1,721,121 research outputs found
Towards an integrated psychoneurophysiological approach of irritable bowel syndrome
Get PDFIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort accompanied by disturbed bowel habits. It is among the most frequently occurring functional bowel syndromes, but the pathophysiology is poorly understood. A variety of mechanisms have been proposed in symptom generation, including enhanced visceral sensitivity, disturbed intestinal motility, autonomic dysfunction, mucosal inflammation, altered immune activity, altered processing of afferent sensory information, and psychological disturbances. These alterations probably reflect dysfunction at different levels of the brain-gut axis. The concept of the brain-gut axis as a model to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of IBS has been the basis of research in IBS over the last decades and the framework for this thesis. In IBS patients, we demonstrate altered autonomic function by decreased baroreflex sensitivity, changes in proximal and distal gut hormone secretion, impaired postprandial rectocolonic reflex, and increased frequency of a high-producer TNF-alpha gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), compared to healthy individuals. Furthermore, results from a randomized controlled trial favour relaxation training over standard medical care for the treatment of IBS. Finally, we test the validity of a previously published comprehensive working model of IBS, based on the brain-gut axis.J.E. Jurriaanse Stichting; several pharmaceutical industries.UBL - phd migration 201
MRI for evaluation of gastric physiology
Get PDFOnderzocht werd of het mogelijk was om met MRI de maagfysiologie op non-invasieve wijze te onderzoeken. Allereerst werd de MRI gevalideerd met de barostatmethode, waarna de fysiologie van de maag werd onderzocht bij gezonde proefpersonen. Dit bleek betrouwbare resultaten op te leveren. Hierna is een groep gezonden vergeleken met een groep pati_nten met functionele dyspepsie. Met MRI bleken verschillen tussen deze twee groepen duidelijk waarneembaar te zijn. In het laatste deel werd de werking van somatostatine op de maagfysiologie bij gezonden en bij patienten met functionele dyspepsie onderzocht. Met MRI bleek ook hier een effect van somatostatine aantoonbaar te zijn. Er werd geconcludeerd, dat het MRI goed mogelijk is om de maagfysiologie en het effect van medicamenten op de maagfysiologie op non-invasieve wijze te onderzoeken.Guerbet Philips Medical Systems Stichting Imago BontiusstichtingUBL - phd migration 201
Reflux Mechanisms in Gerd : Analysis of the role of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations
Get PDFLeids Universitair Medisch CentrumJanssen-Cilag B.V., Roche Nederland B.V., Olympus Nederland B.V., AstraZeneca B.V., Altana Pharma B.V.Regulatieprocessen in de basale en klinische gastroenterologi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Intragastric acidification inhibits motilin-induced phase III activity in humans
No full textIn a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design we studied the effect of gastric acidification on motilin-induced interdigestive antropyloroduodenal motility. Ten healthy volunteers participated in the study consisting of four experiments. Each experiment started after a spontaneous occurring phase III and consisted of intragastric infusion of either saline or acid (0.08 mol L(-1) HCl) for 90 min and intravenous infusion of either saline or motilin (4 pmol kg(-1) min(-1)) for 30 min. Antropyloroduodenal motility and pH were recorded continuously for 240 min. Reoccurrence of phase III was significantly (P < 0.05) earlier during intragastric saline-intravenous motilin infusion compared with control (intragastric saline-intravenous saline), 52 min (range 25-79) and 113 min (84-141) respectively. This effect was completely abolished during intragastric acid-intravenous motilin infusion, 112 min (82-142). The percentage of phase III of antral origin was significantly (P < 0.05) higher during intragastric saline-intravenous motilin infusion (90%) compared with control (30%). The mean area under the contraction (AUC) for phase II was significantly (P < 0.05) lower during intragastric saline-intravenous motilin infusion and intragastric acid-intravenous saline infusion compared with control. It is concluded that in humans intragastric acidification inhibits the effect of motilin on antroduodenal motility, decreases the AUC of antral phase II contractions and delays the occurrence of phase III of the migrating motor complex
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