127 research outputs found
What are GPs' preferences for financial and non-financial incentives in cancer screening? Evidence for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers
No full textWe benefited for this research from grants provided by the French National Institute for Cancer (INCa) (INCA_7014). We would like to thank Dr Diane Skatun, Mary Kilonzo, and the three anonymous reviewers for their useful comments on the paper.Peer reviewe
Three-year cost utility analysis of mini versus standard slings : A trial based economic evaluation
No full textOpen access via the Wiley Agreement Dr. Dwayne Boyers reports grants from UK NIHR during the conduct of the study. Ms. Mary Kilonzo reports grants from UK NIHR during the conduct of the study. Kiron Bhal: I have been a speaker and trainer for the following companies in the past Astellas, Pfizer, AMS, Contura, Allergan and others, where I have received honorariums and sponsorship towards attending scientific conferences. Professor James N'Dow reports HTA General Committee 2016–2018. Professor Graeme MacLennan reports grants from UK NIHR during the conduct of the study. Professor John Norrie reports grants from the University of Edinburgh, outside the submitted work; and past and present member of the following: HTA Commissioning Sub‐Board (EOI), NIHR CTU Standing Advisory Committee, NIHR HTA & EME Editorial Board, Pre‐Exposure Prophylaxis Impact Review Panel, EME Strategy Advisory Committee, EME—Funding Committee Members, EME Funding Committee Sub‐Group Remit & Comp Check, HTA General Committee, HTA Funding Committee Policy Group (formerly CSG) and HTA Commissioning Committee. HTA post‐funding committee teleconference 2016–2019; COVID‐19 reviewing 2020. Professor Mohamed Abdel‐Fattah: None in the last 5 years. Before 2015, I have been a speaker, consultant and/or surgical trainer for a number of industrial companies (Astellas, Ethicon, Bard, Pfizer, AMS, Coloplast and others): I have been reimbursed my travel expenses; and on occasions received personal honorariums; proctorship fees and sponsorship towards attending scientific conferences. Research grant from Coloplast managed by the University of Aberdeen. A limited number of my trainees attended pharmaceutical‐sponsored educational/leadership workshops and/or received assistance in presenting their research work at scientific conferences. Was Chairman of the Scottish Pelvic Floor Network (SPFN), which at the time received financial sponsorship from various industrial companies (including all those mentioned above) and non‐profit organisations for its annual meetings and surgical workshops. The SPFN provided an educational grant funding the PI at the highest recruiting site to attend the International Continence Society annual scientific conference in Brazil in 2014. Ongoing: I receive travel sponsorship and occasionally speaker‘s fees from numerous national and international conferences and non‐profit organisations when invited as a guest speaker and/or expert surgeon. In 2019, and at request from NHS Grampian, I attended 2 educational meetings for setting up sacral nerve stimulation service partially funded by Medtronic. I am the Chief Investigator for four NIHR—HTA‐funded studies. I do not hold (and never held) any shares (or similar) in any of the industrial companies (medical or non‐medical). To the best of my knowledge, none of the above have influenced my research or clinical practice. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. BJUI Compass published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of BJU International Company.Peer reviewe
Is best-worst scaling suitable for health state valuation? : A comparison with discrete choice experiments
No full textThe University of Aberdeen (UoA) and the Chief Scientist Office (CSO) of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates fund the Health Economics Research Unit (HERU). We thank all participants who took part in the study and the WH Ross foundation that supported the data collection. We also thank authors of the original study (Mary Kilonzo, Jennifer Burr and Luke Vale) for their contribution to questionnaire design and data collection. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors only and not those of the funding bodies.Peer reviewe
Patient preferences for stress urinary incontinence treatments : a discrete choice experiment
No full textFunding: The study was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment Programme (project number: 12/127/157). The full project report is available from the funder’s website: https://www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/hta/BTSA6148%23/abstract. The full citation for the funder report is: Abdel-Fattah M, Cooper D, Davidson T, Kilonzo M, Boyers D, Bhal K, et al. Single-incision mini-slings versus standard synthetic mid-urethral slings for surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women: The SIMS RCT. Health Technol Assess 2022;26(47). The Health Economics Research Unit and Health Services Research Unit are both funded by the Chief Scientist’s Office (CSO) of the Scottish government health directorates. The SIMS trial was registered as: ISRCTN93264234.Peer reviewe
Assessment of the Relationship between Generic Strategies and Competitive Advantage among Organisations in the Tourism Industry in Kenya
No full textTough economic times, stiff competition, globalization, terrorism among other challenges have led several firms to adopt strategies that would enable them to remain competitive in whichever industry they are operating in. The commonly known competitive strategies are the Cost Leadership, Differentiation and Focus. Whatever the choice a company makes to position the firm in the competitive market is dictated by the industry structure (attractiveness) and the environmental forces which may emanate from the macro and micro levels. For a firm to win, it will depend on how it is able to apply or change the competitive rules to suit the unrevealing situation. The study focused on the relationship between the generic strategies and competitive advantage among the firms in the tourism industry in Kenya. A sample of 13 firms was selected from key tourism firms (hotels and tour operators within Nairobi), Kenya Wildlife Service and National Museums of Kenya. The choice of respondents was officials serving at managerial level in the following departments: Planning, Operations, Marketing and Finance in each firm selected. Data was collected from primary sources. Questionnaires were developed and distributed to the respondents by the Researcher. Descriptive statistics, (mean and standard Deviation) were used to analyze the data. Tables were used to present the data. Inferential statistics of correlation analysis was used to draw conclusion and recommendations were made based on the findings. This study finds that there is positive correlation between the three generic and Competitive Advantage. Specifically, it was found out that differentiation and cost leadership have positive correlation at less than significant level, (p<0.1) while focus had a significant positive correlation at 99% level of confidence, (p=0.01) level of significance. This proves that focus has direct and significant impact on the generation of superior profits. Thus, whether a firm chooses to pursue a cost leadership, differentiation strategy or focus, a careful study of the industry attractiveness, market forces and integration of the core competencies will ensure positive organizational performance in an intense competitive environment
Prevalence, incidence and risk factors of epilepsy in older children in rural Kenya.
No full textBACKGROUND: There is little data on the burden or causes of epilepsy in developing countries, particularly in children living in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: We conducted two surveys to estimate the prevalence, incidence and risk factors of epilepsy in children in a rural district of Kenya. All children born between 1991 and 1995 were screened with a questionnaire in 2001 and 2003, and those with a positive response were then assessed for epilepsy by a clinician. Active epilepsy was defined as two or more unprovoked seizures with one in the last year. RESULTS: In the first survey 10,218 children were identified from a census, of whom 110 had epilepsy. The adjusted prevalence estimates of lifetime and active epilepsy were 41/1000 (95% CI: 31-51) and 11/1000 (95% CI: 5-15), respectively. Overall two-thirds of children had either generalized tonic-clonic and/or secondary generalized seizures. A positive history of febrile seizures (OR=3.01; 95% CI: 1.50-6.01) and family history of epilepsy (OR=2.55; 95% CI: 1.19-5.46) were important risk factors for active epilepsy. After the second survey, 39 children from the same birth cohort with previously undiagnosed epilepsy were identified, thus the incidence rate of active epilepsy is 187 per 100,000 per year (95% CI: 133-256) in children aged 6-12 years. CONCLUSIONS: There is a considerable burden of epilepsy in older children living in this area of rural Kenya, with a family history of seizures and a history of febrile seizures identified as risk factors for developing epilepsy
Economic evaluation of interventions for the treatment of asthma in children:a systematic review
No full textOBJECTIVES: This systematic review aims to identify and critique full economic evaluations (EEs) of childhood asthma treatments with the intention to guide researchers and commissioners of paediatric asthma services towards potentially cost-effective strategies.METHODS: 'MEDLINE', 'Embase', 'Econlit', 'NHS EED', and 'CEA' databases were searched to identify relevant EEs published between 2005 and May 2017. Quality of included studies was assessed with a published checklist.RESULTS: Eighteen studies were identified and comprised one cost-benefit analysis, 11 cost-effectiveness analyses, one cost-minimisation analysis, and six cost-utility analyses. Treatments included pharmaceutical (n=11) and non-pharmaceutical (n=7) interventions. Fourteen studies identified cost-effective strategies. The quality of the studies varied and there were uncertainties due to the methods and relevance of data used.CONCLUSION: Good quality economic evaluation studies of paediatric asthma treatments are lacking. EE of new technologies adapted to local settings is recommended and can result in cost-savings.</p
Improving Rehabilitation Services in Developing Nations: The proposed role of physiotherapists
No full textTungiasis Infestation in Tanzania.
No full textTungiasis is caused by the jigger flea Tunga penetrans. We describe a case of severe infestation from Kigoma region, Western Tanzania. A 19-year-old male with epilepsy and mental disability presented with ulcerated and inflamed toes. Clinical examination revealed the presence of approximately 810 embedded jigger fleas on the feet, and another 60 lesions on the hands. The patient presented with fissures on the feet, hands and soles. He had difficulty walking and erythematous, oedematous, ulcerated and inflamed skin around the feet. Living conditions were precarious. The patient was assisted to extract the embedded fleas and his feet were washed with disinfectants. Oral antibiotics were given. The case shows that the disease may reach high parasite loads in Tanzanian individuals, with consequently severe pathology. There have been single reports of returning tourists from Tanzania with tungiasis, but the epidemiological situation and the geographic occurrence of the disease in this country are not known. Systematic studies are needed to increase knowledge on the epidemiological situation of tungasis in Tanzania and to identify endemic areas
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