1,811 research outputs found
Validity, reliability and responsiveness of the EQ-5D in German stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation
No full textPurpose. To analyse the psychometric properties of the EQ-5D in German stroke survivors undergoing neurological rehabilitation.Methods. The EQ-5D, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) were completed before (210 subjects) and after (183 subjects) a patient education programme in seven rehabilitation clinics in Bavaria, Germany. A postal follow-up was conducted after 6 months. Acceptance, validity, reliability and responsiveness of the EQ-5D were tested. The SIS subscales were used as external anchors to classify the patients into change groups between the measurements.Results. The proportion of missing answers ranged from 4.7 to 8.6%. Between 16 and 19% reported no problems in any EQ-5D dimension. At baseline, correlations between EQ-5D index and the SIS subscales ranged from 0.15 (communication) to 0.60 (mobility). Correlations with the EQ VAS were slightly smaller. All scores were reliable in test–retest with intraclass correlations ranging from 0.67 to 0.81. EQ-5D index and EQ VAS were consistently responsive only to improvements in health, showing small- to medium effect sizes (0.27–0.42).Conclusions. The EQ-5D has shown reasonable validity, reliability and, more limited, responsiveness in stroke patients with mild to moderate limitations of functional status, allowing it to be used in clinical trials in rehabilitation
Natural law system and social contract theory in the universe of "The Hunger Games": when modern thinking inspires contemporary science fiction
No full textreservedOggigiorno varie serie di romanzi richiamano logiche politiche già espresse durante il corso della storia. La recente saga fantascientifica di “Hunger Games”, scritta da Suzanne Collins, è proprio una di esse: i quattro romanzi finora pubblicati rievocano una filosofia moderna. L’autrice si avvale in particolar modo di giusnaturalismo e contrattualismo, note teorie del XVII e del XVIII secolo. Questo saggio si propone pertanto di analizzare e comprendere i libri da un punto di vista politico, evidenziando il collegamento tra “Hunger Games” e la filosofia politica moderna, ripercorrendo soprattutto la prospettiva di Thomas Hobbes.Nowadays several series of novels recall political logics already expressed throughout history. The recent science fiction saga of “The Hunger Games”, written by Suzanne Collins, is one of them: the four novels published so far evoke a modern philosophy. The author makes particular use of natural law system and social contract theory, acknowledged theories of the 17th and 18th centuries. This essay therefore aims to analyze and understand the books from a political point of view, highlighting the link between “The Hunger Games” and the modern political philosophy, tracing above all Thomas Hobbes’ perspective
Challenging Food Waste and Hunger
No full textAn exploration of the interrelated issues of food waste and hunger in the United States, and finding solutions to limiting their prevalence in our local communitySpring 201
Halving hunger: Meeting the first millennium development goal
No full text"In 2000, the world’s leaders set a target of halving the percentage of hungry people between 1990 and 2015. This rather modest target constitutes part of the first Millennium Development Goal, which also calls for halving the proportion of people living in poverty and achieving full employment. However, the effort to meet the hunger target has swerved off track, and the world is getting farther and farther away from realizing this objective. The goal of halving hunger by 2015 can still be achieved, but business as usual will not be enough. What is needed is “business as unusual”—a smarter, more innovative, better focused, and cost-effective approach to reducing hunger. The five elements of this new approach are as follows: Invest in Two Core Pillars: Agriculture and Social Protection The first step in reducing poverty and hunger in developing countries is to invest in agriculture and rural development. Most of the world’s poor and hungry people live in rural areas in Africa and Asia and depend on agriculture for their livelihoods, but many developing countries continue to underinvest in agriculture. Research in Africa and Asia has shown that investments in agricultural research and extension have large impacts on agricultural productivity and poverty, and investments in rural infrastructure can bring even greater benefits. Scaled-up investments in social protection that focus on nutrition and health are also crucial for improving the lives of the poorest of the poor. Although policymakers increasingly see the importance of social protection spending, there are still few productive safety net programs that are well targeted to the poorest and hungry households and increase production capacity. Bring in New Players New actors in global development—the private sector, philanthropic organizations, and emerging economy donors—have important roles to play in reducing hunger in developing countries. But the opportunities presented by these development partners have not been fully harnessed. Given the right incentives, the private sector, for example, can provide effective and sustainable investment and innovation to help in the fight against hunger. In many countries, however, private companies face a lack of incentives and a poor business operating environment, including poor property rights. Emerging economy donors are now playing an increasing role in providing development assistance, but have not yet been fully integrated into the global food security agenda. Adopt a Country-Led, Bottom-Up Approach Effective, efficient, and sustainable policies that are well adapted to the local context can help countries maximize the local impact of the global agenda and tap external development assistance, which increasingly requires approaches that are country led. Successful reforms will be not only country driven, but also local in nature, with poor people acting as a driving force in the development process. At the same time, some issues—like climate change, trade, and control of disease—must be addressed at the global level. The task for individual countries is then to digest and integrate these global issues in developing their own strategies at the country level. Design Policies Using Evidence and Experiments Pilot projects and policy experiments have the potential to improve policymaking by giving decisionmakers information about what works before policies are implemented across the board. Experimentation can improve the success rate of reforms as successful pilot projects are scaled up and unsuccessful policy options are eliminated. To succeed with this approach, policymakers need to allow impartial monitoring of experiments and rapidly transform the lessons learned into large-scale reforms. These changes can create an environment in which policies are continually tried, tested, adjusted, and tried again before being scaled up. Walk the Walk Decisionmakers at the global, regional, and national levels have made commitments to policies and investments for enhancing food security, but they have often failed to meet those commitments. For example, in 2003, African heads of state pledged that their governments would allocate 10 percent of national public budgets to the agricultural sector by 2008, but data for 2007 show that only a handful of countries had met the 10 percent target. These financial commitments must be supported with strong institutions and governance at the global, regional, and national levels and monitored in a timely and transparent fashion. Scaling Up “Business as Unusual” Some aspects of this “business as unusual” approach have already been successful in a few countries, but they need to be scaled up and extended to new countries to have a real impact on the reduction of global hunger. On a larger scale, the global food governance system itself needs to be reformed to work better. Reforms should include (1) improving existing institutions and creating an umbrella structure for food and agriculture; (2) forming government-to-government systems for decisionmaking on agriculture, food, and nutrition; and (3) explicitly engaging the new players in the global food system—the private sector and civil society—together with national governments in new or reorganized international organizations and agreements. A combination of all three options, with a leading role for emerging economies, is required. Finally, though global and national actors have distinct roles to play, it is important that they work together, combining their efforts to fight poverty and hunger. A stronger system of mutual accountability between the two groups would help keep progress on track." from TextAgricultural development -- Developing countries, Developing countries -- Economic policy, Hunger -- Developing countries, Millennium Development Goals (MDG), Policies, Poverty -- Developing countries, Rural development -- Developing countries, Social protection,
On Hunger
No full textIn this book, Dana Simmons explores the enduring production of hunger in US history. Hunger, in the modern United States, became a technology—a weapon, a scientific method, and a policy instrument. During the nineteenth century, state agents and private citizens colluded in large-scale campaigns of ethnic cleansing using hunger and food deprivation. In the twentieth century, officials enacted policies and rules that made incarcerated people, welfare recipients, and beneficiaries of foreign food aid hungry by design, in order to modify their behavior. With the advent of ultraprocessed foods, food manufacturers designed products to stimulate cravings and consumption at the expense of public health. Taking us inside the labs of researchers devoted to understanding hunger as a biological and social phenomenon, On Hunger examines the continuing struggle to produce, suppress, or control hunger in America.
“An original work of history and a call to action, this book offers a profound rethinking of scarcity and abundance through the politics of hunger.” — HANNAH LANDECKER, Professor of Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles
“Through deeply researched, unsettling accounts of starvation, Dana Simmons asks us to confront an uncomfortable truth: that hunger is not a consequence of nature but a strategy of domination.” — EMILY YATES‑DOERR, author of Mal‑Nutrition: Maternal Health Science and the Reproduction of Harm
“Simmons’s sweeping history shows how hunger is used by the powerful to exercise control over us all.” — RACHEL LOUISE MORAN, author of Blue: A History of Postpartum Depression in America
“A compelling and original account of how the unnatural state of hunger has long been used as a central technology of power in the quest for white supremacy.” — NANCY D. CAMPBELL, author of OD: Naloxone and the Politics of Overdos
Geodiversity of research: geographical topic focus, author location, and collaboration: a case study of SDG 2: zero hunger
No full textThis bibliometric study examined three aspects of geodiversity of research, namely the geographical topic focus of the study, author location, and international collaboration dynamics. The publication dataset comprised 60,000 papers from the Dimensions database that have been associated with hunger research using Digital Science’s machine learning algorithm that enhances expert led search strategies. As the research was related to hunger, papers were mapped on to the Global Hunger Index country categories as convenient classification. Only 41% of hunger-related publications that focus on countries most affected by hunger feature authors affiliated to institutions in those countries. Even fewer of those publications feature locally based authors in first or last position. These numbers gradually reverse as the level of hunger declines. We analyse sample papers in an attempt to understand the reasons for these trends. These included differences in research infrastructure, sub-authorship recognition such as acknowledgements, and limitations of the relationship between country mention and real topical focus. We did not find evidence of widespread differences between senior and overall authorship and consequently urge caution before judging international collaborations as ‘helicopter’ research based only on author country affiliations and authorship position.Merit, Expertise and Measuremen
Hunger & Thirst: Food Literature
No full textSonya Huber is a contributing author, The God of Hunger.
Book description: More than eighty contributors offer up unique views of food and drink, what we hunger for, what pains us or sustains us, what brings us joy as individuals, as family, as culture. This collection of poetry, fiction, non-fiction, and art invites you to sit at the collective table we share as the human community.https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/english-books/1026/thumbnail.jp
Recommendations and report: a report on barriers to participation
No full textTitle from PDF cover (viewed on July 31, 2018).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
"BRUSOV’S “POEMS ABOUT HUNGER” IN THE CONTEXT OF SOVIET AND EUROPEAN LITERATURE ABOUT HUNGER"
No full text"The article is devoted to the topic of hunger, including mass disasters of hunger in the European literature of the XIX – XX century and contemporary literature (2000 – 2014). After a brief historical-literary reference, the author makes a suggestion of possible theoretical and literary approaches to research the works of this kind. The four poetic works of 1922-23's.: “Poem about hunger” by V.Brusov, “Two cases...” by V.Mayakovsky, “The Hunger” by M.Voloshin and “Blow, cry, bring!” by V. Khlebnikov were considered in this context.
Hunger strikes and carceral resistance: embodied struggle, discourse, and the political meaning-making of hunger
No full text2019 Summer.Includes bibliographical references.Since 2014, there have been a series of hunger strikes at the Northwest Detention Center in Tacoma, WA. Hunger strikes have been utilized globally and throughout history, and, among other tactics, have been one of the primary tactics utilized by prisoners to protest their conditions and make broader political demands. In this study, I analyze the specific discursive repertoires created and deployed my media, detention officials, detainees, and one community activist organization surrounding the NWDC hunger strikes, in order to discover how hunger strikes operate as a mode of symbolic contestation. By delineating the specific frames constructed and deployed by each group, I construct an analysis of the dynamic and relational processes of discursive resistance and the ways that dominant and subaltern actors structure and contest the symbolic field surrounding immigration, detention, and carcerality. Overall, I find that detained hunger strikers and members of one grassroots solidarity organization draw upon a few primary discursive repertoires, including legalistic and rights-based discourses, and a discourse of family to contest hegemonic narratives of the hunger strikes. Finally, I draw upon the notion of differential consciousness to argue that subaltern actors engage in impure tactics of discursive resistance, deploying hegemonic languages only to subvert them, and in this way, challenging dominant narratives and the symbolic power of the state
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