246 research outputs found
L'étude des cadastres antiques : à propos d'Olbia de Provence
No full textThe study of antique cadastres : namely about Olbia in Provence
The knowledge about the way land is occupied, as well in uran as rural areas, gain increasing importance with the actual approach to antique societies. The study of Greek and Roman cadastres in the Mediterrannean contour concern also Southern Gaul, not without arising problems of method about their identification, their restitution and their dating. Starting from his recent cadastral analysis of the territory surrounding the Marseilles foundation at Olbia. J. Benoit remains reserved about the reliability, the limits, even the dangers of the diverse techniques of investigation generally in practice.
Inside a zone where cadastre is established, to the North of Olbia, J. Benoit has dissociated the area situated to the North- North-East of the antique settlement. After a critical interpretation and Mediterranean wide comparaisons, the author delimits an area relatively restricted (750 acres), spreading from the sea to the mountain, regulated by a rectangular module 105x52,5 m. This cadastre most probably established on the basic mesure of a foot of 29,6 cm, could belong to a periode of Greek colonization (middle of the fourth - beginning of the first century B. C).La connaissance des modes de l'occupation des sols, tant urbaine que rurale, prend de plus en plus d'importance dans l'approche actuelle des sociétés antiques. L'étude des cadastrations grecques et romaines du pourtour méditerranéen concerne également le Midi gaulois, non sans poser plusieurs problèmes de méthode pour leur identification, leur restitution et leur datation. Partant de ses récentes analyses sur la cadastration du territoire alentour de la fondation massaliote d'Olbia, J. Benoit s'interroge, en premier lieu, sur la fiabilité, les limites, voire les dangers des diverses techniques d'investigation généralement usitées.
A l'intérieur d'une zone cadastrée au Nord d'Olbia, J. Benoit dissocie celle située au Nord-Nord-Est de l'agglomération antique. Après une interprétation critique et des comparaisons méditerranéennes, l'auteur délimite une aire relativement réduite (305 ha), s'étalant entre mer et montagne, rythmée selon un module rectangulaire de 105 x 52,5 m. Ce cadastre, très probablement édifié sur la mesure d'un pied de 29,6 cm, pourrait se rapporter à l'époque de colonisation grecque (milieu du IVème - début du Ier s. av. J.-C).Benoit Jean. L'étude des cadastres antiques : à propos d'Olbia de Provence. In: Documents d'Archéologie Méridionale, vol. 8, 1985. pp. 25-48
Half a century of development economics : a review based on the"Handbook of Development Economics"
No full textDevelopment economics has made remarkable progress in 50 years, says the author, summarizing changes in the field since Nehru's first proposals for an independent India. Synthesizing insights about changes in the field from the many contributors to the"Handbook of Development Economics,"the author observes (among other things): 1) Different schools of thought may dominate, but the range of research has broadened. Economics has"hardened"as its practitioners have learned to use data more carefully and to reason more rigorously. 2) The policy message has been turned upside down. Gone is the idea that development is industrialization and that the main policy problem is to manage the interface between country and city. Today urbanization and industrialization are viewed as mere components of an integrated transformation, in which the expansion of foreign trade is central. Traditional institutions are viewed with far more understanding, because overhasty modernization has often proved counterproductive. 3) More than ever, development is seen as a"whole replacement"process, the key to which is mastery of Northern technology--now understood to be both simpler and more complex than previously thought. Simpler, because much technology is uncomplicated, and complex because even simple technology requires ingenuity and a costly investment in adaptations. 4) There has been a radical change in economists'view of market agents and policymakers. Gone are the days when economists thought their advice should be aimed mainly at planners. Policymakers are utility maximizers, too. Employees of state enterprises coalesce into powerful interest groups that block efforts to raise productivity. The new thinking is sometimes modified by evoking the vague concept of"governance,"under which the economist's view is to help design a system of interacting state and private institutions that, led by the state, cooperate in achieving social goals. Whether something useful will come from this line of thinking remains to be seen. The author detects major gaps in economists'undrstanding of development, suggesting a particular need for further study of collective action (a far more pervasive component of human action than is realized) and the selection of roles by individuals and the costly investment this entails (a concept that may shed light on Schumpeter's well-known but little-studied entrepreneur).Labor Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Health Economics&Finance,Environmental Economics&Policies,Decentralization,Health Economics&Finance,Poverty Assessment,Achieving Shared Growth,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies
Mandibular jaw movements as a non-invasive measure of respiratory effort during sleep: application in clinical practice
No full textAssessment of respiratory eort (RE) is key for characterization of respiratory events. The discrimination between central and obstructive events is important because these events are caused by dierent physio-pathological mechanisms and require dierent treatment approaches. Many of the currently available options for home sleep apnea testing either do not measure RE, or RE signal recording is not always reliable. This is due to a variety of factors, including for instance wrong placement of the respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) sensors leading to artifacts or signal loss. Monitoring of mandibular jaw movements (MJM) provides the ability to accurately measure RE through a single point of contact sensor placed on the patient’s chin. The inertial unit included in the capturing technology and overnight positional stability of the sensor provide a robust MJM bio-signal to detect sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Many of the pharyngeal muscles are attached to the mandible directly, or indirectly via the hyoid bone. The motor trigeminal nerve impulses to contract or relax these muscles generate discrete MJM that reflect changes in RE during sleep. Indeed, the central drive utilizes the lower jaw as a fine-tuning lever to stien the upper airway musculature and safeguard the patency of the pharynx. Associations between the MJM bio-signal properties and both physiological and pathological breathing patterns during sleep have been extensively studied. These show a close relationship between changes in the MJM bio-signal as a function of RE that is similar to levels of RE measured simultaneously by the reference bio-signals such as esophageal pressure or crural diaphragmatic electromyography. Specific waveforms, frequencies, and amplitudes of these discrete MJM are seen across a variety of breathing disturbances that are recommended to be scored by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Moreover, MJM monitoring provides information about sleep/wake states and arousals, which enables total sleep time measurement for accurate calculation of conventional hourly indices. The MJM bio-signal can be interpreted and its automatic analysis using a dedicatedmachine learning algorithmdelivers a comprehensive and clinically informative study report that provides physicians with the necessary information to aid in the diagnosis of SDB
Insights on mandibular jaw movements during polysomnography in obstructive sleep apnea
No full textInternational audienc
La poétique de Jean Tortel (construction et accommodation d'un regard aporétique)
No full textJean Tortel poet, aesthetician, critic, great reader, produced different works. We show in our thesis that all of them derive from the author s quest of knowledge ; he tries to understand in an intelligible way the reality he perceives, which in the end faces an aporia. In the first part, we pay attention to the chronology of Tortel s work. Jean Tortel finds his own voice from the work Les Villes Ouvertes, in which he develops a cognitive strategy that we shall call method of reversal. Then, from Des Corps Attaqués, when he is confronted with the storm, Jean Tortel realizes that any method is vane and that he is fundamentally blind in front of the disorder of the universe. In the second part, we analyze the theoretical background of the construction of aporia in Tortel s work (Descartes La Dioptrique and Lucretius De Natura Rerum). In the third part, we see that, conscious of the fact that no method or system could ever satisfy his thirst for knowledge, Jean Tortel tries to adapt to that cognitive aporia by developing the coexistence of two systems of logic in his work : Merleau-Ponty s phenomenological logic, and Blanchot and Derrida s anti-phenomenological one, risking to sink in silence, autotelia or sterile rehashing. Then, the author develops a baroque way of resisting to despair, accepting the complexity of the world and putting his faith in literality.Jean Tortel, poète, esthéticien, critique, grand lecteur, a produit des ouvrages très divers. Nous montrons dans notre travail que tous sont issus de la quête de Connaissance de l auteur, qui cherche à com-prendre de manière intelligible le là-devant qu il perçoit, et qui se heurte finalement à une aporie. Dans la première partie, nous nous attachons à la chronologie de l œuvre tortélienne. Jean Tortel trouve sa voix propre à partir de l ouvrage Les Villes Ouvertes, dans lequel il élabore une stratégie cognitive que nous appelons méthode du renversement. Puis, à partir de Des Corps Attaqués, lorsqu il se trouve confronté à l orage, Jean Tortel se rend compte de la vanité de toute méthode et de son aveuglement foncier face au désordre de l univers. Dans la deuxième partie, nous étudions l arrière-plan théorique qui sous-tend la construction de l aporie chez Tortel (La Dioptrique de Descartes et le De Natura Rerum de Lucrèce). Dans la troisième partie, nous voyons que, conscient du fait qu aucune méthode ni qu aucun système ne satisfera sa soif de savoir, Jean Tortel tente de s accommoder de cette aporie cognitive en faisant coexister dans son œuvre deux logiques, celle, phénoménologique, de Merleau-Ponty, et celle, anti-phénoménologique, de Blanchot et Derrida, au risque de sombrer dans le mutisme, l autotélie ou le ressassement stérile. L auteur s attache alors de manière baroque à résister au désespoir, à accepter la complexité du monde et à placer sa foi dans la littéralité.BORDEAUX3-BU Lettres-Pessac (335222103) / SudocSudocFranceF
Voucher privatization with investment funds : an institutional analysis
No full textCommon wisdom among post-socialist reformers has beento use voucher investment funds to provide the corporate governance needed to restructure newly privatized enterprises after mass privatization efforts. The idea has been that mass privatization would spread the ownership too wide and make corporate governance difficult. The author examines the likely institutional behavior of voucher funds and the possible effects of their development on a transition economy. Since most policy advice has been in favor of voucher privatization with investment funds, the author can be seen as playing the devil's advocate, but his argument is institutional, not statistical. Policymaking requires insight and foresight into how institutions will tend to function. He concludes that voucher funds will introduce a bias in the economy away from the real industrial sector toward an ersatz"financial sector"that will have little if any positive financial role but will be well-protected by friendly regulators. One long-term consequence of voucher privatization with investment funds, according to this view, is a de facto"industrial policy"of real sector decapitalization in favor of short-term rent-seeking by fund managers through board sinecures and lucrative side deals with portfolio companies and through financial market manipulation and paper entrepreneurship in the"financial sector."Without strong corporate governance from the funds and without stable ownership of their own, many enterprise managers will exploit the post-socialist version of the"separation of ownership and control"to grab what they can in the form of salaries, bonuses, perquisites, and side deals. The most likely results of the strategy of voucher privatization with investment funds may be a two-sided grab fest by fund managers and enterprise managers -- together with the accompanying drift, stagnation, and decapitalization of the privatized industrial sector.Economic Adjustment and Lending,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Adjustment and Lending,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research
European Food Science and Technology on pulses : a bibliometric dataset (1980-2018)
No full textA bibliometric corpus retrieved from the Web of Knowledge (WoS), dealing with main topics of the Food Science and Technology field, and on pulses (18 species and varieties of pulses cultivated in temperate climates considered). The corpus gathers records such as articles, book, book chapters, and reviews, written by at least one author located in a European country (from UE28)
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No full textThe author is very grateful to Industry Canada for financing this work and to Benoit St-Jean for his outstanding research assistance throughout. Thanks also go to Eric Olsen for once again helping out where needed, the Small Area and Administrative Data Division at Statistics Canada for providing general support and access to the data from the Longitudinal Administrative Database used here, and Thitima Songsakul for comments on an earlier draft. The author also appreciates the comments on an earlier paper on this subjec
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