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Pengaruh Penggunaan Daun Cincau Hitam (Mesona Palustris Bl) Dalam Bentuk Tepung Dan Enkapsulasi Sebagai Aditif Pakan Terhadap Viskositas Dan Mikroflora Usus Halus Ayam Pedaging
Get PDFAditif pakan merupakan bahan yang digunakan sebagai tambahan pakan untuk meningkatkan nilai guna dari pakan yang dikonsumsi ternak. Aditif pakan dapat berupa antibiotik, probiotik, prebiotik, fitobiotik dan asam organik. Penggunaan antibiotik pada pakan akan menyebabkan residu pada tubuh ternak yang tidak aman untuk kesehatan manusia yang mengkonsumsinya. Solusinya adalah mengganti penggunaan antibiotik dengan fitobiotik. Daun cincau hitam (Mesona palustris BL) sebagai fitobiotik memiliki kandungan senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung didalamnya seperti antioksidan, flavonoid, alkaloid dan fenol. Teknologi enkapsulasi pada pakan bertujuan untuk mengurangi kehilangan nutrisi, melindungi flavor, aroma dan pigmen, meningkatkan kelarutan, merubah bahan pakan bentuk cair ke bentuk padat atau tepung yang memudahkan dalam penanganan dan pemberian pakan.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan daun cincau hitam (Mesona palustris BL) dalam bentuk tepung dan enkapsulasi sebagai aditif pakan terhadap viskositas dan mikroflora usus halus ayam pedaging. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai sumber informasi dan acuan penggunaan daun cincau hitam (Mesona palustris BL) sebagai fitobiotik yang lebih baik dalam bentuk tepung atau enkapsulasi terhadap viskositas dan mikroflora usus halus ayam pedaging.
Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 30 Agustus s/d 4 Oktober 2017 di Laboratorium Lapang Sumbersekar Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Brawijaya Malang. Pembuatan aditif pakan daun cincau hitam (Mesona palustris BL), analisis proksimat dan pengujian viskositas usus halus dilakukan di Laboratorium Nutrisi Makanan Ternak Gedung 3 Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Brawijaya. Identifikasi mikroflora yaitu jumlah koloni BAL dan Escherichia coli usus halus dilakukan di Laboratorium Teknologi Hasil Ternak Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Brawijaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan 192 ekor Day Old Chick (DOC) ayam pedaging strain Lohman MB-202 Platinum dan dipelihara selama 35 hari. Rata-rata bobot DOC 37,4±2,87 g/ekor dan koefisien keragaman 7,67%. Metode penelitian adalah metode eksperimen in vivo menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola tersarang yang terdiri dari dua faktor, yaitu faktor bentuk daun cincau yang terdiri dari tepung daun cincau hitam (B1) dan ekstrak daun cincau hitam enkapsulasi (B2). Faktor lainnya adalah level penggunaan yang terdiri dari 0% (L0), 0,5% (L1), 1,0% (L2) dan 1,5% (L3). Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali dengan jumlah ayam pedaging pada setiap ulangan sebanyak 8 ekor.
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Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) pada perlakuan bentuk terhadap viskositas dan jumlah koloni BAL. Memberikan perbedaan yang nyata (P0,05) terhadap viskositas dan jumlah koloni Escherichia coli. Hasil paling optimal pada level tersarang pemberian aditif pakan terhdap viskositas adalah pada level 1,0% (5,95±0,52 log cfu/g) untuk bentuk tepung dan level 1,5% (6,41±1,13 log cfu/g) untuk bentuk enkapsulasi. Sedangkan pemberian optimal aditif pakan untuk menekan pertumbuhan terhadap Escherichia coli adalah pada level 1% (4,22±0,23 log cfu/g) dalam bentuk tepung dan level 1,5% (3,54±0,56 log cfu/g) dalam bentuk enkapsulasi. Hasil level tersarang memberikan perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap jumlah koloni BAL dengan level optimal pemberian pada level 0,5% (8,40±0,41 log cfu/g) dalam bentuk tepung dan level 1,5% (8,92±0,61 log cfu/g) dalam bentuk enkapsulasi.
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Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan cincau hitam (Mesona palustris BL) dalam bentuk enkapsulasi memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan bentuk tepung terhadap viskositas dan mikroflora usus halus ayam pedaging. Adapun level penggunaan daun cincau hitam (Mesona palustis BL) 1,5% bentuk enkapsulasi memberikan hasil yang optimal pada viskositas, jumlah BAL dan Escherichia coli usus halus ayam pedaging
Effects of Egg Storage Duration on Hatching Traits of Commercial Layers and Crossbreds of Indonesian Local Chickens
Get PDFEgg storage duration is highly critical to hatching performance and chick development. The objective of the present study was to assess the impact of different egg storage durations on the hatching traits of crossbred chickens. In total, 128 hatching eggs were used in this experiment. The eggs were randomly distributed into four treatments and four replications, with each replication consisting of eight eggs. The treatments were based on the storage duration of the hatching eggs, including one day (T1), four days (T2), seven days (T3), and ten days (T4). Hatching performance was evaluated by fertility, the hatchability of fertile eggs, the hatchability of set eggs, and embryonic mortality. Day-old chickens were evaluated by chicken length, chicken weight, hatch yield, pasgar score, and saleable chickens. The present study's findings indicated that egg storage duration up to ten days did not significantly influence the hatchability of fertile eggs or embryonic mortality. However, egg storage duration significantly affected the fertility and hatchability of set eggs. Eggs stored for four and seven days tended to have improved fertility and hatchability. Additionally, hatching eggs stored for ten days had the lowest fertility and hatchability of set eggs. Body weight, body length, hatch yield, and pasgar score of chickens were not significantly different among all treatments. No significant differences among T1, T2, and T3 were observed in saleable chickens. However, T4 had significantly fewer saleable chickens compared to T1, T2, and T3. It can be concluded that the hatching eggs of crossbred chickens can be safely stored for up to seven days without adverse effects on hatching traits. Extended storage beyond this period, specifically up to 10 days, could worsen key hatching performance traits of crossbred chickens
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Magnetic Technology in Drinking Water of Laying Hens
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted to know the best level of magnetic technology for improving water quality and to compare the use of magnetic technology (MT) and non-magnetic technology (NMT) in drinking water of the laying hens. This study had 2 experiment steps. The first step studied 3 levels (1350 Gs, 2700 Gs, 5400 Gs) of magnetic technology. The results showed that MT had a significant effect (p0.05) on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and pH of drinking water. 2700 Gs used in the second step was the best result to improve water quality. Magnetic technology was used to treat drinking water of 288 ISA Brown birds aged 57-week assigned to 2 treatments (NMT and MT). MT showed no significant effect (p>0.05) on hen day production (HDP) but improved (p<0.05) the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of laying hens.Keywords: laying hens, magnet, production, water qualit
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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