41 research outputs found
Historias de vida y Ciencias Sociales. Entrevista a Franco Ferrarotti
No full textA La autonomía del método biográfico, las historias de vida como praxis interactiva, el carácter participativo de la investigación con fuentes orales, la propuesta de leer una sociedad a través de una biografía, son principios epistemológicos cuyos fundamentos teóricos deben bastante a las aportaciones del sociólogo italiano Franco Ferrarotti. Catedrático en la Universidad de Roma "La Sapienza", el autor se inscribe en la rica tradición de la escuela italiana de historia oral, que desde Gramsci, De Martino y Bosio ha utilizado las autobiografías como un acceso privilegiado a las clases subalternas. Sus libros Storia e storie di vita (1981) y La storia e il quotidiano (1985) constituyen obras fundamentales para los que trabajan con fuentes orales. La presente entrevista recoge los planteamientos del autor sobre la relación entre historias de vida y ciencias sociales.The autonomy of the biographical method, the interactive praxis of life stories, the participative character of the research based on oral sources, the proposal of reading a society through biographies, are all epistemological principles which theoretical foundations are in debt with the contributions of Italian sociologist Franco Ferrarotti. Chair of the Università di Roma "La Sapienza", the author belongs to the rich tradition of Italian school of oral history, that from Gramsci, De Martino and Bosio has used the autobiographies as a privileged acces to the subaltern classes. His books Storia e storie di vita (1981) and La storia e il quotidiano (1985) are basic works for researchers using oral sources. The present interview gathers the author's ideas about the relationship between life stories and social sciences
Historias de vida y Ciencias Sociales. Entrevista a Franco Ferrarotti
No full textA La autonomía del método biográfico, las historias de vida como praxis interactiva, el carácter participativo de la investigación con fuentes orales, la propuesta de leer una sociedad a través de una biografía, son principios epistemológicos cuyos fundamentos teóricos deben bastante a las aportaciones del sociólogo italiano Franco Ferrarotti. Catedrático en la Universidad de Roma "La Sapienza", el autor se inscribe en la rica tradición de la escuela italiana de historia oral, que desde Gramsci, De Martino y Bosio ha utilizado las autobiografías como un acceso privilegiado a las clases subalternas. Sus libros Storia e storie di vita (1981) y La storia e il quotidiano (1985) constituyen obras fundamentales para los que trabajan con fuentes orales. La presente entrevista recoge los planteamientos del autor sobre la relación entre historias de vida y ciencias sociales.The autonomy of the biographical method, the interactive praxis of life stories, the participative character of the research based on oral sources, the proposal of reading a society through biographies, are all epistemological principles which theoretical foundations are in debt with the contributions of Italian sociologist Franco Ferrarotti. Chair of the Università di Roma "La Sapienza", the author belongs to the rich tradition of Italian school of oral history, that from Gramsci, De Martino and Bosio has used the autobiographies as a privileged acces to the subaltern classes. His books Storia e storie di vita (1981) and La storia e il quotidiano (1985) are basic works for researchers using oral sources. The present interview gathers the author's ideas about the relationship between life stories and social sciences
Bilingualism and language contact in 16th-century Northern Italy. Some external evidence for the phonological history of French
No full textThe paper aims to present some lesser-known evidence relevant to the phonological history of French gathered through the bilingual texts in the Opera Jocunda by Giovan Giorgio Alione, published in Asti, Piedmont, Northern Italy, in 1521. In these texts, French is spelled using the graphemic system that the author employed primarily to write in his native Gallo-Italian dialect, thus rendering French phonetically transparent through linguistic comparison. This makes it possible to sketch a phonetic profile of the French known to the author at the end of the Middle French period. The evidence gathered seems to point to a more conservative variety if compared to the commonly reconstructed relative chronology of the phonological history of French. Some hypotheses in a framework of historical sociolinguistics and language contact are put forward to explain this discrepancy
Multi-Sensor Approach to Assessing the Wildfire Severity-Induced Landslide Risk: A Case of Ischia Island, Italy
No full textThis study presents an assessment of wildfire severity and its associated landslide risk on Ischia Island, Italy, integrating meteorological data, including precipitation and maximum temperature, with remote sensing datasets to assess the wildfire that occurred on 28th August 2023. Key findings include mapping wildfire extent using NASA FIRMS data and assessing severity through indices like Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), differential NBR, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and differential NDVI using Sentinel-2 images. High-resolution PlanetScope imagery enabled detailed change detection, while historical ground deformation data from Sentinel-1 (2018-2022) revealed significant susceptibility to landslides. The analysis indicated that the areas affected by the wildfire are also prone to landslides, with a mean deformation rate of -8 to -10 mm/year. Post-fire, the reduction in vegetation coverage and subsequent rainfall increased soil erosion and deformation, heightening the landslide risk. Strong correlations were observed between wildfire severity, land surface temperature (LST), and precipitation patterns. This integrated approach highlights the critical need for precise risk assessment and underscores the importance of multi-sensor data in post-fire landscape management and hazard mitigation
Heat Release Rate Markers for the Adelaide Jet in Hot Coflow Flame
No full textIn the present work, the correlation between the Heat Releaser Rate (HRR) and species mole fractions and net reaction rates is studied. The PaSR closure model is employed in a RANS framework to implement a detailed kinetic scheme, including the excited species OH*, used as a HRR marker. The effect of oxygen dilution on the combustion regime is investigated, as it can lead to Moderate or Intense Low-Oxygen Dilution (MILD) conditions. Two cases with different levels of oxygen concentration are analyzed. The results suggest the possibility of combining chemical species to construct an appropriate scalar to achieve better correlation with the HRR. It is found that typical markers such as radicals O, OH, OH* correlate fairly well with the HRR but improved correlations can be achieved with appropriate species mole fractions combinations, particularly for the MILD region of the flame.This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 714605. The author Marco Ferrarotti also wishes to thank Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique FNRS Belgium for financing his research.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Il progetto DigitALI: problemi e prospettive della digitalizzazione dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano (ALI)
No full textThe paper aims to describe the main methodological issues in the digitization of the Atlante Linguistico Italiano(ALI), a fundamental resource for dialectological research on the dialects of Italy. Despite its scientific relevance, ALI remains difficult to access due to its printed format and heterogeneous data structure. The project seeks to overcome these limitations by develop-ing a structured, queryable database integrated into a digital cartographic interface. This paper presents the main methodological challenges encountered in the digitization process, including data standardization, phonetic transcription encoding, and georeferencing of linguistic points. The first results highlight the potential of DigitALI for socio-historical research, enabling large-scale analyses of dialectal variation
Changement social et sciences sociales en Italie
No full textFranco Ferrarotti : Sozialer Wandel und soziale Wissenschaften in Italien. Anhand einer Untersuchung der Entwicldung der italienischen Gesellschaft als eines Prozesses der Industrialisierung und der Verstadterung, wird die Kluft zwischen traditionellen Strukturen und Anpassung der Menschen an dièse neue technische Gesellschaft gezeigt. Der Verfasser geht aber iiber das Thema hinaus, um die empirische Forschung in Italien kritisch zu analysieren und einige Wege anzudeuten, die seiner Ansicht nach diese Forschung gehen sollte, wollte sie diesen unabwendbaren sozialen Wandel erleichtern.Франко Ферраротти: Социальные изменения и социальные науки в Италии.
Автор изучает требования италиянского общества под углом зрения: урбанизация-индустриализация, и указывает на разрыв между традиционными структурами общества и приспособлением индивидумов к этой технической цивилизации. Выходя за рамки этого вопроса, он дает критический анализ эмпирическому исследованию в Италии и указывает на те пути, благодаря которым может легко произойти необратимый процесс текущего социального изменения.Franco Ferrarotti : Social change and social sciences in Italy.
The author studies the evolution of the Italian society from the point view of urbanization and industrialization and points out the divorce the traditional structures of this society and the individuals' adaptation to technical civilization. Going further, he makes a critical analysis of research in Italy and suggests some means by which it could contribute ease the irreversible process of the social change in progress.Franco Ferrarotti : Mutación social y ciencias sociales en Italia.
Estudia el autor la evolución de la sociedad italiana bajo el aspecto de la urbanization-industrialization, y revela el divorcio entre las estructuras tradicionales de la sociedad y la adaptación de los individuos a esa civilización técnica-práctica. Traspasando ese cuadro, háce el autor un análisis crítico de la investigation empírica en Italia e indica las vias segun las cuales tal investigación podría contribuir a facilitar el proceso irreversible de la mutaciónFerrarotti Franco. Changement social et sciences sociales en Italie. In: Revue française de sociologie, 1966, 7-1. pp. 14-31
Franco Ferrarotti (2011) L’empatia Creatice. Potere, Autorità E Formazione Umana
No full textL\u27empatia creatrice. Potere, autorità e formazione umana is the product of a mature philosophical reflection on intersubjectivity, namely regarding the creation of empathy leading to the production of knowledge. It is organised into seven chapters and two appendices, and Ferrarotti offers his perspective on the shared creation of knowledge, adding the presupposition of creative empathy to that of dialogical identity. The work arises in order for the author to set out the basis of the training he considers necessary for working with biographical narratives.L\u27empatia creatrice. Potere, autorità e formazione umana é produto de uma reflexão filosófica madura sobre a intersubjetividade, designadamente no que respeita à criação de empatia conducente à produção de conhecimento. Organiza-se em sete capítulos e dois anexos e Ferrarotti oferece a sua perspetiva sobre a criação partilhada de conhecimento, acrescentando o pressuposto da empatia criadora ao da identidade dialógica. A obra surge para que o autor exponha a base da formação que considera necessária para o trabalho com narrativas biográficas
Snow preparation in landslide scenarios under multi-hazard perspective: experiences from Lake Campotosto (Italy)
No full textLandslides are a natural land-forming process and their interaction with urbanized areas and infrastructures makes them one of the most common geo-hazards. Landslides are controlled by three macro-categories of factors, namely the “predisposing”, “preparatory”, and “triggering” ones. In particular, preparatory factors are time-changing and gradually reduce the slope stability without initiating the movement. Snow melting and accumulation are generally discussed in the literature as triggering factors of landslides, particularly shallow ones, although, the here presented approach focuses on their contribution as preparatory factors. In mountainous areas, snow loading and, especially, snow melting can increase the soil pore water pressure, causing a reduction of available strength. Their influence on soil stability is time-dependent and, in particular, changes cyclically throughout the year. Snow usually begins to fall in the late autumn and accumulates especially in winter, whereas in spring it melts, resulting in water infiltration into the soil and resistance reduction. In seismic areas, where earthquakes can act as triggers for shallow landslides, seismic action might discover different levels of soil weakness throughout the year depending on the season, resulting in distinct landslide scenarios.
This research illustrates some multi-hazard scenarios that consider earthquakes as triggering factor of landslides, varying the degree of saturation of soil covers. The case study is the area around Lake Campotosto (Italy), located in one of the Apennines areas with the highest amount of snowfall per year, is in the near fault sector of one of the most important seismogenic source of the Apennines (Mt. Gorzano Fault System) and is characterized by different sizes and mechanisms landslides.
The approach applied for generating landslide scenarios is the PARSIFAL (Probabilistic Approach for Rating Seismically Induced slope FAiLures), a probabilistic multi-hazard tool that includes a three steps procedure: 1) susceptibility analysis including differentiated approach for rock and earth failure mechanisms; 2) slope stability analysis; 3) synthetic mapping of generated scenarios, based on grid or slope units.
Preliminary research on the stability of soil covers under seismic conditions emphasizes importance of hydraulic conditions during earthquake, which also suggests the relevance of snow loading and, in particular, snow melting in regulating slope stability.
Further research is being done utilizing satellite and meteorological data, and geomorphological features, and then elaborating them using statistical and geostatistical tools, up to advanced computing.
The goal is to generate time-dependent landslide hazard scenarios by weighting the effects of snow precipitation throughout the year as a preparatory factor and adding a related tool to PARSIFAL.
The majority of these concepts are being studied at Sapienza's Department of Earth Sciences in the CN1 (National Centre for HPC, Big Data, and Quantum Computing) – Spoke5 PNRR Linea Tematica 1 (Reconstruction of multi-hazard scenarios from seismic source models to the simulation of seismic-induced instabilities), which aims at generating ground effects scenarios in terms of instabilities induced by nonlinear effects produced by the propagation of seismic waves from the seismogenic source to the surface, also considering geomorphological and geotechnical characteristics of the near subsurface
Morphological parametrisation of snow cover variability as preparatory factor for landslides: the Campotosto (Central Italy) test site
No full textLandslides are natural land-forming processes and their interaction with humans makes them one of the most common geo-hazards. Landslides are controlled by three macro-categories of factors, which are the “predisposing”, “preparatory”, and “triggering” ones. Earthquakes and heavy rainfall usually act as triggers, but their action is typically anticipated by a combination of predisposing factors and preparatory processes, that are investigated in PE3 RETURN – VS2, respectively, by WP2.2 and WP2.3. In particular, while predisposing factors are static, preparatory factors are especially significant as they change over time, gradually reducing the slope stability without initiating the movement.
Snow accumulation and melting are generally discussed in scientific literature as triggering factors for landslides, particularly shallow ones (see, for example, Cardinali et al., 2000), although the approach presented here focuses on their contribution also as preparatory factors. In fact, in the context of DS Spoke, snow is recognized as an important impact-oriented hazard indicator for landslides, especially in mountainous and hilly areas, alongside other common weather-climatic parameters related to rainfall and temperature.
In mountain and hill slopes, snow loading and, particularly, seasonal snow melting can increase the soil pore water pressure, causing a reduction of available strength. Their influence on slope stability is time-dependent and, in detail, changes cyclically throughout the year. Snow usually start accumulating in the late autumn, with peaks especially in late winter, then it melts in spring to summer, resulting in water infiltration into the soil and resistance loss. However, in Italy and especially in the Apennines, more complex seasonal trends can occur, including intraseasonal transitions between accumulation and melt and frequent episodes of complete melt out even in mid-winter. In seismically active areas, earthquakes acting as triggers for shallow landslides can encounter different levels of soil weakness throughout the year depending on the snowpack and related hydraulic conditions, resulting in distinct landslide scenarios. The same variability of effects applies to heavy rainfall and is intrinsically related to the influence of preparatory factors.
The main aim of this research is to assess the preparatory effect of snow cover on landslide phenomena, taking into account the temporal and spatial variability of snow accumulation and melting.
The test site is located close to the Campotosto Lake (Italy), in the Central Apennines, where considerable, albeit highly variable from season to season, snowfall per year is recorded, and strong earthquakes are expected due to the proximity of the Mt. Gorzano seismogenic source.
The analysis for the quantification of the preparatory role of snow covers for landslides was conducted in two steps. On one side, snow accumulation data were analysed through a Bayesian Estimator of Abrupt change, Seasonal change, and Trend (BEAST; Zhao et al., 2019), to reliably detect both abrupt changepoints in the seasonality and trend of snow height (HS) for each cell of the area of interest. In this way, it is possible to identify and discriminate representative time windows in which snow accumulation, or, alternatively, snow smelting is expected. On the other side, HS data were grouped using the above mentioned time windows, and compared with geomorphometric parameters (e.g. aspect, slope, etc.), in order to identify a spatio-temporal correlation between the terrain and the snow characteristics, facilitating the understanding of the dynamics of landslide processes in relation to snow preparation.
TINITALY v. 1.1 (Tarquini et al., 2023) was used as DTM, while snow data were taken from IT-SNOW (Avanzi et al., 2023), because: i) both of them are freely available throughout Italy, ii) IT-SNOW is the most resolute temporal and spatial snow cover data for Italy. In detail, IT-SNOW is a snow reanalysis providing daily information on snow depth and mass, to date between the years 2010-2023. In this study, it was used in the original ~200 m cell size raster, extracted directly from S3M Italy (the underlying operational model of IT-SNOW), and then resampled, to spatially compare it with geomorphometric parameters (~10 m cell size).
The here reported preliminary results are really encouraging in the perspective of modelling forward landslide scenarios
