1,721,035 research outputs found
A review of cosmetic and personal care products: halal perspective and detection of ingredient
Get PDFThe term halal refers to what ispermitted by Islamic law. It is a basic need for Muslims and encompasses all materials used in everyday life including cosmetics.Muslims want to be assured that the ingredients,handling, processing, distribution, transportation and types of cosmetic used are halal compliant. The halalaspects of cosmetic and personal care products cover ingredients, all the processes involved in production right up to delivery to consumers, safety and product efficacy evaluations. In order to verify halal compliance of cosmetic products, a method of detecting halal and non-halal ingredients is very important and critically needed. Halal cosmetic standards, halal certification and the halal logo can be used as benchmarks for halal compliance. In view of the importance of cosmetic and personal care products from the halal perspective, this review will cover the halal principles, halal cosmetic and personal care products, ingredients, standard and certification as well as safety. The development of the process of detecting non-halal ingredients and authenticating halal ingredients for potential cosmetic applications in recent years are included in this paper
Determination of alcohol content in sushi and sushi dipping sauces using headspace GCMS with full evaporation technique approach / Dzulkifly Mat Hashim, Prof. Madya Dr. Faridah Abas and Noorashikin Talip
Get PDFA headspace method coupled with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) using Full Evaporation Technique (FET) approach was applied to determine ethanol content in sushi and sushi dipping sauces. FET was selected due to its advantages in elimination of matrix effect. Sample size, equilibration temperature and equilibration time were optimized. Optimum conditions of FET were 5 minutes equilibration time at 85°C with sample size less than 50p. No matrix effects were detected on ethanol as well as internal standard in starch solution up to 15% and salt content up to 5%. Thus, a universal calibration curve can be applied for different types of sample; liquid (dipping sauce) and semi solid sample (sushi). Samples with high level of ethanol were quantified using calibration curve at 0.1% to 1.0 % with split ratio of 1:90 whereas calibration curve at 0.0005% - 0.1% with split ratio 1:10 were applied for samples with low ethanol content
Rheological properties of local pineapple fruit jam
No full textThe objective of this study is to determine the rheological properties of local pineapple fruit jam at different temperatures of 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C. The experiments were conducted at room temperature using a rheometer as the measuring device. Pineapple fruit jam was chosen because this type of fruit is commonly grown in Malaysia. The jam was prepared at a Brix concentration of 50 %. The rheological properties of the pineapple jam were examined and it was found to exhibit a pseudoplastic behaviour. From the rheological data obtained, it was determined that the Herschel-Bulkey Model was the best fit model and that the Arrehenius equation successfully describes the effect of temperature on the viscosity of pineapple jam
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Potential of Microbial Polysaccharides as Halal Food Hydrocolloids / Assoc. Prof. Dr. Shuhaimi Mustafa, Dzulkifly Mat Hashim and Nurul Hawa Ahmad
Get PDFWhile the end-use markets for gelatin is largely comprised of food and beverage companies, the global market for gelatin is anticipated to reach 357.8 thousands metric tons by 2015 driven by increasing demand from developing countries. The most ubiquitous source for commercial gelatin is limited to pig skins or cow skins and bones. However animal-based gelatin is restricted due to religious and health concerns. Alternatively, microbial polysaccharides have great potential as viscosifying, stabilizing, emulsifying or gelling agents in food and pharmaceutical products. Gellan gum and dextran are microbial polysaccharides synthesized by Sphingomonas elodea and Leuconostoc mesenteroides respectively. The rheological properties of gellan/dextran blends were investigated as compared to porcine and bovine gelatin. Rheological properties of hydrocolloids are very important for applications of food products particularly in food product development and process design. The blends exhibited shear thinning behaviour and a blend of equal proportion (1:1) revealed a distinct gel point (G'=G") while further addition of dextran in the blend (1:2 ,1:3) resulted predominating liquid like behaviour (G'>G").The blend rheology would help to understand interactions between two hydrocolloids and to design food products with desired textural attributes
Mass spectrometry approach for identification of porcine and bovine gelatin biomarkers in gelatin food ingredient
Get PDFGelatin is a common food additive that is obtained by hydrolysis of collagen primarily from bovine and porcine skin and bones. The similarity between bovine and porcine gelatin makes it difficult to trace their animal origin. In this work, a combination of quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS) coupled with chemometric based statistical analysis is used to profile and distinguish the unique chemical fingerprint origin from porcine and bovine gelatin in a few commercial gelatin ingredients. Using standard gelatins made from porcine and bovine origin, the gelatine were reduced and alklylated before subjected to trypsin digestion. The digested gelatin was dried and reconstituted into small volume before injecting into a Q-TOF LC/MS system. Each sample was analyzed in multiple replicates to eliminate technical errors. Data analysis was carried out using a chemometric software, Mass Profiler Professional. Spectrum Mill was used as a protein database search engine for the identification of protein/peptide markers. This workflow was then tested by using commercially available gelatins. Data analysis were done by using molecular features/peaks finding based on grouping together corresponding ions including isotope, adduct and charge state. After molecular feature extraction on all of the samples, a chemometric software was used for statistical analysis of the differential features of each of the gelatin samples. The porcine and bovine gelatin samples can be distinguished from the statistical difference according to PCA and ANOVA analysis. The unique peptides found in the bovine and porcine gelatin were matched against the porcine and bovine peptide database to identify their amino acid sequences. This study described a workflow for profiling and identification of porcine and bovine gelatin markers using Q-TOF LC/MS and statistical analysis which could be used as a method for detection and authentication of gelatin animal origin
Discrimination of plant and animal derived MAG and DAG by principal component analysis of fatty acid composition and thermal profile data
Get PDFA study was carried out to distinguish mono- (MAG) and di-acylglycerol (DAG) from plant lipids such as sunflower, rapeseed and soybean oil, from those derived from animal fats such as lard, goat fat and beef fat using fatty acid and thermal profile data. MAG and DAG of both plant and animal lipids were synthesized according to a chemical glycerolysis method catalyzed by sodium hydroxide. MAG and DAG of individual lipid were isolated and purified using the standard column chromatography method and subjected to fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography (GC) and thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The application of principal component analysis (PCA) to the data collected from the individual instrumental technique showed that it was possible to distinctly classify MAG and DAG of plant lipids from those derived from animal fats
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