1,721,052 research outputs found
Role of the Metal Center in the Ethylene Polymerization Promoted by Group 4 Complexes Supported by a Tetradentate [OSSO]-Type Bis(phenolato) Ligand
No full textStructural properties of hydrophilic polymeric chains bearing covalently-linked hydrophobic substituents: Exploring the effects of chain length, fractional loading and hydrophobic interaction strength with coarse grained potentials and Monte Carlo simulations
No full textChemical and physical properties of polymeric species in solution strongly depend on their structure, which can be modulated by covalently linking substituents of different solubility. In this work, the effect of changing the interaction strength and fractional loading of hydrophobic substituents on semi-flexible hydrophilic polymers of varying chain length is studied by means of Monte Carlo simulations and coarse grained model potentials. The latter are chosen in order to provide a more factual representation of a chain in diluted solution, introducing substituent flexibility and realistic torsional and bending potentials. Upon increasing the number and the interaction strength of the substituents, our results indicate a less steep rise of the chain gyration radius and "end to end" distance for the chain length than predicted for an unsubstituted polymer in an almost good solvent. Moreover, a "disordered to compact" structural transition appears. In parallel, the formation of hydrophobic nuclei and the consequent appearance of flexible polymer loops grafted to the semi-rigid cores is witnessed. The core formation resembles a nucleation phenomenon, where the change in the interaction between the substituents modulates the free energy surface for the aggregation process similarly to the change in chemical potential. Interestingly, it has been found that a single chain containing a sufficiently high number of interacting substituents may give rise to the formation of multiple cores, suggesting that the chain stiffness may play a role in defining the structure of the free energy minimum. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Interpreting "acidity" as a global property controlling comonomer reactivity in olefin polymerization
No full textA possible rationale for the different catalytic behaviors of systems based on rac-(ethylenebis(1-indenyl))zirconium dichloride (rac-EBIZrCl2), rac-(ethylenebis(1-indenyl))hafnium dichloride (rac-EBIHfCl2), and rac-(isopropylidenebis(1-indenyl))zirconium dichloride (rac-iPrBIZrCl2) toward ethene–styrene copolymerization has been sought by studying related active systems. For this purpose, the metallocene ion pairs (IPs) rac-EBIZrMe—MeB(C6F5)3, rac-EBIHfMe—MeB(C6F5)3, and rac-iPrBIZrMe—MeB(C6F5)3 have been synthesized and their structures in solution explored with ROESY and pulsed gradient NMR spectroscopy. The energetics of dynamical processes relevant for catalysis that can be used as indicators of the cation acidity have been studied with variable-temperature NMR experiments and density functional theory (DFT). NMR experiments successfully provided IP structural details in solution and also indicated the presence of an intricate dynamic behavior for all the IPs. DFT results, instead, indicated quantitatively how changing the metal and/or the ancillary ligand bridge influences the energetics of the active species and modifies the reaction energy profile. The theoretical results also drew attention to the fact that finding a rationale for the ligand influence on the catalytic behavior of rac-EBIZrCl2/MAO and rac-iPrBIZrCl2/MAO in ethene–styrene copolymerization requires not only considering the steric effects but also determining how subtle changes in the ligand sphere affect the capability of the metal center to accept electrons from the counteranion or the olefins
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Reactivity of a Cationic Alkyl Amino-Functionalized Cyclopentadienyl Aluminum Compound with Olefins: NMR Observation and Computational Investigation of the Single Propene Insertion Product into an Al-C Bond
Full text linkIn this study the reactivity of the compound dimethyl [2-(N,N-dimethylethylen)cyclopentadienyl)]Al(III) toward ionizing species and the subsequent reactivity toward ethylene and propene have been explored. Reactions were studied via NMR tube experiments. Upon methyl abstraction by the Lewis acid B(C(6)F(5))(3), the amine donor on the ligand side arm coordinates to aluminum, stabilizing the resulting cationic species versus secondary reactions. The obtained cationic species was able to polymerize ethylene, albeit with low activity. Reaction with propene resulted in the selective 1,2-insertion of one propene molecule into an Al-C bond of the Al-Cp moiety. Density functional and ab initio calculations were used to characterize the energy landscape of the insertion into the Al-Cp bond for both ethylene and propene. The computational results suggest this reaction to be more facile than the insertion into the Al-Me bond
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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