44 research outputs found
High-Level Petri Nets as Type Theories in the Join Calculus
No full textWe study the expressiveness of the join calculus by comparison with (generalised, coloured) Petri nets and using tools from type theory. More precisely, we consider four classes of nets of increasing expressiveness, , introduce a hierarchy of type systems of decreasing strictness, , , and we prove that a join process is typeable according to if and only if it is (strictly equivalent to) a net of class . In the details, and contain, resp., usual place/transition and coloured Petri nets, while and propose two natural notions of high-level net accounting for dynamic reconfiguration and process creation and called reconfigurable and dynamic Petri nets, respectively
From Body Fuel to Universal Poison
No full textThis book explores our changing relationship with meat as food. Half storytelling and half historic work, it analyzes the way in which humans have dealt with the idea of eating animals in the Western world, from 1900 to the present. The story part of the book follows the rise and fall of meat, and illustrates how this type of food has become a problem in a more emotional way. The historical component informs and offers readers key data. The author draws on theories of circular societies, smart cities and smart countries to explain how and why forms of meat production that were common in the past have since all but disappeared. Both components, however, explain why meat has been important and why it has now become a problem. In tracing the fall of meat, the author identifies a host of dilemmas. These include fossil energy, pollution, illnesses caused by eating meat, factory farming, and processed foods. Lastly, the book offers a possible solution. The answer focuses on new forms of meat obtained without killing animals and in a sense resembles renewable energy. Overall, this unique cultural history offers revealing insights into how meat affects social relations, interpersonal relationships, and humanity as a whole
A First Order Coalgebraic Model of pi-Calculus Early Observational Equivalence
No full textIn this paper, we propose a compositional coalgebraic semantics of the π-calculus based on a novel approach for lifting calculi with structural axioms to coalgebraic models. We equip the transition system of the calculus with permutations, parallel composition and restriction operations, thus obtaining a bialgebra. No prefix operation is introduced, relying instead on a clause format defining the transitions of recursively defined processes. The unique morphism to the final bialgebra induces a bisimilarity relation which coincides with observational equivalence and which is a congruence with respect to the operations. The permutation algebra is enriched with a name extrusion operator δ à la De Brujin, that shifts any name to the successor and generates a new name in the first variable x 0. As a consequence, in the axioms and in the SOS rules there is no need to refer to the support, i.e., the set of significant names, and, thus, the model turns out to be first order
A Compositional Coalgebraic Model of Monadic Fusion Calculus
No full textWe propose a compositional coalgebraic semantics of the Fusion calculus of Parrow and Victor in the version with explicit fusions by Gardner and Wischik. We follow a recent approach developed by the same authors and previously applied to the pi-calculus for lifting calculi with structural axioms to bialgebraic models. In our model, the unique morphism to the final bialgebra induces a bisimilarity relation which coincides with hyperequivalence and which is a congruence with respect to the operations. Interesting enough, the explicit fusion approach allows to exploit for the Fusion calculus essentially the same algebraic structure used for the pi-calculus
Il coinvolgimento del partenariato nella costruzione del PSR 2014-2020 della Regione Liguria
No full textLa «fatica nera» dello scrivere: Una lingua per il teatro di Beppe Fenoglio
No full textThis paper explores the language and the style of Fenoglio’s theatrical works. The analysis comprehends La Voce nella Tempesta, Serenate a Bretton Oaks and some unfinished fragments. The importance of Fenoglio’s plays resides both in the thematic and linguistic influences they had on the later novels. However, if the manipulation of the content has already drawn the interest of the scholars, it is not possible to say the same for the stylistic process. This constitutes a fundamental laboratory where the author felt free of trying himself on a new language. Indeed, Fenoglio grew up in a dialectical context, where the school remained the main source of the Italian language. This means, linguistically speaking, that Fenoglio had to absorb the model of Manzoni and D’Annunzio before elaborating his own style. As my analyse will show, the plays present the influences of this literary past and, at the same time, the clear attempt of going beyond it. In fact, the author sees in the theatre the possibility of displaying a new language which is more fluid, sharp and colloquial. Thus, in this analysis it will be possible to discuss the steps which led the author from the prescription of the school to the polyphonic language of his latest works.
Questo articolo ha come oggetto la lingua del teatro di Fenoglio, che comprende i testi de La Voce della Tempesta, Serenate a Bretton Oaks ed alcuni frammenti teatrali degli anni Sessanta. Oltre a fare da ipotesto ai grandi romanzi, il teatro fenogliano costituisce una fondamentale palestra di stile, in cui l’autore si cimenta per distanziarsi dai modelli letterari degli anni Trenta. Fenoglio cresce in un contesto linguistico dialettale, in cui la scuola rappresenta il principale contatto con l’italiano scritto. Il modello di lingua proposto dalle istituzioni scolastiche, tuttavia, è di matrice ottocentesca e letteraria, e viene probabilmente percepito come eccessivamente rigido dal giovane autore. Il teatro, nella sua rappresentazione dell’oralità, diventa perciò un’occasione decisiva per maturare un’espressività lontana dagli arbitrii della norma scolastica e letteraria dell’epoca. Per questo, da La Voce nella Tempesta, fino a Serenate a Bretton Oaks, per terminare con i frammenti del partigiano Nick, è possibile attestare un progressivo allentamento del modello scolastico ed una graduale affermazione dello stile, ricco di neologismi e di forme derivative, tipico della prosa dei romanzi. Il seguente contributo propone dunque un’analisi ed un’interpretazione di questo itinerario linguistico, parallelo a quello della prosa, ma ancora non scandagliato in modo sistematico
Duch Święty w listach św. Pawła
No full textTo speak of the Holy Spirit in Saint Paul means to approach one of the most central and complex themes of Pauline theology. Paul, in fact, often speaks of the Spirit and he considers him as the person who acts in the history of salvation, in the life of the church and of each believer. In this sense the epistles of Paul do not give us a notion of the Spirit, but an experience of the Spirit which concerns God, Christ and man who act for the full realization of salvation. Hence the abundance of titles attributed to the Holy Spirit and the variegated diversity of charismatic manifestations which, in the strength of the Spirit, operate in the Pauline communities: glossolalia, prophecy, the charisms of the apostolate and Christian life, etc. Because of the complexity and in order to respect Paul\u27s thought about the Spirit, thought linked to experience, the author begins his study from the rich terminology of the Apostle in his epistles. The different interpretations of this terminology are also presented. The author highlights that the deep literary root from which Paul draws to present the reality of the "spirit of God" comes from the revelation of the Old Testament. Paul draws from this source his thought, his images and his expressions to signify the reality of the Spirit. In a word, the Old Testament gives Paul the literary model with which he expresses his thoughts on the Spirit. Afterwards, the author goes on to describe the different aspects of the action of the Spirit presented by Saint Paul in his epistles.Mówienie o Duchu Świętym u św. Pawła oznacza zbliżenie się do jednego z najbardziej centralnych i złożonych tematów teologii Pawłowej. Paweł bowiem często mówi o Duchu i uważa go za osobę, która działa w historii zbawienia, w życiu Kościoła i każdego wierzącego. W tym sensie listy Pawła nie dają nam pojęcia Ducha, ale doświadczenie Ducha, które dotyczy Boga, Chrystusa i człowieka, którzy działają na rzecz pełnego urzeczywistnienia zbawienia. Stąd obfitość tytułów przypisywanych Duchowi Świętemu i różnorodna różnorodność przejawów charyzmatycznych, które mocą Ducha działają we wspólnotach paulińskich: glosolalia, proroctwo, charyzmaty apostolatu i życia chrześcijańskiego itp. Ze względu na złożoność i aby uszanować myśl Pawła o Duchu, myśl powiązaną z doświadczeniem, autor rozpoczyna swoje studium od bogatej terminologii Apostoła w jego listach. Przedstawiono również różne interpretacje tej terminologii. Autor podkreśla, że głęboki literacki korzeń, z którego czerpie Paweł, aby przedstawić rzeczywistość „ducha Bożego”, pochodzi z objawienia Starego Testamentu. Paweł czerpie z tego źródła swoją myśl, swoje obrazy i swoje wyrażenia, aby zaznaczyć rzeczywistość Ducha. Jednym słowem, Stary Testament daje Pawłowi literacki wzór, za pomocą którego wyraża on swoje myśli o Duchu. Następnie autor przechodzi do opisu różnych aspektów działania Ducha przedstawionych przez św. Pawła w jego listach
An open-source environmental chamber for materials-stability testing using an optical proxy
No full textFunding Information: The authors thank Antonio Buscemi and Isaac Metcalf for assistance in XRD measurements, and Shreyaa Raghavan for the development of the user-friendly Python package. This study is based upon work supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract no. HR001118C0036. Any opinions, ndings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reect the views of DARPA. S. S., N. T. P. H., A. T., and T. B. thank TOTAL S. A. The research is also supported by Singapore Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Alliance for Research and Technology's Low Energy Electronic Systems research program. A. T. was supported by the Academy of Finland (Flagship program: Finnish Center for Articial Intelligence FCAI). F. O. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Photovoltaic Research and Development program under award DE-EE0007535. T. W. C. acknowledges the support from the Graduate Research Fellowship Program (award no. DGE-656518) from the U.S. National Science Foundation. Funding Information: The authors thank Antonio Buscemi and Isaac Metcalf for assistance in XRD measurements, and Shreyaa Raghavan for the development of the user-friendly Python package. This study is based upon work supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract no. HR001118C0036. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of DARPA. S. S., N. T. P. H., A. T., and T. B. thank TOTAL S. A. The research is also supported by Singapore Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Alliance for Research and Technology's Low Energy Electronic Systems research program. A. T. was supported by the Academy of Finland (Flagship program: Finnish Center for Artificial Intelligence FCAI). F. O. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Photovoltaic Research and Development program under award DE-EE0007535. T. W. C. acknowledges the support from the Graduate Research Fellowship Program (award no. DGE-656518) from the U.S. National Science Foundation. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry.This study is motivated by the desire to produce a low-cost, high-precision, high-throughput environmental chamber to test materials and devices under elevated humidity, temperature, and light. This paper documents the creation of an open-source tool with a bill of materials as low as US$2,000, and the subsequent evolution of three second-generation tools installed at three different universities spanning thin films, bulk crystals, and thin-film solar-cell devices. We introduce an optical proxy measurement to detect real-time phase changes in materials. We present correlations between this optical proxy and standard X-ray diffraction measurements, describe some edge cases where the proxy measurement fails, and report key learnings from the technology-translation process. By sharing lessons learned, we hope that future open-hardware development and translation efforts can proceed with reduced friction. Throughout the paper, we provide examples of scientific impact, wherein participating laboratories used their environmental chambers to study and improve the stabilities of halide-perovskite materials. All generations of hardware bills of materials, assembly instructions, and operating codes are available in open-source repositories.Peer reviewe
A novel method for the synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted-(NH)-1,2,4-triazoles from 3,6-diaryl-1,2,4,5-tetrazines
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