16 research outputs found
Articuler l'individuel et le collectif
No full textSpecial Issue of : Nouvelle Revue de Psychologie Sociale / New Review of Social Psychology to the honour of Willem Doise.
Staerklé C, Spini D : invited author
Les significations sociales de la palatalisation/affrication à Marseille : processus ségrégatifs et changement linguistique
No full textInternational audienceThe Social Meanings of Palatalization/Affrication in Marseille: Segregated Processes and Linguistic ChangePrevious studies have enabled the identification of different ways of speaking French in Marseille, characterized by different features. Amongst these, the affrication/palatalization of the dental consonants /t/ and /d/ seems to be a widely shared feature, and therefore not limited solely to the “accent of the northern neighborhoods,” the preserve of the young people of the city’s working-class neighborhoods. Observing the production and the perception of this feature among speakers from various different social backgrounds seems to show that its distribution is more complex than anticipated—undoubtedly testifying that significant changes are underway—and that its social meaning, far from being unequivocal, depends greatly on the legitimacy of the speakers. Drawing from a field study analyzing epilinguistic productions and speech, this article attempts to show how this a priori stigmatized phonetic feature is in fact indicative of processes of social and linguistic change, linked to changes to the city itself.Significaciones sociales de la palatalización/africación en Marsella: Proceso segregativo y cambio lingüísticoTrabajos previos han permitido descubrir formas diferentes de hablar el francés en Marsella, que se caracteriza por diversos aspectos. Entre ellos, la africación/palatalización de las dentales /t/ y /d/ parece ser un rasgo ampliamente compartido y, por lo tanto, no se limita únicamente al « acento de los barrios Norte », es decir, no es privativo de los jóvenes de los barrios populares de la ciudad. La observación de la producción y de la percepción de este rasgo entre los hablantes de diferentes medios sociales parece mostrar que su distribución es más compleja de lo previsto —lo cual evidencia, sin dudas, cambios importantes en curso— y que su significación social, lejos de ser unívoca, depende mucho de la legitimidad de los hablantes. A partir de una investigación de campo, del análisis de producciones y de discursos epilingüísticos, este artículo intenta mostrar el modo en que este rasgo fonético, a priori estigmatizado, en realidad revela procesos de cambios sociales y lingüísticos, ligados a las transformaciones de la ciudad.De précédents travaux ont permis de dégager différentes façons de parler le français à Marseille, caractérisées par plusieurs traits. Parmi ceux-ci, l’affrication/palatalisation des dentales /t/ et /d/ semble être un trait largement partagé, et n’être donc pas limitée au seul « accent des quartiers nord », qui serait l’apanage de jeunes des quartiers populaires de la ville. L’observation de la production et de la perception de ce trait auprès de locuteurs de milieux sociaux différenciés semble montrer que sa distribution est plus complexe que prévu – ce qui témoigne sans doute d’importants changements en cours – et que sa signification sociale, loin d’être univoque, dépend beaucoup de la légitimité des locuteurs. Grâce à une enquête de terrain, à l’analyse de productions et de discours épilinguistiques, cet article essaie de montrer en quoi ce trait phonétique a priori stigmatisé est en fait révélateur de processus de changements sociaux et linguistiques, liés aux changements de la ville elle-même
Impact of falling on social participation and social support trajectories in a middle-aged and elderly European sample
No full textAbstractWhereas falls are frequent and traumatic events for the elderly, their long-term consequences in terms of the social lives of older fallers are understudied. This study aimed to identify the impact of falling on the trajectories of social participation and social support of older people in Europe. Our sample consisted of 16,583 people aged 50–95 years from 10 European countries who responded to the waves 1, 2 and 4 of the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe. The impact of falling on the trajectories of social participation and social support was examined using generalised estimating equation (GEE) models. The effect of the interactions between falling and frailty and between falling and social support on social participation was assessed. Falls were negatively associated with social participation (OR=0.73, p<0.001) and positively associated with social support (OR=2.20, p<0.001). For social participation, this effect was moderated by frailty; the interaction term between frailty and fall highlighted the finding that frailty better explained the global trajectory of social participation compared with falling. Social support did not buffer the negative impact of falling on social participation. Falls can be considered stressful events that have implications beyond the health context. Frail people who have fallen should be targeted in prevention and rehabilitation programmes; specific attention should also be paid to the relatives of fallers, who appeared to be more intensively solicited after a fall
Equality hypocrisy, inconsistency, and prejudice: The unequal application of the universal human right to equality
No full textIn addition, the author note should have included a license statement, which is provided in this correction.] In Western culture, there appears to be widespread endorsement of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (which stresses equality and freedom). But do people really apply their equality values equally, or are their principles and application systematically discrepant, resulting in equality hypocrisy? The present study, conducted with a representative national sample of adults in the United Kingdom (N = 2,895), provides the first societal test of whether people apply their value of “equality for all” similarly across multiple types of status minority (women, disabled people, people aged over 70, Blacks, Muslims, and gay people). Drawing on theories of intergroup relations and stereotyping we examined, relation to each of these groups, respondents’ judgments of how important it is to satisfy their particular wishes, whether there should be greater or reduced equality of employment opportunities, and feelings of social distance. The data revealed a clear gap between general equality values and responses to these specific measures. Respondents prioritized equality more for “paternalized” groups (targets of benevolent prejudice: women, disabled, over 70) than others (Black people, Muslims, and homosexual people), demonstrating significant inconsistency. Respondents who valued equality more, or who expressed higher internal or external motivation to control prejudice, showed greater consistency in applying equality. However, even respondents who valued equality highly showed significant divergence in their responses to paternalized versus nonpaternalized groups, revealing a degree of hypocrisy. Implications for strategies to promote equality and challenge prejudice are discussed
Escrevendo e reescrevendo a história: narrativas de si e heranças de resistência ao golpe civil-militar no Brasil nas obras de Marcelo Rubens Paiva (1982/2015)
No full textIn this paper, I investigate how the writer Marcelo Rubens Paiva retold his story in the midst
of two important political moments in Brazilian society: in 1982, when he wrote Feliz Ano
Velho and in 2015 with Ainda Estou Aqui. The aim of the work is to analyze how the author
revisits his memories in the two books, addressing issues such as politics, repression, military
dictatorship, citizenship and democracyUFU - Universidade Federal de UberlândiaTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)No presente trabalho, investigo como o escritor Marcelo Rubens Paiva recontou sua história
em meio a dois momentos políticos importantes da sociedade brasileira: em 1982, ao escrever
Feliz Ano Velho e em 2015 com a obra Ainda Estou Aqui. O objetivo do trabalho é analisar a
maneira como o autor revisita suas memórias nos dois livros, abordando temas como política,
repressão, ditadura militar, cidadania e democraci
Collaborative Private Decision-Tree Evaluation using (Multi-Key) Fully Homomorphic Encryption: with applications to Risk-Adaptive Access Control
No full textDecision-tree evaluation is a widely-used classification approach known for its simplicity and effectiveness. Decision-tree models are shown to be helpful in classifying instances of fraud, malware, or diseases and can be used to make dynamic, flexible access decisions within an access-control system. These applications often require sensitive data of more than one party, like financial or health-related records. It is important to keep this data private, especially when the decision-tree evaluation is done in a collaborative manner where more than one party provides sensitive input data. Current privacy-preserving solutions only consider scenarios in which input data originates from a single source. However, collaboration for decision-tree evaluation tasks is needed more and more since these collaborations often bear fruit. Therefore, in this work we address Private Decision-Tree Evaluation in a collaborative setting. We assume one entity, called the server, that holds the decision tree and multiple users that provide private data on which the decision tree is evaluated. The focus of our research lies on solutions that make use of homomorphic encryption. We give ten different protocols that each take place in a different setting; either the holder of the decision tree receives the evaluation result or the users that provide the input. The protocols use Multi-Key Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) or normal FHE with a Semi-Trusted Third Party (STTP). Additionally, we introduce a novel key-switching method within two of the STTP protocols such that the dependency on the STTP is greatly reduced. All protocols are proven to be secure in the semi-honest model and compared in terms of run-time complexity and communication costs. Due to the high computational overhead for the Multi-Key FHE schemes, the protocols that make use of these schemes are not yet feasible. Therefore, the protocols that use an STTP are the most promising. All protocols take no more than 4 communication rounds. Assuming that the implementation can be parallelized and given an input bit length of 4, the decision-tree evaluation in our protocols takes in the worst case between 60 and 160 hours, executed on an Intel Core Processor at 2.4 GHz with 16 GB memory
"Dejemos pasar el tiempo y veremos que nos depara": la reinvención de las identidades latinoamericanas en la novela de Gabriel García Márquez
No full textThis paper/article is a discussion about Gabriel García Márquez's Love in the Time of Cholera, focusing on the social conflicts arising from the process of nation formation according to the plot. The thematic choice was motivated by the way the Colombian author re-signifies national literature and conceives nation formation as an ongoing historical process. The research takes into consideration the period of publication of the work, the 1980s, as well as the context in which the novel takes place, the end of the XIX century and the beginning of XX century, to think about the reinvention of the past from history, memory, and fiction as made by the author. This is a study that uses literature as a source to understand how the novelist mobilizes everyday situations in the construction of a narrative that suggests to the reader that conflicts and contradictions are intrinsic characteristics of the experiences of independent Latin American nations. To this end, the research explores themes that permeate the different notions of time and space conceived in the novel, and involve class, gender, and race, possible to be analyzed by the construction of the characters, with emphasis on the women of the narrative.Este trabajo aborda una discusión sobre la obra El amor en los tiempos del cólera, de Gabriel García Márquez, centrándose en los conflictos sociales derivados del proceso de formación de la nación según la trama. La elección temática fue motivada por la forma como el autor colombiano resignifica la literatura nacional y concibe la formación de la nación como un proceso histórico en curso. La investigación tiene en cuenta el período de publicación de la obra, la década de 1980, así como el contexto en el que se desarrolla la novela, finales del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX, para pensar la reinvención del pasado a partir de la historia, la memoria y la ficción que realiza el autor. Se trata de un estudio que utiliza la literatura como fuente para comprender cómo el novelista moviliza situaciones cotidianas en la construcción de una narrativa que sugiere al lector que los conflictos y las contradicciones son características intrínsecas de las experiencias de las naciones latinoamericanas independientes. Para ello, la investigación explora temas que permean las diferentes nociones de tiempo y espacio concebidas en la novela, e involucran clase, género y raza, posibles de ser analizados por la construcción de los personajes, con énfasis en las mujeres de la narrativa.Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)Este trabalho trata de uma discussão sobre a obra O amor nos tempos do cólera, de Gabriel García Márquez, tendo como foco os conflitos sociais decorrentes do processo de formação da nação conforme o enredo. A escolha temática foi motivada pela forma como o autor colombiano ressignifica a literatura nacional e concebe a formação da nação como um processo histórico em andamento. A pesquisa leva em consideração o período de publicação da obra, a década de 1980, bem como o contexto em que se passa o romance, o fim do século XIX e o início do século XX, para pensar a reinvenção do passado a partir da história, da memória e da ficção conforme feita pelo autor. Trata-se de um estudo que se utiliza da literatura como fonte, para compreender como o romancista mobiliza situações cotidianas na construção de uma narrativa que sugere ao leitor que conflitos e contradições são características intrínsecas às experiências das nações latino-americanas independentes. Para tanto, a pesquisa explora temas que perpassam as diferentes noções de tempo e espaço concebidas no romance, e envolvem classe, gênero e raça, possíveis de serem analisadas pela construção das personagens, com destaque para as mulheres da narrativa
Salò ou os 120 Dias de Sodoma: o neoliberalismo italiano sob o olhar de Pasolini
No full textThis article seeks to analyze Pasolini's theory of Italian neoliberalism, which he called "new fascism," in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It investigates how this theory appears in his 1975 feature film, Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom. Furthermore, it will explore the relationships and conflicts between Pasolini, his ideas, his final work, and Italian society at that time, highlighting the persecution, censorship, and violence he suffered. This will be done through the media, interviews from the time, and articles and essays written by the author himself. It will also explore dialogues between the works of Pasolini, Adorno, Horkheimer, and Foucault, seeking to understand how the filmmaker's work interacted with what had already been produced and what was yet to be produced.Pesquisa sem auxílio de agências de fomentoTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)Este artigo busca analisar a teoria de Pasolini acerca do neoliberalismo italiano, chamado pelo autor de “novo fascismo”, no final dos anos 1960 e início dos anos de 1970. Investigando como essa teoria aparece no seu longa-metragem, Salò ou os 120 Dias de Sodoma de 1975. Além disso, serão exploradas as relações e conflitos entre Pasolini, suas ideias, sua última obra e a sociedade italiana daquele período, destacando toda a perseguição, censura e violência sofrida por ele. Isso será feito a partir da imprensa, a partir de entrevistas da época e de artigos e ensaios escritos pelo próprio autor. Também serão realizados diálogos entre as obras de Pasolini, de Adorno, Horkheimer e Foucault, buscando compreender como os trabalhos do cineasta interagiam com o que já havia sido produzido e com o que ainda viria a ser produzido
Prosodic cues of sarcastic speech in French: slower, higher, wider
No full textInternational audienceVerbal irony is characterized by the use of specific acoustic modulations, especially global prosodic cues as well as vowel hyperarticulation. Little is known concerning the expression of sarcastic speech in French. Here we report on global prosodic features of sarcastic speech in a corpus of declarative French utterances. Our data show that sarcastic productions are characterized by utterance lengthening, by increased f0 modulations and a global raising of the pitch level and range. The results are discussed in the light of results on the acoustic features of ironic speech in languages other than French
Best-value in Korean public building construction
No full textAlthough the low-bid system has played a major role in public building construction sector for a long time, this system has arguably delivered work of low quality, an continued and rising number of claims within the industry. With these challenges in mind, the Korean government has sought to examine and possibly adopt best-value procurement as an alternative approach to delivering public building construction projects within Korea. The reality however is that although delivering arguably a number of advantages, best-value does present the government with its own peculiar challenges because of a lack of a precise understanding of what ‘best-value’ means. Hence, in this study, the author seeks to examine the concept of best-value and its application to Korean public building construction. To achieve the stated objectives, the author draws upon extant literature in ‘value’ procurement to critically examine the impact of ‘best-value’ concepts in Korean public building procurement. Data is obtained from a survey of 180 managers involved in the procurement and management of public buildings in Korea. Utilising ‘best-value’ criteria drawn from literature, the author employs Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to weight ‘best-value’ criteria identified through the survey. Based on the results of the AHP exercise, the following are found; (i) value depends on the state of each individual building which can be defined from a ‘need’ perspective, (ii) the primary criteria for ‘best-value’ in Korea public construction projects were ‘serviceability’, ‘safety’, ‘comfort’, ‘environmental friendliness’, ‘economical feasibility’, and ‘artistry’ and finally that (?) the importance of each primary criteria was dependent on the building type
