1,720,999 research outputs found
Language differences and entry modes: a quantitative study
No full textThe increasing foreign activity of businesses makes it necessary to evaluate the criteria hinder internationalization efforts. When evaluating foreign entry modes, there are several options to consider, ranging from acquisitions to joint ventures. To assess which entry mode is most optimal for each business, language and its differences must be considered. Differences in language between the home and the target country are believed to play a significant role in determining the distribution of transaction costs, which in turn determines entry mode efficiency. Given the lack of extensive academic literature on the topic, this thesis has empirically investigated the impact of language differences on the choice between joint venture and acquisition modes of foreign entry.
The statistical analysis was performed using a logistic regression for 106,790 entries distributed across most regions of the world. The results showed that, as the linguistic distance between two countries increases, a joint venture entry is preferred in order to fulfill the role of translator. Furthermore, the level of shared language negatively moderated this relationship. In summary, differences in language were found to have a clear impact on entry mode choices. The main limitation consist of the omission of greenfield entry mode from the stud
The effect of corporate tax and labor tax rates on FDI flows
No full textThis master’s thesis utalizes a gravity equation model to analyse the determinants of FDI flows between the OECD member states. Beside the standard FDI variables in the literature, such as GDP, distance, trade openness and common language, the focus of this thesis is on the effects of the host country tax rates, specifically the labor tax rate and the corporate tax rate. A period of 2000-2022 is analysed using the preffered estimator the Poisson Pseudo maximum likelihood (PPML) estimator. OLS regressions are ran as robustness. In the second step of the analysis, the potential moderating effects of the host country economic structure are analysed. The variable capital intensity as a proxy for economic structure is incorporated as a interaction term with the tax rate in the model. The hypothesized relationships are that both a higher corporate tax rate and a higher labor tax rate result in a reduction in FDI flows. Moreover, that the corporate tax rate matters more in countries characterized by capital intensive economies and the labor tax rate more in countries characterized by labor intensive industries. The main results suggest that there are some relations, but no conclusive evidence is found
Looking under the hood: embedded actors and local institutions in the making of Globalization
Get PDFDe belangrijkste stelling in dit proefschrift is dat mondialisering niet gezien kan worden als een "natuurverschijnsel" dat door inherente ontwikkelingen zoals technologische vooruitgang gedreven wordt. Mondialisering kan beter worden beschouwd als zijnde ingebed, dat wil zeggen, gevormd, beperkt en gereguleerd door de omgeving waarin het plaatsvindt. Het belangrijkste uitgangspunt voor dit argument is dat mondialisering het resultaat is van interactie tussen meerdere agenten. Deze agenten zijn ingebed in en worden gevormd door de specifieke kenmerken van hun sociale en politieke omgeving. Zij zijn dragers van normen en waarden, en zijn onderhevig aan institutionele structuren en sociale relaties die hun belangen, keuzes en gedrag beïnvloeden. Het gevolg van deze interactie - "mondialisering" in het geval dat agenten in meer dan een staat zijn ingebed - komt dienovereenkomstig tot stand. Zelfs als het "mondiale" als een nieuw niveau van analyse wordt gezien, gaat het nog steeds om ingebedde agenten en daarmee is het concept ook ingebed
The Politics of Wealth Inequality: Rent Seeking Induced Inequality Traps
No full textNot to be published
Do differences in national culture and political leadership explain heterogenous cross-country COVID-19 pandemic outcomes?
No full textAbstract: In this thesis, I explore the effect of culture and national leadership on the heterogeneous COVID-19 pandemic performances, measured by excess mortality, across OECD countries. These differences are analysed and tested through machine learning, with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). While LASSO finds relevant coefficients for all five hypothesis variables, only two (power distance and the democracy index) are also relevant in both the robustness checks. Individualism and having a female head of government are relevant in one of the robustness checks and uncertainty avoidance is relevant in none. I offer several explanations for these findings including some limitations. Countries should take these cultural and political factors into account when considering policy responses aimed at constricting the pandemic growth.
Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic, social distancing, culture, democracy, national leadership, machine learning, lass
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Parasitical cultures? The cultural origins of institutions and development
Get PDF<p>Do cultural attitudes affect institutions and economic performance? This paper suggests they do. To measure the impact of cultural attitudes we use prevalence rates of the common parasite Toxoplasma gondii which is known to affect individual attitudes and societal values in predictable ways. By using prevalence rates of Toxoplasma as instrument for cultural variation, we are able to isolate the effects of cultural attitudes on institutions, distinguishing them from effects of institutions and economic outcomes on culture. We find that our indicators of cultural attitudes are significant determinants of institutional quality, and strong predictors of long-run economic performance.</p>
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