330 research outputs found
Fewtrell, Clare Mary Sanders
No full textObituary reprinted from Ithaca JournalMemorial Statement for Clare Mary Sanders Fewtrell who died in 2022. The memorial statements contained herein were prepared by the Office of the Dean of the University Faculty of Cornell University to honor its faculty for their service to the university
Core data necessary for reporting clinical trials on nutrition in infancy
No full textAbstract not availableBerthold Koletzko, Mary Fewtrell, Robert Gibson, Johannes B. van Goudoever, Olle Hernell, Raanan Shamir, Hania Szajewsk
Dietary arachidonic acid in perinatal nutrition: a commentary
No full textArachidonic acid (AA) is supplied together with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in infant formulas, but we have limited knowledge about the effects of supplementation with either of these long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) on growth and developmental outcomes. AA is present in similar levels in breast milk throughout the world, whereas the level of DHA is highly diet dependent. Autopsy studies show similar diet-dependent variation in brain DHA, whereas AA is little affected by intake. Early intake of DHA has been shown to affect visual development, but the effect of LCPUFA on neurodevelopment remains to be established. Few studies have found any functional difference between infants supplemented with DHA alone compared to DHA+AA, but some studies show neurodevelopmental advantages in breast-fed infants of mothers supplemented with n-3 LCPUFA alone. It also remains to be established whether the AA/DHA balance could affect allergic and inflammatory outcomes later in life. Disentangling effects of genetic variability and dietary intake on AA and DHA-status and on functional outcomes may be an important step in the process of determining whether AA-intake is of any physiological or clinical importance. However, based on the current evidence we hypothesize that dietary AA plays a minor role on growth and development relative to the impact of dietary DHA
Associations of maternal internal migration and child growth and nutritional health in Peru
No full textDespite large reductions in undernutrition, overweight is increasing across most LMICs. Studies suggest that parental internal migration may be associated with child growth and nutritional health. While a recent study of Peruvian adults has shown rural-urban migration to increase risks of obesity, intergenerational associations have yet to be explored. Peru has an important history of internal migration, driven notably by violent conflict in the 1980s-90s and persistent rural-urban inequalities. This thesis aimed to assess the associations of maternal internal migration, particularly towards urban areas, and child growth and nutritional health in Peru.
To address this, first quantitative analyses were undertaken in secondary data of children under 5 years using cross-sectional Peru Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). These consisted of two parts. Trends in child birthweight across conflict and post-conflict years and by maternal migration status were explored in unlinked DHS surveys from 1991 to 2020. Then, . associations of recent growth and nutritional status by pathway of maternal internal migration were estimated in the DHS from 2017. Second, a primary research study of women and children aged 5-15 years was conducted in a low-income area on the outskirts of metropolitan Lima, Peru and quantitative analyses were carried out to associations of growth and nutritional status by maternal internal migration in this older group of urban children. These analyses also considered a wider range of outcomes and maternal explanatory factors.
Results across all analyses indicated there were intergenerational associations between maternal internal migration and child growth and nutritional health up to 15 years, with the main common findings being that maternal migration, particularly from rural to urban areas, may benefit later offspring linear growth but increase their risk of overweight when compared to rural non-migrants, and may also provide some advantages in terms of both their linear growth and a reduced risk of overweight when compared to urban non-migrants. Though maternal socio-economic and social capital and physical and mental health were associated with both internal migration and child outcomes, they did not mediate the associations found in children aged 5-15 years.
The findings provide new evidence on child health inequalities in Peru and further insight into determinants of child health and the impacts of internal migration to urban areas in low- and middle-income countries, which may stimulate further research and help inform policy and intervention looking to reduce child health inequalities and prevent obesity and non-communicable disease across the life course
Manejo da obesidade infanto-juvenil
No full textThe issue addressed here was presented at the Parallel Symposium: “Clinical management of obesity and NAFLD in children“, coordinated by: Anil Dhawan (UK) and Mary Fewtrell (UK). Here are presented some aspects highlighted in the presentation of Cristina Campoy (Granada, Spain), entitled “Nonsurgical Management of childhood obesity.
Manejo da obesidade infanto-juvenil
No full textO assunto aqui abordado foi apresentado no Simpósio Paralelo: Manejo clínico da obesidade e da<br />doença hepática não gordurosa do fígado na criança“, coordenado por: Anil Dhawan (UK) e Mary<br />Fewtrell (UK). Estão sendo apresentados alguns aspectos salientados na apresentação de Cristina<br />Campoy (Granada, Espanha), com o título “Manejo não cirúrgico da obesidade infantil“.</jats:p
Differences in body composition between infants of South Asian and European ancestry: the London Mother and Baby Study.
No full textBACKGROUND: South Asian children and adults have a more adipose body composition compared with those of European ancestry. This is thought to be related to their increased risk of metabolic disorders. However, little is known about how early in life such differences are manifest. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are differences in fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) between UK-born South Asians and White Europeans in infancy. Design A cross-sectional study of 30 South Asian and 30 White European infants aged 6-12 weeks. Mothers were recruited from clinics in London, and infants' FM and FFM were determined using air-displacement plethysmography (PeaPod(®)). RESULTS: In early infancy South Asians had less FFM than White Europeans [0.34 kg less, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15, 0.52], with a considerably weaker indication of them also having more FM (0.02 kg more, 95% CI: -0.14, 0.18). These differences persisted when the overall smaller body size of South Asian infants was taken into account. For a given total infant weight, the balance of body composition of South Asians was shifted by 0.16 kg (95% CI: 0.06, 0.25) from FFM to FM. The ethnic differences in the amount of FFM were almost completely accounted for by ethnic differences in the rate of growth in utero and length of gestation. CONCLUSIONS: The characteristic differences in body composition observed between adult South Asians and White Europeans are apparent in early infancy. Of particular note is that this is the first study to demonstrate that South Asians compared with White Europeans have reduced FFM in infancy. The early manifestation of this phenotype suggests that it is either genetic and/or determined through exposure to maternal physiology, rather than a consequence of behaviours or diet in childhood or at older ages
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