1,721,045 research outputs found
Associations between Vaccination Conspiracy Beliefs, Vaccination Hesitancy, Vaccination Powerlessness
No full textAssociations between Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs, Vaccine Hesitancy, Vaccine Powerlessness, Right-Wing Authoritarianism, and Intellectual Humility
No full textThis is a pre-registration for a longitudinal study assessing Australian's Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs, Vaccine Hesitancy, Vaccine Powerlessness, Right-Wing Authoritarianism, and Intellectual Humility
Patient autonomy in decision-making is more than individual belief: Understanding why health misinformation and conspiracy theories are so appealing
No full textWe live in a world filled with more information that is easier to access than ever before. Over 20 years ago, approximately 5% of all online searches related to health or medical information [1]. More recently in 2017, nearly 75% of Americans used the internet as their primary source for medical and health information [2], and approximately 50% of Australian emergency department patients went online to search for health-related information [3]. In Patient Education and Counselling, Rubinelli [4] offers a thoughtful discussion piece that considers the risk to patient autonomy in an online world filled with health (mis)information
Associations between Vaccination Conspiracy Beliefs, Vaccination Hesitancy, Vaccination Powerlessness
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
An examination of intellectualism and the Tall Poppy Syndrome in the Australian context: investigating attitudes towards scientists using a values framework and contextual information
No full textThe number of Australians leaving our shores for overseas sparked a number of political and media enquiries. Reasons put forward for this reported exodus included claims that highly skilled workers were leaving as a result of a peculiar cultural ideology which accounts for the suspicion of persons of high status or achievement, labelled The Tall Poppy Syndrome. This thesis reports three studies which examine the reasons why individuals might perceive the success of high achieving intellectuals in a negative way. It also examines the impact of existing theories of deservingness, values, anti-intellectualism, and the role of context on the perception of intellectual high achievers. Participants from both university and wider population samples took part in a pilot study (N = 25), two paper and pen vignette studies (N = 285; N = 194), and a combined national telephone and follow-up survey (N = 458). Overall these studies investigated attitudes towards intellectual high achievers, with a particular emphasis on scientists working in emerging scientific areas. Structural Equation Modelling and Multilevel Modelling were used to test a series of interrelated hypotheses that sought to establish whether: i) intellectuals were susceptible to aspects of the Tall Poppy Syndrome; ii) if values relating to intellectual activities and ideals were a better predictor of attitudes towards intellectual high achievers, such as scientists, when compared with a measure of generalised attitudes towards tall poppies; and iii) how information relating to a scientist’s intellectual motivations as well as the context that they work in influences attitudes towards them. Firstly, it was found that intellectual high achievers were quite distinct from nonintellectual high achievers as they were generally rated favourably on a set of personality and moral characteristics. The variation in positive attitudes across the two groups was significantly predicted by judgements relating to how the high achiever had attained their position (i.e., deservingness). Positive attitudes across the two groups of scientists were also associated with a need for intellectual stimulation which was in turn predicted by Conservation values. Support for the fall of tall poppies in general significantly and positively predicted a favourable attitude towards scientists in general also over and above that predicted by a positive attitude to the pursuit of intellectual activities. Finally, attitudes towards scientists working in emerging technologies differed significantly based on the type of science being carried out. It was found that attitudes towards scientists working in Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research were less favourable when compared to those working in Nanotechnology. However, there were no significant differences in attitudes across scientists based on their intellectual motivations, despite some significant two-way interactions and main effects demonstrating the importance of type of science, values and attitudes towards intellectual activities. It was concluded that judgements of intellectual high achievers such as scientists were not a product of the tall poppy syndrome, and that individual level predictors as well as contextual factors were important in determining public support for scientists working in emerging technologies. Moreover, scientists were distinct from a traditional tall poppy classification given they were perceived as hard working and deserving of their positions, and intellectual. The practical implications of the research included raising the awareness and value of the nation’s intellectual high achievers, promoting a greater level of trust in scientists carrying out complex emerging research, and promoting public support for science through the volunteering of time or services
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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