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Studi Kuantitas Endosperma dan Penciri Spesifik Kelapa Kopyor Berbasis Marka Molekuler, Histologi dan Differentially Expressed Gene
No full textTanaman kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) adalah tanaman tropika, sering
disebut The tree of life karena hampir seluruh bagian tanamannya memiliki
manfaat bagi kehidupan manusia. Kelapa kopyor adalah kelapa mutan dengan
penampilan yang unik. Endosperma kelapa kopyor cenderung terlepas dari
batoknya, dikategorikan kedalam 9 kelas yaitu skor 1 hingga 9. Semakin tinggi
skor kuantitas endosperma berarti semakin terlepas endosperma dari batoknya.
Tujuan penelitian disertasi ini adalah 1) mengkaji keragaman fenotipik sifat
kuantitas endosperma serta keragaman genetik dan struktur populasi kelapa
kopyor di Agom Lampung, 2) melakukan analisis tetua jantan berbasis SSR dan
kendali genetik sifat kuantitas endosperma, 3) mengevaluasi keragaan progeni dan
pendugaan parameter genetik sifat kuantitas endosperma kopyor melalui
persilangan terkontrol, 4) mempelajari perbedaan sifat jaringan daun kelapa
normal versus kelapa kopyor melalui studi histologi, 5) melakukan analisis DEG
guna mengkaji perbedaan ekspresi gen endosperma kelapa normal vs kelapa
kopyor.
Berdasarkan skoring yang dilakukan terhadap 251 sampel buah kelapa
kopyor diperoleh persentase buah kelapa dengan skor 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
berturut turut sebanyak 51.00%, 18.72%, 13.54%, 7.57%, 4.38%, 3.59%, 0.40%,
0.40%, 0.40%. Berdasarkan nilai daya gabung umum dapat diidentifikasi tetua
betina bergenotipe unggul untuk sifat kuantitas endosperma yaitu TB-79, TB-60,
TB-86, TB-126 dan TB-82. Hasil analisa mengindikasikan bahwa kebun kelapa
Agom Lampung memiliki keragaman genetik yang tinggi (Ho = 0.57 dan He =
0.68) sehingga kebun ini perlu dikelola dengan baik sebagai sumber plasma
nutfah kelapa kopyor.
Analisis molekuler SSR menggunakan DNA daun pohon dewasa dan DNA
embrio zigotik buah kelapa kopyor dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi tetua jantan
dari buah kopyor. Analisis tetua jantan (paternal analysis) berbasis SSR berhasil
mengidentifikasi 31 tetua jantan dari 53 progeni. Analisis tetua jantan
mengindikasikan bahwa tetua donor polen merupakan pohon dewasa anggota
populasi Agom Lampung, dengan demikian tetua jantan seperti halnya tetua
betina juga merupakan individu yang bersifat heterozigot. Tetua jantan TJ-127,
TJ-185, TJ-242 dinilai berpotensi digunakan sebagai tetua jantan unggul untuk
pengembangan kelapa kopyor kuantitas endosperma tinggi. Analisis chi square
mengindikasikan bahwa sifat kuantitas endosperma merupakan sifat genetik yang
dikendalikan oleh 2 gen dan bersifat duplicate recessive epistatic. Nisbah fenotipe
buah kelapa dengan kuantitas endosperma rendah : tinggi adalah 15:1. Buah
kopyor dengan genotipe endosperma kkkqqq memiliki kuantitas endosperma
tinggi (kisaran skor 3-9), dan buah kopyor yang bergenotipe kkkQ-- adalah buah
dengan kuantitas endosperma rendah (kisaran skor 1-2). Buah normal berkuantitas
endosperma skor 1 ditentukan genotipe K--Q-- atau Kkkqqq.
Persilangan terkontrol dengan mating design NC II menghasilkan hanya
12% buah yang berhasil dipanen. Pendugaan keragaman genetik tidak dilakukan
karena terbatasnya data, namun beberapa informasi menarik diperoleh dari
penelitian ini. Persilangan terkontrol menghasilkan buah kopyor dan buah normal,
hal ini mengkonfirmasi bahwa pohon-pohon kelapa tipe Dalam Agom Lampung
adalah pohon heterozigot sedangkan pohon Genjah koleksi Balitpalma adalah
pohon homozigot.
Petani memperoleh bibit kopyor dari buah kelapa normal yang bergenotipe
heterozigot Kk. Buah kelapa normal KK dan Kk tidak terlihat bedanya secara
visual, ketika telah menjadi bibitpun masih sulit membedakan antara bibit
heterozigot dan homozigot. Kajian histologi daun dilakukan untuk menambah
informasi yang dapat digunakan sebagai penciri antara bibit kelapa kopyor
heterozigot dan bibit kelapa normal. Penelitian histologi daun kelapa kopyor
homozigot kk, kelapa kopyor heterozigot Kk dan kelapa normal KK
mengindikasikan bahwa pada stadia daun muda (tertutup) daun kelapa kopyor
heterozigot Kk memiliki daun yang lebih tebal dibandingkan daun kelapa kopyor
homosigot maupun kelapa normal. Pada fase daun muda terbuka, daun kelapa
kopyor heterozigot Kk memiliki ketebalan lapisan epidermis bawah yang paling
tipis sementara daun kelapa normal paling tebal. Pada fase daun tua, ketebalan
lapisan epidermis bawah daun kelapa kopyor heterozigot tidak berbeda nyata
dengan daun kelapa normal. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa perbedaan histologi
daun dan morfologi daun dapat dijadikan indikator pembeda bibit kelapa kopyor.
Perkembangan pesat teknologi omic memungkinkan dilakukannya
sekuensing seluruh genom atau transkrip suatu organisme secara cepat. Guna
mengetahui perbedaan ekspresi gen pada endosperma kelapa normal dan kelapa
kopyor dilakukan studi transkriptomik. Hingga saat ini belum ada data base
genomik atau transkriptomik kelapa kopyor
Profiling transkriptomik hasil RNAseq banyak dimanfaatkan dalam mencari
Differentially Expressed Gene (DEG), yaitu gen yang menunjukkan perbedaan
pada tingkat ekspresi pada dua kondisi yang berbeda. Analisis RNA denovo
berhasil memperoleh total unigenes sebanyak 429,790. Analisis Gen Ontologi
(GO) terhadap unigenes berhasil mengidentifikasi tiga klasifikasi utama gen
fungsional, yaitu proses biologi (13%), komponen seluler (12%), dan fungsi
molekuler (10%). Terdapat 277,843 unigenes (65%) yang tidak memiliki
kesesuaian atau homologi dengan data base internasional atau yang dikenal
sebagai no hit. Berdasarkan analisis DEG terdapat hanya 4,829 unigenes (1.1%)
yang tingkat ekspresinya berbeda nyata secara statistik antara endosperma normal
dan kopyor. Analisis DEG menghasilkan dua kategori yaitu 2,264 gen upregulated
dan 2,565 gen down-regulated pada endosperma normal. Analisis lebih
lanjut menemukan 19 unigenes terkait proses biosintesis asam lemak, dua gen
diantaranya teridentifikasi sebagai gen FatB yang terekspresi nyata lebih tinggi
pada endosperma kopyor (nilai FC > 80 kali) dibanding endosperma normal
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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