1,721,039 research outputs found
Divergent trajectories of local ecological knowledge among divided communities: insights from Hutsuls and Romanians of Bukovina (Romania and Ukraine)
No full textLa relazione tra l’uomo e le piante, organismi cruciali per la sopravvivenza del genere umano, si è evoluto nei secoli in specifici contesti geografici, ecologici, sociali, culturali, economici e politici. È infatti ampiamente riconosciuto che i sistemi di conoscenza ecologica locale (LEK: Local Ecological Knowlege) non sono statici, ma si evolvono costantemente, adattandosi alle nuove condizioni ecologiche, sociali, culturali e politiche. Tuttavia, la LEK è sempre più minacciata dai cambiamenti ambientali e socio-economici più rapidi che mai. Tra i cambiamenti socio-economici, le politiche possono avere un forte impatto sulle conoscenze legate alle piante. Ad esempio, il miglioramento dei contesti economici determina il declino della LEK a causa della crescente adozione di nuovi modelli di vita scollegati dalle dinamiche degli ecosistemi locali, ma anche che il ruolo di tale conoscenza locale nelle politiche ambientali.
L'impatto delle politiche sulla LEK è stato studiato solo parzialmente in Europa con un paio di studi che affrontano la conoscenza etnobotanica transfrontaliera. Pertanto, questa tesi mira ad approfondire la nostra comprensione su come la LEK correlata all'uso di cibo selvatico e piante medicinali, sulla sua trasmissione, nonché su come la percezione di milieux rilevanti si sia evoluta adattandosi ai mutati confini politici.
L'ho fatto affrontando il contesto della Bucovina, una regione storica dell'Europa orientale unita fino agli anni '40, quando fu divisa tra l'Unione Sovietica e la Repubblica Socialista di Romania, attualmente Ucraina e Romania. In particolare in questa regione multiculturale, mi sono concentrato sulle comunità transfrontaliere di hutsul e rumeni.
Le 135 interviste semi-strutturate condotte nelle estati 2018 e 2019 sull'uso di alimenti selvatici e piante medicinali, la trasmissione di tali conoscenze e la percezione della foresta e delle sue risorse hanno rivelato tre principali divergenze.
In primo luogo, i sistemi di conoscenza relativi alle piante, in particolare quelle medicinali, sono più ricchi tra gli hutsuli e i rumeni che vivono in Ucraina rispetto a quelli che vivono in Romania probabilmente a causa del loro contesto politico (e multilingue) che è stato contaminato da elementi di origine sovietica.
In secondo luogo, la trasmissione della conoscenza etnobotanica avviene in forme divergenti ai due lati del confine. Gli hutsul, ma soprattutto i rumeni che vivono in Ucraina, oltre alla trasmissione orale si affidano in modo significativo a fonti scritte e visive per ottenere informazioni su cibo selvatico e piante medicinali. Al contrario, in Romania, la LEK viene trasmessa principalmente per via orale all'interno della famiglia o dagli anziani locali.
In terzo luogo, gli hutsuli che vivono oltre il confine condividono le percezioni dei benefici forestali, ma differiscono nella percezione dei fattori che determinano il cambiamento forestale, probabilmente a causa dei contesti politici divergenti e quindi della gestione forestale divergente. Inoltre, forse a causa delle diverse condizioni socio-economiche, gli hutsuli che vivono in Ucraina si affidano maggiormente alle piante medicinali forestali rispetto agli hutsuli che vivono in Romania.
In conclusione, nel contesto della Bucovina e possibilmente anche al di là, la creazione di nuovi confini politici può comportare divergenze nei sistemi di LEK relativi al cibo selvatico e alle piante medicinali, traiettorie divergenti di strategie di trasmissione della conoscenza etnobotanica e percezione e uso dissimili di paesaggi identitari. Ritengo che tale dissimetria possa essere dovuta al diverso contesto socio-economico in conseguenza delle decisioni politiche. Le ricerche future potrebbero concentrarsi su altri contesti geografici per confrontare diverse situazioni geopolitiche transfrontaliere
The virtues of being peripheral, recreational, and transnational: local wild food and medicinal plant knowledge in selected remote municipalities of Calabria, Southern Italy
Full text linkBackground
The Italian “Strategy for Inner Areas” includes a series of actions to avoid depopulation of rural areas by safeguarding the territory from hydrogeological instability and triggering development. Such strategy classified each municipality according to the distance to a centre defined as a town where certain services are provided. This article analyses the ethnobotanical knowledge in four villages distant from a centre. Moreover, it discusses the effect of a millennium-old sacred natural site (SNS), the Certosa of Serra San Bruno, on the local ethnobotanical knowledge.
Methods
Sixty semi-structured interviews were conducted among elderly inhabitants of two peripheral and two ultra-peripheral Calabrian villages in 2017 and 2018. The interviews focused on the use of local wild and semi-wild plants currently gathered, for both culinary and medicinal purposes, and the modes of preparation and consumption.
Results
Our study reveals that in Calabria ethnobotanical knowledge is better preserved when it can contribute to household food security in contexts of remoteness and extremely poor economic conditions or when relative well-being allows spending time foraging as a recreational activity. Moreover, we found peculiar ethnobotanical practices in Serra San Bruno which may have been introduced by the monastic community and may have contributed to the creation of a “glocal” ethnobotany by introducing knowledge from other European contexts.
Conclusions
In conclusion, the “Strategy for inner areas” should target the rich ethnobotanical traditional knowledge still present in Calabria as it may represent a powerful tool for achieving sustainable development of peripheral and ultra-peripheral areas
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Interstitial but Resilient: Nomadic Shepherds in Piedmont (Northwest Italy) Amidst Spatial and Social Marginalization
Full text linkMobility, nomadic pastoralists’ main adaptive strategy, has been compromised by agricultural expansion and rangeland fragmentation, among other factors, in many pastoral contexts. Among nomads’ coping strategies, is re-shaping mobility in shrinking grazing grounds. Through semi-structured interviews, we examine adaptation and resilience to the effects of increasingly intensive land use and marginalization focusing on Alpine nomadic pastoralists in Piedmont, Northwest Italy. Our results show that Alpine nomads access a wide variety of grazing grounds through a web of social relations with multiple stakeholders, acting in the interstices of mainstream society and navigating marginal contexts: geographically, they use fallow, abandoned, and post-harvest plots; economically and socially, they interact with other marginal groups (e.g., migrants) and are stigmatized by diverse sectors of society. This use of interstitial spaces is in itself a form of adaptation that is taking place in diverse geographical contexts as nomads reconfigure their mobility and social relations to access the scattered pieces of land left unused by industrial, agricultural, and conservation land uses
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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