165 research outputs found
First person – Poonam Sehgal
No full textABSTRACT
First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Poonam Sehgal is the first author on ‘Epidermal growth factor receptor and integrins control force-dependent vinculin recruitment to E-cadherin junctions’, published in Journal of Cell Science. The work in this article was carried out while Poonam was a postdoc in the lab of Dr Deborah Leckband at University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA, investigating the mechanism of E-cadherin-mediated force-transduction signaling in epithelial cells.</jats:p
"There are millions of young Indians who feel frustrated with their lives.... I really want the Indian government to take these frustrations seriously." - Snigdha Poonam
No full textLSE South Asia Centre recently invited Snigdha Poonam, journalist at Hindustan Times and author of Dreamers: How Young Indians are Changing the World, for a panel discussion entitled 'Who are the Middle Class in South Asia?' as part of the South Asia Summit 2018. In conversation with Anirbaan Banerjee, she talks about aggressive Indian nationalism, the political and economic frustrations of the middle-class young Indian, women's aspirations and a growing social-political crisis in India
Urogenital fistulae: A prospective study of 50 cases at a tertiary care hospital
No full textIntroduction: The misfortunate incident of formation of a urogenital fistula remains a major challenge for surgical urologists worldwide. Such fistulae may not be a life-threatening problem, but surely the women face demoralization, social boycott and even divorce and separation. The fistula may be vaginal, recto-vaginal or a combination of the two. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that in the developing nations, nearly 5 million women annually suffer severe morbidity with obstetric fistulae being the foremost on the list. The objective of our study was to enunciate the patient demography, patient profile, incidence, type of surgery, as well as the long-term outcomes encountered in the management of all types of genital fistulae at a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: 50 consecutive patients, attending the outpatient department with urogenital fistulae, were studied during the period of 5 years from July 2005 to July 2009. All female patients with complaints of urinary incontinence and fecal incontinence and dribbling, patients having a history of obstructed labor, radiotherapy, instrumental delivery, foreign body or trauma and with a history of hysterectomy (abdominal/ vaginal) and lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) were included. A thorough urological examination included a dye study using methylene blue, Renal function tests, X-ray KUB and intravenous urography (IVU). Cystoscopy along with examination under anaesthesia (EUA) were done to assess the actual extent of injury. All patients were subjected to appropriate surgical interventions via the same combination of surgeons . Post operatively, prophylactic antibiotics were administered to all patients and patients were managed till discharge and followed thereafter via regular outpatient visits for a period of 3 years. Results: Age of patients ranged from 21 to 40 years. 64% patients hailed from rural areas, 76% were from the lower socio-economic strata, 40% illiterate and 69% were short Statured. Vesico vaginal fistulae (VVF) was seen in 64% cases of which 50% were due to obstructed labor, 19% cases post LSCS and 31% cases post total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). 68% of urogenital fistulae were between 1 to 3 cms. We obtained a 75% cure rate in UVF, 87.5% cure rate in RVF while a 93.75% cure rate was observed in patients with VVF. 76% of all patients were cured while 8% had a recurrence, probably due to the large size of fistula. Conclusion : Genital fistula is preventable, yet it remains a significant cause of morbidity among females of reproductive age group. Despite facilities available, certain conditions like physical, social, economic, illiteracy, and a very casual attitude towards maternal health and children birth practices limit utilization of services for women. It is important that the modern health care providers should be aware of these aspects, so that they can recognize services that are appropriate and acceptable to the people. Thus, one must agree that in cases of urogenital fistulae, "prevention is better than cure"
Transcriptomic analysis of visceral adipose from healthy and diabetic obese subjects
No full textUnderstanding the role of visceral fat accumulation in the occurrence and progression of metabolic syndrome is of considerable interest. In order to understand the difference between visceral tissue biology of healthy and unhealthy obese individuals, we have used microarray profiling to compare genome-wide expression differences between visceral adipose tissue biopsies obtained from obese diabetics, and those from age and body mass index (BMI) matched normal glucose tolerance subjects. Whereas genes upregulated in diabetics showed enrichment of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, the downregulated genes showed enrichment of biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Given the known inhibitory effect of unsaturated fatty acids on inflammation and natural killer cell number or activity, our results suggest that visceral inflammation resulting from decreased levels of unsaturated fatty acids may underlie progression of diabetes in obese individuals
Do we need expert hepatitis C virus treaters or are amateur treaters good enough?
No full textThough hepatitis C treatment has been simplified in the last 8 years with the introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), there remains a large gap in the continuum of care for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, in both developed and low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) with limited resources. Of the estimated 71 million people infected globally with HCV, 14 million (20%) have been diagnosed, and only 1.1 million (7%) had been started on treatment as of 2017. One of the largest gaps in the continuum of care, which obstructs the escalation of HCV treatment worldwide, is a lack of trained providers to treat HCV. In many countries, HCV treatment is limited to specialists, but it has been demonstrated that general practitioners can be trained to treat HCV safely and effectively. This concept is called task-shifting, and is vital to expanding hepatitis C treatment globally
Clinicopathologic study of large abdominal masses in gynaecological practice and their outcome
No full textBackground: In female reproductive tract the differential diagnosis of pelvic mass is quite variable because abnormality may arise from gynaecological or non-gynaecological origin. The aim of the present study is to find out the causes why these patients come with large abdominal masses, to find out the risk factors and to do proper management.Methods: This study is a retrospective study of all cases of large abdominal mass All the patient coming with palpable abdominal and pelvic adnexal mass in the gynaecologic OPD were included in the study. Study population included women of all ages and the relevant population of women with treatment for fibroids and ovarian mass. The data was analysed retrospectively and the results were computed accordingly.Results: Incidence of large ovarian mass was found out to be 2.82% and of large fibroid was 2.31%. Our study showed the peak incidence of ovarian tumors in age group more than 40 years. 90.5% of patients were illiterate and only 10 patients were literate. In the study only 8.57% patients had addiction to some drug and all were tobacco chewer. The incidence of benign tumor was 83.33% (commonest being ovarian tumours) and that of malignant tumors is 16.66%.Conclusions: Ultrasound is effective in detecting the abdominal mass, size and type of abdominal mass, so that early diagnosis can be done and treatment can be given as soon as possible. Apart from already established risk factors, obesity and uterine fibroid have an important association
Trend of caesarean section at two Government Medical College in Madhya Pradesh, India over one year of time period: a retrospective comparative study
No full textBackground: There is a massive public interest and debate on both the cause and appropriateness of increasingly employing a surgical procedure to short circuit or entirely bypass labour and delivery. The indications of caesarean sections vary among institutions as there is no standard classification system exists for indications of C-Section. Present study analysed pattern of caesarean section at two tertiary centre in Madhya Pradesh, India.Methods: A structured proforma was filled up for every case and results were recorded on excel sheet. All the cases included in study were further divided in group 1 (deliveries conducted in year 2014-2015 at Govt. Medical College Indore, M.P.), group 2 (deliveries conducted at Govt. Medical College Rewa at same time. Comparative analysis between study group1 and group 2 was done using Pearson Chi square test.Results: In group 1 there were 10525 deliveries out of which 3705 were delivered by caesarean section (35.2%), in group 2 there were 8674 deliveries out of which 1182 were delivered by caesarean section (13.6%). This difference in caesarean section at both medical college may be due to the more no. of referrals from the periphery to the medical college Indore and having more no of private institutions and district hospital which cater the normal delivery.Conclusions: There is a reliable and reproducible framework is required for audit and analysis of Caesarean section trends in specific obstetric subgroups to permit comparisons of practice between different institutions and over time in the same institution.</jats:p
A clinical study of postpartum depression and its association with postnatal factors
No full textBackground: The postpartum period is a time of tremendous emotional and physical change for most women as they adapt to new roles and alteration in their physiology. Postpartum depression has seen its rise lately. Multiple factors might be responsible for causation. Symptoms include depression, tearfulness, emotional liability, guilt, anorexia, sleep disorders, feeling inadequate, detachment from the baby, poor concentration, forgetfulness, fatigue, and irritability.Methods: We have conducted a study in 225 postpartum females and assessed them for depression and associated postnatal depression. The 10-question Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used for assessing depression.Results: Depression was evaluated as 6%. It was also found that 2% mothers with IUD babies developed postnatal depression. 1.33% cases with babies having congenital anomaly developed postnatal depression. 1.33% cases with babies having nursery admission developed postnatal depression. This has been correlated with many other studies.Conclusions: It is found that perinatal factors do affect postnatal depression as it is found in mothers who have an adverse perinatal outcome. Further research is implicated in this field.</jats:p
An observational study of effect on quality of life in perimenopausal females suffering from urinary incontinence
No full textBackground: Urinary incontinence (UI) affects many older adults. Some of its deleterious consequences include stress, major depression, diminished quality of life, sexual dysfunction, and familial discord. Despite a wealth of research contributions on this topic, the available literature is under representative of ethnic minority older women.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted by taking a group of 225 females of perimenopausal age group. Patients were assessed clinically for the diagnosis of urinary incontinence and effect on quality of life was assessed. Further testing was done depending on the storage symptoms & voiding symptoms and included residual volume assessment by ultrasound, cystometry, complex urodynamic test and cystoscopy. The data obtained and the socio-demographic data recorded in a structured proforma. The data obtained was assessed, analysed and results were drawn thereafter.Results: In our study the prevalence of UI was found to be 18%. Maximum prevalence was seen in the age group of 61-70 years. Highest numbers were found to have stress incontinence 60.44%, followed by 23.55% of urge, overflow 5.33% and 10.66% mixed symptoms. The impact was equitable over all dimensions measured for QOL, namely activity limitation (28.44%), social interaction limitation (35.11%), sexual activity limitation (16%), financial burden increased (3.55%), emotional upset and distress (16.88%).Conclusions: In the present study, we determined the prevalence of UI among 200 community-dwelling, ethnically diverse older women, discovered that our new UI screener is reliable, and did not find the UI-depression link to be significant
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