1,721,008 research outputs found
Effect of fermented concentrated potato protein on milk yield and fertility parameters in dairy cows in the prepartum and postpartum periods
No full textThis study aims to determine the effects of fermented concentrated potato protein (FCPP) which showed very high levels of indole acetic acid (IAA) on milk yield, fertility, and level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) parameters in pregnant dairy cows and pregnant heifers. In total, sixty Holstein cattle were enrolled in the study. The animals were divided into three groups, as control group (n=20), 25 g FCPP group (n=20), and 50 g FCPP group (n=20). Besides, these main groups were also divided into two sub-groups, as primiparous (n=10) and multiparous cows (n=10). Oral administration of FCPP started two weeks (14±4 days) before expected parturition and continued until postpartum day 100. The affinity of IAA found in FCPP pellets to 5HT1 and JAK2 receptors, which is thought to be related to IGF-1 release, was determined by the molecular docking method that receptor affinities were found as-5.8637 kcal/mol and-4.3857 kcal/mol, respectively. Blood IGF-1 profile was followed at 7 different time points throughout the study. It was detected that the IGF-1 concentrations have significant difference in terms of both time and groups (P0.05). FCPP supplementation generally has improved the mathematical data of fertility parameters, but no statistical significance was detected except for calving-conception interval. It was found that calving-conception interval reduce by 16.8% in primiparous cows supplemented with 25 g FCPP. The pregnancy rates in control, 25 g and 50 g FCPP were found as 72.2 %, 78.9 % and 88.9 %, respectively (P>0.05). This study has concluded that fermented concentrated potato protein (which has indole acetic acid-indole compounds) may improve the productivity of dairy cows supplemented in transition period and it has suggested that further research must be done for its usage and beneficial effects in dairy cows. © 2023, Massimo Morgante. All rights reserved
Relationships between milk insulin-like growth factor-i (IGF-I) concentration and Body condition score with reproductive performance and milk yield in Jersey cows
Full text linkIntroduction: One of the most important hormones affecting reproductive and milk yield is insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). IGF-I is closely related to nutritional status and the post-partum ovarian activity in dairy cows. It also stimulates milk synthesis and its secretion. Body condition score (BCS) is a useful management tool routinely used to predict body fat storage and energy status in dairy cows and has a strong influence on milk production and reproductive efficiency for the upcoming lactation after calving. Many publications have been available on BCS and serum or plasma IGF-I in Holstein cows. However, the information regarding the milk of Jersey cows has been limited. Therefore, further studies have been required to reveal the effect of IGF-I and BCS on reproduction and milk yield traits of this breed. Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between milk IGF-I concentration and body condition score (BCS) with reproduction performance and milk yield of Jersey cows raised at Karakoy State Farm in Samsun. Materials and methods: The mean milk IGF-I concentration and BCS were calculated by taking the mean of the three lactation periods (70±14, 140±14, and 210±14 days) using the repeated measures analysis procedure. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was applied for milk IGF-I analyses. BCS was assessed using a scale of 1 to 5 points with 0.25 unit increments. Results and discussion: The effects of stage of lactation on IGF-I and BCS classes were significant (P<0.001). The effects of mean IGF-I concentration on interval calving to first service (ICFS) (0.041), calving interval (CI) (0.042), and dry period (DP) (0.030) were found statistically important. Significant correlations were also determined between mean IGF-I and ICFS (-0.184), CI (-0.183), or lactation length (LL) (-0.155), and ICFS, CI, and LL were found to be shorter in cows with higher IGF-I. Both reproduction and milk yield traits were not affected by BCS. Conclusions: The results of the study revealed that milk IGF-I concentration may be used as an indicator to detect reproduction characteristics of dairy cows. © 2018 Massimo Morgante. All rights reserved.PYO.ZRT.1904.10.022 --This manuscript was produced from PhD thesis of the first author. Financial support was provided by the Project Menagement Office of Ondokuz Mayis University (Project No: PYO.ZRT.1904.10.022). We are also grateful to Karakoy State Farm for providing the animal and Prof. Dr. Savas¸ Ata-sever for his valuable assistance. This work was edited grammatically by Prof. Dr. Ahmet S¸ahin who has PhD degree from Leeds University, UK. -
The effect of vitamin E administration to dairy cows in the prepartum period on some metabolic, oxidative, and reproductive parameters
No full textThe purpose of this study was to investigate how vitamin E affected oxidative stress, metabolic biomarkers, and reproductive parameters in cows during late gestation. The study used forty healthy, multiparous cows in late gestation. The animals were di-vided into two groups, control (n.20) and experimental (n:20) group, ten (±5) days before birth. On the same day, 10 ml of blood sample was drawn from each animal’s tail vein, and the cows in the experimental group received 3000 mg of vitamin E (DL-al-pha-tocopherol acetate) intramuscularly, whereas the cows in the control group received 20 ml of 0.9% NaCl. On calving day and on the 15th day after the calving, blood samples were taken again. The serums of the blood samples taken were separated and stored at-80 C until the analysis. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione (GSH), Glucose (GLU), Triglyceride (TG), Cortisol (COR), Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT), Gamma Glutamyl Trans-ferase (GGT) and Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT) in the samples were measured. Calving-first estrus, calving-first in-semination, calving-conception, and artificial insemination per pregnancy were recorded to determine the reproductive performance of the cows involved in the study. Vitamin E administration to cows during the peripartum period was found to boost GSH and GSH-Px levels at birth while decreasing GPT levels (p0.05). Vitamin E was proven to be useful in lowering birth stress and protecting the liver when given to cows in late gestational stages. It is thought that it may also be effective in improving reproductive parameters, but the study should be replicated with more animals. © 2022, Massimo Morgante. All rights reserved
Estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters for body condition score, milk yield and milk composition, and factors affecting related traits during the first 150 days of lactation in Holstein cows
Full text linkThis study aimed to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters for BCS, milk yield and its composition in Holstein cows. The data were collected in the first 150 days in milk (DIM) of 317 Holstein cows calved between 2017 and 2018 raised at a pri-vate dairy cattle farm located in Kırşehir of Turkey. In this study, parity and DIM were included as fixed factors in the model. The cows were grouped according to their BCS: low (BCS≤2.50), moderate (BCS=2.75-3.00) and high (BCS≥3.25). The results showed that effects of parity and DIM on BCS, test-day milk yield (TDMY), solids-non-fat (SNF), protein content (PC), lactose (LACT), fat yield (FY) and protein yield (PY) were significantly important (P<0.05), whereas fat content (FC) was not. The highest TDMY, FY and PY were determined in cows with low BCS. FC, SNF, PC and LACT were the highest in cows with high BCS compared to those with low BCS and moderate BCS. The estimated heritability were 0.188, 0.301, 0.184, 0.197, 0.194, 0.223, 0.196 and 0.342 for BCS, TDMY, FC, SNF, PC, LACT, FY and PY, respectively. Repeatability for these traits was estimated to vary from 0.257 to 0.521. Genetic correlations between BCS and milk yield traits were generally low and ranged from-0.175 to 0.191. Low to moderate phenotypic correlations were also observed between BCS and milk yield traits (-0.234 to 0.217). Despite estimated low heritability and correlations during the early lactation period in our study, these results showed that cows with lower BCS had higher milk yield and lower milk contents, and selection programs including BCS will lead to slight improvements of milk yield traits in Holstein cows. © 2022, Massimo Morgante. All rights reserved
Digestibility and sorting of hay-based total mixed rations employed in the parmigiano-reggiano area as affected by dietary particle size distribution
No full textIntroduction-Together with chemical composition, also the physical form of the Total Mixed Ration (TMR) has been demon-strated to affect dairy cattle digestive physiology and productive performance. However, few studies have been performed on the hay-based diets typically administered to dairy cattle in specific regions like the Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese production area. Moreover, almost none of these studies focused on the relationship between particle size distribution and diet digestion parameters. This relationship needs to be investigated together with the effect of particle size on sorting, in order to provide recommendation on the particle size distribution to be achieved to improve the efficiency of use of these hay-based diets. Aim-The aim of the present trial was to investigate the relationship between TMR particle size distribution, diet digestibility and sorting of hay-based diets in lactating dairy cows. Materials and methods-Five farms located in the Parmigiano-Reggiano production area were involved in the study. Three sampling procedures were performed in each farm with 15 day intervals at 0, 12 and 24 hours after TMR delivery. Five fecal samples were collected 12 hours after feed distribution from fresh healthy lactating cows (60 to 90 days in milk). Physical, chemical and digestibility analyses were performed on the TMR samples. Particle size distribution was determined using the Penn State Particle Separator (PSPS) and total tract apparent dry matter digestibility (ttaDMDe) and total tract apparent neutral detergent fibre digestibility (ttaNDFDe) were estimated using undigested NDF (uNDF-residual NDF after 240 h of fermentation) as a marker in both diet and feces. Dietary uNDF was calculated as weighted average of the uNDF determined on TMR samples collected at the 3 intervals assuming a 60% TMR intake in the first 12 hours after distribution. The relationship between the dietary residues retained on each sieve of the PSPS and ttaDMDe and ttaNDFDe were studied through a curve fitting procedure. The effect of particle size distribution at feed delivery on sorting was also investigated. Results and discussion-The distribution of the TMR particles, expressed as percentage of the total mass, on the 3 screens and bottom pan was on average 12.1%, 25.2%, 35.1% and 27.4% (Upper-U-, Medium-M-; Lower-L-; and Bottom-B-respectively). The estimated digestibilities were the highest when the U sieve residues ranged between 10-15% (DMD: 68.35% DM; NDFD: 52.76% NDF); the M sieve residue was around 25% (DMD: 68.73% DM; NDFD: 52.27% NDF), the L sieve ranged from 35 to 40% (DMD: 66.56% DM; NDFD: 50.60% NDF) and the proportion of particles retained in the bottom pan was around 40% (DMD: 68.36% DM; NDFD: 51.57% NDF). Aside from the general sorting against longer particles, the farm with the lowest geometric mean value in the delivered TMR (farm 4: 3.92 mm) shows an increase, after 12 h, in the proportion of particles held in the B. The increased proportion of the biggest particles in the diet (>19 mm) retained on the U sieves was directly related to the variation in the particle size distribution after 12 h. Conclusions-Particle size seems to affect both digestibility and sorting parameters. A careful preparation of the hay-based TMR diet, considering the suggested values of particle size distribution, may improve the efficiency of its degradation and digestion
Fetal retention due to unilateral partial uterine horn torsion in a ewe
No full textUterine torsion has low incidence in small ruminants, which causes the dystocia. This presented report describes, for the first time, partial foetal retention due to the dystocia resulting from unilateral partial uterine horn torsion in a ewe. A pregnant Merinos breed ewe was presented with the history of dystocia. Anamnesis pointed out that a half foetus was removed and cranial parts of the foetus were in uterus. Clinically, abdominal distension and pain were observed. Vaginal examination revealed an opened cervix, and a left sided located fetal part was felt by palpation; however, it was not possible to reach the foetus due to uterine horn torsion. Radiography showed the remained cranial parts of the foetus. Considering the clinical and radiological findings, caesarean section was performed. Abdominal exploration revealed 270 degrees clockwise rotated left uterine horn, which was at cranial 1/2 part of the uterine horn. After the removing of the foetal parts, all incisions were sutured routinely. Analgesic and antibiotic medications were recommended to the owner. It was informed that ewe was healthy at postoperative ten days
First isolation of salmonella duisburg from quail flock
No full textSUMMARY The first isolation of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Duisburg (S. Duisburg) (4,12,[27]:d:e,n,z15) from quails was pre-sented in this case report. Internal organs and ileocecal parts of intestines were collected from quails at 20-day old age in the flock (total of 150 quails) located in South Marmara region of Turkey. Isolation was performed according to International Organization for Standardization Method 6579. Regarding the identification of Salmonella-suspected colonies, API 20E test strips and Phoenix 100 ID/AST system were used. Serotyping of the isolate was undertaken using the slide serum agglutination test. Minimum in-hibitory concentration results showed that Salmonella isolate was susceptible to all the tested antimicrobials. Although the promi-nent species is chicken in poultry, quail breeding increases its importance and extensiveness. Therefore this study may be useful not only for current antibiotic practices in quail breeding but also for further studies on avian microbiology
Frequency of White line disease and Sole ulcers and impact of hoof trimming in examined herds of Simmental cows
No full textLameness as a consequence of hoof disorders is gaining significance in animal health considerations with a particular impact in tie-hold systems. Preventive hoof trimming becomes an important zootechnic measure and procedure for the health and welfare improvement of cows. The objective of our study was to demonstrate findings of sole ulcers and white line diseases of cattle on smallholder farms. Another aspect was to display our observations on hoof trimming within the perspective of sole ulcers and white line disease in the examined herds. A total of 108 Simmental cows from 14 small noncommercial farms located in the Mačva district, Western Serbia, from March to October in 2020 were observed. The trimming procedure was performed by the Dutch method with cows fixed in a mobile chute for hoof trimming. Also, medical treatment of the hoof was provided as needed, using orthopedic foot blocks (wooden and rubberized blocks). Before treatment the white line disease and sole ulcers were present in 12 herds (85.7%). After treatment, there was a decrease in the frequency of sole ulcers positive herds (from 85.7% to 78.5%), while the frequency of white line disease in herds remained unchanged. Regarding cows, a frequency of white line disease of 25.0% was reduced to 18.5%, showing a significant difference (p<0.05) before and after treatment. The frequency of sole ulcers in cows of 23.1% was reduced to 15.7% on re-examination six months after trimming though the difference was not significant, respectively (P<0.05). White line disease and sole ulcers are widespread diseases of hooves on small noncommercial farms in Serbia. This study also provides insights that show the health status of cows’ hooves and demonstrated the importance of regular hoof trimming. Our findings suggest that regular hoof trimming (twice a year) and adequate housing conditions are crucial for improving the health of hooves
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