1,720,976 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Behavioural Ecology of Free-ranging and Reintroduced African Wild Dog (Lycaon pictus) Packs in the Serengeti Ecosystem, Tanzania
Get PDFWorldwide, large carnivore conservation has become an increasing challenge in the face of human population growth and anthropogenic development adjacent to protected areas. African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) range widely and have low population densities. Such behaviours may expose the species to more anthropogenic influences than other large carnivores.
The Loliondo Game Controlled Area (LGCA) is characterized by a recently increasing human population with the majority being semi-nomadic Maasai pastoralists. The area has simultaneously accommodated an average of 10 packs of wild dogs, totalling about 120 individuals per year for the past decade. The packs range in different areas, avoiding areas near village centres, and the highest mean numbers of sightings were located in treed shrubland vegetation. Furthermore, retaliatory killings of wild dogs through poisoning of adult wild dogs and burning of pups in dens by local people due to livestock depredation, represents the greatest threats to wild dog conservation in the area.
An analysis of dispersal movement behaviour revealed the longest distances moved by wild dogs recorded to date. The two disperser groups covered straight-line distances of 250.4 and 520 km. We further observed that the dispersers utilized natural vegetation, as opposed to transformed habitats, more than 90% of the time.
In terms of home range utilization and habitat selection by African wild dogs, analysis of GPS satellite collar data revealed that the free-ranging packs had shorter step lengths, higher clustering in June - September and no clear patterns in the net squared displacement (NSD) compared to the reintroduced packs, which had smaller and larger core home range sizes throughout the long and short dry seasons, respectively. The wild dogs also changed foraging behaviours between seasons under different woody covers and selected different landforms during day and night. Hilly areas were preferentially selected during the night, and breaks, hills and low mountains were preferentially selected during daylight hours.
Our results further revealed that ten potential prey species of small to medium size herbivores were found within wild dog home ranges, of which Thomson's gazelle (Eudorcas thomsonii), wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus), impala (Aepyceros melampus) and zebra (Equus quagga) showed the highest mean densities. Furthermore, a faecal analysis showed that Kirk's dik dik (Madoqua kirkii), Grant's gazelle (Nanger granti), impala and Thomson's gazelle had significant spatio-temporal variability. Grant's gazelle and impala were the most preferred species by wild dog packs in the Serengeti ecosystem.
Evaluation of the wild dog reintroduction programme showed mixed levels of success after four packs established home ranges in livestock-free areas in the western part of the Serengeti ecosystem. The NSD model indicated that one reintroduced pack showed high release site fidelity. Survival rates for both the reintroduced and free-ranging male wild dogs to the age of 12 months were relatively high, with 68.29 % (n = 28) and 65.38 % (n = 17) respectively. We found no significant difference in survival rate between free-ranging and released individuals, but females tended to have lower survival than males, and pups had significantly lower survival than adults. Furthermore, two reintroduced packs reproduced successfully with an average of six pups survived after denning.
Based on our findings, effective monitoring of wild dogs in the Serengeti ecosystem should adopt a multi-institutional approach in a joint effort to conserve wild dogs to attain a long-term viable population. A detailed analysis of the movement behaviour of both resident and dispersing wild dog packs between natural vegetation cover and developed human areas is essential for future assessment of available habitat patches and population connectivity for wild dog conservation.
The findings from prey occurrences in the wild dog home ranges suggested that future research should focus on the influence of the landscape features (i.e., topography) on African wild dog prey selection in the Serengeti ecosystem. Lastly, we determined in this study that reintroduction had mixed success based on pack establishment under the two wild dog pack release protocols. Therefore, it is essential to further evaluate the reintroduction programme using longer-term data by incorporating other factors, including the eventual site of establishment, habitat suitability, assessment of community changes in attitudes on livestock depredation incidences by wild dogs in LGCA and wild dog packs utilization during denning into different landscape in the Serengeti ecosystem
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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