1,720,990 research outputs found
Conceptions of Contraception: Awareness and Access to Emergency Contraception Among Young Adults in Albuquerque
No full textBackground: Family planning has enormous societal, economic, and interpersonal implications. The United States, NM is no exception, has a much higher rate of unintended pregnancies (50%) than other developed countries. This is associated with poor health outcomes for the mother and the child. Emergency contraception (EC) provides a safe back up method. NM had tried to increase access to EC by licensing pharmacists to dispense it without a prescription. In addition, the FDA agreed to make it OTC for people >18 years old.
Objective: To assess young adults’ knowledge and access to EC in the Albuquerque area. Our goal is that this information will provide a better understanding of EC use in this population and thereby make EC more available.
Methods: Anonymous, self-report, survey administered in university classrooms to individuals who were 18-25 years old and willing to participate.
Results: Total 339 participants (female 199, male 140). The majority knew about EC and that it was available (95% and 96% respectively). However where it could be obtained and what exactly it was seemed unclear for the majority of participants. These results did not change based on age. Participants who discussed EC with their HCP were more likely to have used EC (p<0.0001) and know that it was different from “the abortion pill” (p=0.005). In total 33% of female participants had used EC. Women who had used EC were only slightly more likely to know that EC was available directly from a pharmacist (Fisher’s Exact Test p=0.01). Otherwise, their responses were statistically similar to the other participants.
Summary: Emergency contraception is a valuable tool in the arsenal of socially, economically, and individually important campaign of family planning. Young adults’ knowledge about EC has improved in some areas (availability from pharmacist, OCT, and the distinction between it and RU 486). Despite the change in status to OTC, public health and Planned Parenthood clinics are still the most common access point. Further study to assess the access of individuals <18 years old, actual use when women have EC on hand, and its correlation with conception is recommended. Lastly, HCP should to continue to inform patients about EC to be used as it was intended –as Plan B for when Plan A –a consistent, reliable, birth control method fails
Conceptions of Contraception: Awareness and Access to Emergency Contraception Among Young Adults in Albuquerque
Get PDFBackground: Family planning has enormous societal, economic, and interpersonal implications. The United States, NM is no exception, has a much higher rate of unintended pregnancies (50%) than other developed countries. This is associated with poor health outcomes for the mother and the child. Emergency contraception (EC) provides a safe back up method. NM had tried to increase access to EC by licensing pharmacists to dispense it without a prescription. In addition, the FDA agreed to make it OTC for people \u3e18 years old. Objective: To assess young adults knowledge and access to EC in the Albuquerque area. Our goal is that this information will provide a better understanding of EC use in this population and thereby make EC more available. Methods: Anonymous, self-report, survey administered in university classrooms to individuals who were 18-25 years old and willing to participate. Results: Total 339 participants (female 199, male 140). The majority knew about EC and that it was available (95% and 96% respectively). However where it could be obtained and what exactly it was seemed unclear for the majority of participants. These results did not change based on age. Participants who discussed EC with their HCP were more likely to have used EC (p\u3c0.0001) and know that it was different from \u27the abortion pill\u27 (p=0.005). In total 33% of female participants had used EC. Women who had used EC were only slightly more likely to know that EC was available directly from a pharmacist (Fisher\u27s Exact Test p=0.01). Otherwise, their responses were statistically similar to the other participants. Summary: Emergency contraception is a valuable tool in the arsenal of socially, economically, and individually important campaign of family planning. Young adults\u27 knowledge about EC has improved in some areas (availability from pharmacist, OCT, and the distinction between it and RU 486). Despite the change in status to OTC, public health and Planned Parenthood clinics are still the most common access point. Further study to assess the access of individuals \u3c18 years old, actual use when women have EC on hand, and its correlation with conception is recommended. Lastly, HCP should to continue to inform patients about EC to be used as it was intended —as Plan B for when Plan A —a consistent, reliable, birth control method fails.\u2
DETECTION OF HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAKS WITH A SPECIAL LOOK AT CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION IN LONG-TERM CARE FACILITIES
No full textHealthcare-associated infections (HAI) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality and a public health priority. However, standard procedures and comprehensive guidelines for HAI outbreak detection and response are still needed. This hybrid thesis describes what is known about HAI outbreaks in the introduction, reviews the HAI outbreaks reported to New Mexico Department of Health (NMDOH), in the first paper, and then in the second paper examines how established methods for detecting infectious disease outbreaks perform in identifying Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) outbreaks in long-term care facilities (LTCF) in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, and finally, it closes with our overall conclusions at this time from this work. Our main findings are that gastrointestinal illness, most commonly norovirus, in LTCFs is most likely to be reported and that in LTCFs the least complex threshold method performs with the highest sensitivity and specificity in detecting possible CDI outbreaks
Vaccine
Get PDFBackground:Afghanistan is one of two countries with endemic wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1). The oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is the predominant vaccine used for polio eradication. Although OPV has been administered in routine childhood immunization and during frequent supplementary immunization activities, WPV1 continues to circulate in Afghanistan and case incidence has been increasing since 2017. We estimated the effectiveness of OPV in Afghanistan during 2010\u20132020.Methods:We conducted a matched case-control analysis using acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance data from 29,370 children < 15 years with AFP onset between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2020. We matched children with confirmed WPV1 (cases) with children with non-polio AFP (controls) by age at onset of paralysis (+/ 12 3 months), date of onset of paralysis (+/ 12 3 months), and province of residence, and compared their reported OPV vaccination history to estimate the effectiveness of OPV in preventing paralysis by WPV1 using conditional logistic regression. To account for changes in OPV formulations provided over the analysis period, we stratified the analysis based on dates of the global switch from trivalent OPV (tOPV) to bivalent OPV (bOPV) in April 2016.Results:Between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2020, there were 329 WPV1 cases in Afghanistan. The per-dose estimated effectiveness of OPV against WPV1 was 19% (95% CI: 15%\u201322%) and of 65 7 doses was 94% (95% CI: 90%-97%). Before the global switch from tOPV to bOPV, the per-dose estimated effectiveness of OPV was 14% (95% CI: 11%-18%) and of 65 7 doses was 92% (95% CI: 85%-96%). After the switch, the per-dose estimated effectiveness of OPV against WPV1 was 32% (24%-39%) and of 65 7 doses was 96% (95% CI: 90%-99%).Discussion:OPV is highly effective in preventing paralysis by WPV1; these results indicate that continued WPV1 transmission in Afghanistan is due to failure to vaccinate, not failure of the vaccine. Although difficult to implement in parts of country, improving the administration of OPV in routine immunization and supplementary immunization activities will be critical for achieving polio eradication in Afghanistan.CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Emerg Infect Dis
Get PDFPrimary amebic meningoencephalitis is an acute, rare, typically fatal disease. We used epidemiologic risk factors and multiple cause-of-death mortality data to estimate the number of deaths that fit the typical pattern for primary amebic meningoencephalitis; we estimated an annual average of 16 deaths (8 male, 8 female) in the United States
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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