38 research outputs found
Testing the evolutionary link between submillimetre galaxies and quasars: CO observations of QSOs at z~2
No full textWe have used the IRAM Plateau de Bure millimetre interferometer and the UKIRT 1–5 μm Imager Spectrometer (UIST) to test the connection between the major phases of spheroid growth and nuclear accretion by mapping CO emission in nine submillimetre-detected QSOs at z= 1.7–2.6 with black hole (BH) masses derived from near-infrared spectroscopy. When combined with one QSO obtained from the literature, we present sensitive CO(3–2) or CO(2–1) observations of 10 submillimetre-detected QSOs selected at the epoch of peak activity in both QSOs and submillimetre (submm) galaxies (SMGs). CO is detected in 5/6 very optically luminous (MB∼−28) submm-detected QSOs with BH masses MBH≃ 109–1010 M⊙, confirming the presence of large gas reservoirs of Mgas≃ 3.4 × 1010 M⊙. Our BH masses and dynamical mass constraints on the host spheroids suggest, at face value, that these optically luminous QSOs at z= 2 lie about an order of magnitude above the local BH–spheroid relation, MBH/Msph, although this result is dependent on the size and inclination of the CO-emitting region. However, we find that their BH masses are ∼30 times too large and their surface density is ∼300 times too small to be related to typical SMGs in an evolutionary sequence. Conversely, we measure weaker CO emission in four fainter (MB∼−25) submm-detected QSOs with properties, BH masses (MBH≃ 5 × 108 M⊙), and surface densities similar to SMGs. These QSOs appear to lie near the local MBH/Msph relation, making them plausible ‘transition objects’ in the proposed evolutionary sequence linking QSOs to the formation of massive young galaxies and BHs at high redshift. We show that SMGs have a higher incidence of bimodal CO line profiles than seen in our QSO sample, which we interpret as an effect of their relative inclinations, with the QSOs seen more face-on. Finally, we find that the gas masses of the four fainter submm-detected QSOs imply that their star formation episodes could be sustained for ∼10 Myr, and are consistent with representing a phase in the formation of massive galaxies which overlaps a preceding SMG starburst phase, before subsequently evolving into a population of present-day massive ellipticals
CO Multi-line Imaging of Nearby Galaxies (COMING). IX. (CO)-C-12(J=2-1)/(CO)-C-12(J=1-0) line ratio on kiloparsec scales
No full textWhile molecular gas mass is usually derived from (CO)-C-12(J = 1-0)-the most fundamental line for exploring molecular gas-it is often derived from (CO)-C-12(J = 2-1) assuming a constant (CO)-C-12(J = 2-1)/(CO)-C-12(J = 1-0) line ratio (R-2/1). We present variations of R-2/ 1 and effects of the assumption that R-2/1 is a constant in 24 nearby galaxies using (CO)-C-12 data obtained with the Nobeyama 45mradio telescope and IRAM 30mtelescope. The median of R-2/1 for all galaxies is 0.61, and the weighted mean of R-2/1 by (CO)-C-12(J = 1-0) integrated intensity is 0.66 with a standard deviation of 0.19. The radial variation of R-2/1 shows that it is high (similar to 0.8) in the inner similar to 1 kpc while its median in disks is nearly constant at 0.60 when all galaxies are compiled. In the case that the constant R-2/1 of 0.7 is adopted, we found that the total molecular gas mass derived from (CO)-C-12(J = 2-1) is underestimated/ overestimated by similar to 20%, and at most by 35%. The scatter of molecular gas surface density within each galaxy becomes larger by similar to 30%, and at most by 120%. Indices of the spatially resolved Kennicutt-Schmidt relation by (CO)-C-12(J = 2-1) are underestimated by 10%-20%, at most 39%, in 17 out of 24 galaxies. R-2/1 has good positive correlations with star-formation rate and infrared color, and a negative correlation with molecular gas depletion time. There is a clear tendency of increasing R-2/1 with increasing kinetic temperature (T-kin). Further, we found that not only T-kin but also pressure of molecular gas is important in understanding variations of R-2/1. Special considerations should be made when discussing molecular gas mass and molecular gas properties inferred from (CO)-C-12(J = 2-1) instead of (CO)-C-12(J = 1-0)
Pentraxin-3 as a Marker of Advanced Atherosclerosis Results from the Bruneck, ARMY and ARFY Studies
No full textPubMed ID: 22319633This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Angiotensin II induces soluble fms-Like tyrosine kinase-1 release via calcineurin signaling pathway in pregnancy
No full textMaternal endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia is associated with increased soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), a circulating antagonist of vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a potent vasoconstrictor that increases concomitant with sFlt-1 during pregnancy. Therefore, we speculated that Ang II may promote the expression of sFlt-1 in pregnancy. Here we report that infusion of Ang II significantly increases circulating levels of sFlt-1 in pregnant mice, thereby demonstrating that Ang II is a regulator of sFlt-1 secretion in vivo. Furthermore, Ang II stimulated sFlt-1 production in a dose- and time-dependent manner from human villous explants and cultured trophoblasts but not from endothelial cells, suggesting that trophoblasts are the primary source of sFlt-1 during pregnancy. As expected, Ang II-induced sFlt-1 secretion resulted in the inhibition of endothelial cell migration and in vitro tube formation. In vitro and in vivo studies with losartan, small interfering RNA specific for calcineurin and FK506 demonstrated that Ang II-mediated sFlt-1 release was via Ang II type 1 receptor activation and calcineurin signaling, respectively. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized regulatory role for Ang II on sFlt-1 expression in murine and human pregnancy and suggest that elevated sFlt-1 levels in preeclampsia may be caused by a dysregulation of the local renin/angiotensin system
The immunoproteasome disturbs neuronal metabolism and drives neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001711 Swiss National Science Foundationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009708 Novo Nordisk Foundationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347 Federal Ministry of Education and Research Bonn Officehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003042 Else Kroner-Fresenius Foundationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781 European Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011747 Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Researchhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 German Research Foundationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663 European Research Counci
Author Correction: Rationalizing the light-induced phase separation of mixed halide organic–inorganic perovskites
No full textThe original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Joseph S. Manser, which was incorrectly given as Joseph M. Manser. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.</jats:p
Studi Komparatif Teori Air Thales Dengan Teori Air Dalam Konsep Al-qur’an
No full textIde awal penulisan karya tulis ini berawal dari kegelisahan penulis untuk menemukan jawaban adakah benang merah yang menghubungkan atau keterkaitan dan keselarasan antara filsafat Yunani Kuno dan ajaran Islam, terfokus pada pembahasan mengenai teori air yang dikemukakan Thales sang pelopor Filsafat Yunani kuno di abad ke 6 SM apakah selaras dengan teori air yang terdapat pada Al-Qur’an yang diturunkan pada Nabi Muhammad SAW. pada kisaran aban 6-7 M. Penelitian maupun pembahasan mengenai Filsafat Yunani kuno terutama pemikiran tentang Thales saya kira sudah banyak dan sering kita jumpai, akan tetapi penulis menemukan celah yang belum dibahas yaitu adakah keselarasan dari dua sudut pandang yang tampaknya berbeda tersebut yang mana filsafat berpedoman pada akal rasional sedang ajaran Islam bepedoman pada wahyu, maka pada penelitian ini penulis telah menemukan titik temu persamaan maupun perbedaan yang akan saya uraikan dibawah ini. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode analisis komparatif deskriptif dan meneliti berbagai macam sumber yang terkait, semoga bermanfaat untuk para pembaca.
The initial idea for writing this paper originated from the author's anxiety to find an answer to whether there was a common thread that connected or relatedness and harmony between Ancient Greek philosophy and Islamic teachings, focused on a discussion of the theory of water put forward by Thales, the pioneer of ancient Greek philosophy in the 6th century BC. in line with the theory of water contained in the Qur'an which was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad SAW. in the mid 6-7 AD range. I think we have encountered a lot of research and discussions about ancient Greek philosophy, especially thoughts about Thales, but the author found a gap that has not been discussed, namely whether there is harmony between these two seemingly different points of view, which is philosophy. is guided by rational reason while Islamic teachings are guided by revelation, so in this research the author has found common points of similarities and differences which I will explain below. In this research the author uses a descriptive comparative analysis method and examines various related sources, hopefully it will be useful for reader
Semantic model-driven development of web service architectures.
No full textBuilding service-based architectures has become a major area of interest since the advent of Web services. Modelling these architectures is a central activity. Model-driven development is a recent approach to developing software systems based on the idea of making models the central artefacts for design representation, analysis, and code generation.
We propose an ontology-based engineering methodology for semantic model-driven composition and transformation of Web service architectures. Ontology technology as a logic-based knowledge representation and reasoning framework can provide answers to the needs of sharable and reusable semantic models and descriptions needed for service engineering. Based on modelling, composition and code generation techniques for service architectures, our approach provides a methodological framework for ontology-based semantic service architecture
'Wer denkt: Geist oder Gehirn?'
No full textReplik auf Kuno Kirschfeld In ldquo;Wer denkt, der Mensch oder sein Gehirn?rdquo; spricht Kuno Kirschfeld der Philosophie ab, Klärendes zur Frage nach der Funktionsweise menschlichen Denkens beitragen zu können. Julian Nida-Rümelin hält zum einen die von Kirschfeld unterstützte These für falsch, wonach der Philosophie einerseits und den Naturwissenschaften andererseits zwei miteinander unvereinbare Denkkulturen zugrunde lägen. Vor allem aber geht es dem Autor um die Widerlegung des für Kirschfelds Argumentation zentralen naturalistischen Dogmas, wonach alle Entitäten und Ereignisse mit empirischen, naturwissenschaftlichen Methoden beschreib- und erklärbar seien. Seine anti-naturalistische Position exemplifiziert Nida-Rümelin anhand einer Kritik am Libet-Experiment und einer Verteidigung des Konzepts der Willensfreiheit. Stellungnahme zur Replik von Julian Nida-Rümelin Das Abwägen verschiedener Möglichkeiten vor einer Entscheidung ist Verarbeitung von Information. Um verarbeitet werden zu können, muss Information zunächst gespeichert vorliegen, was nur in einem materiellen, physikalischen Substrat möglich ist, nicht etwa im ldquo;Geistrdquo;, dem Bewusstsein. Auch die Verarbeitung selbst erfordert ein solches Substrat, im leeren Raum ist sie nicht möglich. Das gilt für alle Denkprozesse, sie können nur in der neuralen Maschinerie unseres Gehirns ablaufen. Ergebnisse von Denkprozessen können uns sodann bewusst werden, aber eben erst in Folge dieser neuralen Prozesse. Weder der ldquo;Geistrdquo;, noch das Bewusstsein können denken, um dann auf das Gehirn einzuwirken. Response to Kuno Kirschfeld In ldquo;Who decides ndash; humans or their brains?rdquo;, Kuno Kirschfeld denies that philosophy is able to advance our understanding of the functioning of human thinking. According to Nida-Rümelin, this point of view is based on a false opposition between two different and incompatible ways of thinking, underlying philosophy on the one hand and natural sciences on the other. Furthermore the author criticizes the naturalistic dogma according to which every single event is explainable by the means of empirical natural sciences and which is central for Kirschfeld's argument. Nida-Rümelin defends the concept of free will against naturalistic attempts to deny it showing that deliberation, the weighing of reasons, is essential to human nature. Consciousness cannot contribute to our thinking Deliberating before taking a decision is information processing. To do so requires the information to be stored, which is possible in a physical substrate only, not in the mind. Processing also needs such a substrate, both cannot occur in empty space. This holds for thinking in general, because all thinking is information processing. This implies that any thinking happens in the neural machinery of our brain, without contribution of our consciousness. Results of these processes may later become conscious. Conclusion: Consciousness cannot contribute to our thinking, and then affect the brain
GAMA/H-ATLAS : linking the properties of submm detected and undetected early-type galaxies - I. z <= 0.06 sample
No full textWe present two large, nearby (0.013 <= z <= 0.06) samples of early-type galaxies (ETGs): a visually classified sample of 220 ETGs, created using source-matched data from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) data base with far-infrared/submm detections from Herschel-Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS); and a visually classified sample of 551 ETGs which are undetected with H-ATLAS. Active galactic nuclei are removed from our samples using optical emission-line diagnostics. These samples are scrutinized to determine characteristics of submm detected versus undetected ETGs. We find similarities in the stellar mass distributions of the two ETG samples but testing other properties uncovers significant differences. The submm detected sample is shown to have lower concentration and Sersic indices than those in the undetected sample - a result which may be linked to the presence of dust in the former. Optical and ultraviolet-optical colours are also shown to be much bluer, indicating that the dust is linked with recent star formation. The intrinsic effective radii are on average 1.5 times larger for the submm detected ETGs. Surface densities and groups data from the GAMA data base are examined for the two samples, leading to the conclusion that dusty ETGs inhabit sparser environments than non-dusty ETGs in the nearby Universe, although environments of the brightest ETGs are shown to differ the least. Modified Planck functions are fit to the H-ATLAS detected Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) and Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) fluxes for ETGs with submm flux densities of at least 3 sigma in the 350 mu m SPIRE band, giving a resultant mean cold dust temperature of T-d = 22.1 K, with a range of 9-30 K. The corresponding mean dust mass is 1.8 x 10(7) M-circle dot, with a range of (0.08-35.0) x 10(7) M-circle dot. The dust masses calculated from these fits, normalized by stellar mass, are shown to increase with decreasing stellar mass and bluer colours. Based on visual classifications of elliptical and lenticular, we find similar dust properties for these two early-type morphologies. We conclude that there is a population of elliptical galaxies which exhibit larger dust masses, lower Sersic index and bluer colours than the more well-known, massive, red population of ellipticals.Peer reviewe
