors: households, employers, shops and service establish-ments. The households commute to the workplaces and make shopping and service trips by car, public transport or slow mode. In addition, there are road-based goods transport from the workplaces to the shops and service establishments. The different actors locate in the city in response to accessibility factors that are specific to each group of actor. Eliasson and Mattsson (2001) used the model to evaluate transport and land use effects of congestion pricing or a toll ring in the road network. In the present study we extend this analysis to the effects of the introduction of a ring road connecting the innermost suburbs, combined with or without optimal (i.e., marginal cost-based) congestion pricing or a toll ring. The analysis includes the effects on travel time and travel distance by purpose and mode of transport and the effects on the location of households, workplaces, shops and service establishments. A ring road, which is not combined with any economic instrument, will attract activities to the innermost suburbs. Travel by car will increase both in time and distance, while public transport will loose market shares. If the ring road is combined with optimal congestion pricing, this will not change the location pattern very much. The transport effects will be considerable, however. Car traffic volumes will be reduced, and hence congestion and then also car travel times. Part of the car demand will be transferred to public transport and to slow mode that both will increase their shares. If the ring road instead is combined with a toll ring, the location effect depends in an expected way on whether the toll ring is located inside or outside of the ring road. In general, a toll ring has lower car travel reducing effect, and leads to less toll revenues, than an optimal congestion pricing policy. References Eliasson, J. and Mattsson, L.-G. (2001), "Transport and location effects of road pricing: A simulation approach", Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 35: 417-45
Sense-making in business markets – the interplay between cognition, action and outcomes
No full textBusiness markets are characterized by interdependences between business actors. How these actors make sense of such interdependencies is a matter of both theoretical and practical importance. Research on cognitive foundations for competition in business markets, based on organization and strategic management, has evolved considerably since the 1980s. Also, researchers on business markets that are based on marketing and adopt a network perspective, have become increasingly interested in cognition and sense-making over the last two decades. The concepts network pictures and network understanding have been in focus for this research, which has resulted in a demand for improved clarity of the interplay between cognition, action and outcome, as well as for a stronger integration between parallel research developments from related disciplines and research approaches. A better understanding of how individual and collective views are developed is also required. This Special Issue, originated in the network perspective of business markets, is aimed to address these issues
Reptricket. Förord till Lars Gustafsson: Mot noll
No full textIntroduction to a collection of philosophical essays by Swedish author Lars Gustafsson (b. 1936)
Climate change mitigation post the pandemic: Rebooting towards a fossil free economy
No full textIn this article, Svenne Junker and Lars-Gunnar Mattsson argue that climate mitigation depends on complex interactions between the State and the Market. The authors refer to the roadmaps for a fossil-free economy submitted to the Swedish government by industries and sectors and the Government´s climate action plan submitted to the Parliament. They discuss how technical and economic innovations by market actors are dependent on government policy innovations. A “whole of government” perspective, as illustrated by lessons learned from Covid-19, is needed.
Lena Mattsson: Fönstret öppnas mot världen
No full textThe book is monograph on the work of Swedish filmmaker and visual artist Lena Mattsson (b. 1966) with an introductory essay by Andersson, and two texts by Wiberg and Nilsson respectively. The book is illustrated with photographs and film stills from the whole of Mattsson's career, but the main focus is on her recent projects.A monograph on the art of visual artist and filmmaker Lena Mattsson, Sweden (b. 1966). The book includes a lengthy essay by Andersson and two brief texts by Wiberg and Nilsson, and is furthermore illustrated with photographs and film stills from the whole of Mattsson's career. Focus is on her recent works, though
Author Functions in Lars Kepler\u27s The Hypnotist: An Analysis
No full textThis paper examines Foucault\u27s notion of the author function as it pertains to Lars Kepler\u27s bestselling 2011 crime thriller, The Hypnotist. Lars Kepler is the pseudonym of a Swedish husband-wife writing duo, making him the perfect subject for analysis centering on illusory notion of the author. This paper will answer these questions: Who is the true author of The Hypnotist? What factors influence the author function of this bestelling novel? And what can The Hypnotist phenomenon tell us about the relationships between authors and their readers? This paper will demonstrate that no literary works may be ascribed to an individual person, and that authors hold no privileged knowledge of the works they produce, because authors cease to be authors the moment pen is lifted from page
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