1,720,984 research outputs found
Simulazione del deflusso laterale saturo, dei livelli di falda e dell'umidità del suolo alla scala di versante
No full textLa corretta rappresentazione dei processi idrologici alla scala di versante è fon-damentale per la simulazione della risposta idrologica dei bacini idrografici durante eventi di pioggia intensa. I modelli basati sulla risoluzione dell’equazione di Richards possono simulare efficacemente le dinamiche della zona satura e non satura del suolo. Tuttavia essi richiedono una parametrizzazione onerosa, difficile da rilevare sperimentalmente sopratutto su ampie scale spaziali di applicazione. In questo lavoro di ricerca è stato sviluppato un modello idrologico monodimensionale di versante, in cui i processi di flusso laterale di falda sono rappresentati attraverso l’equazione di Darcy, mentre sono trascurati i processi dinamici nella zona non satura del suolo. L’effetto della ritenzione idrica capillare nella zona non satura è incorporato nel modello attraverso il termine della porosità drenabile del suolo che varia non linearmente in funzione della profondità della falda. A riguardo, l’assunto principale per la determinazione della porosità drenabile è che l’umidità nella zona non satura del suolo raggiunga istantaneamente la condizione di equilibrio idrostatico rispetto alla linea di falda. Il modello è stato applicato per la simulazione dell’andamento temporale del deflusso sottosuperficiale, dell’umidità del suolo e dei livelli di falda osservati in un ripido versante nel bacino idrografico del Lago di Baratz, in Sardegna. I parametri del modello, relativi alla trasmissività idraulica laterale e alle proprietà di ritenzione idrica del suolo, sono stati ricavati a partire dai dati idrologici raccolti. La calibrazione del modello è stata quindi limitata alle sole perdite idriche dovute a flussi laterali uscenti dal versante, di difficile quantificazione speri-mentale.
Le performance predittive del modello sono risultate soddisfacenti, come con-fermato da coefficienti di efficienza di Nash-Sutcliffe prossimi a 0.8 per tutte le variabili idrologiche simulate. L'umidità del suolo, i livelli di falda e il deflusso sottosuperficiale sono stati ben riprodotti in termini di tempistica della risposta idrologica durante i periodi piovosi e di velocità di esaurimento nei periodi asciutti. Il modello sviluppato può essere effettivamente utilizzato per predire la risposta idrologica nei versanti naturali
Minimum representative root distribution sampling for calculating slope stability in pinus radiata d.Don plantations in New Zealand
No full textBackground: Rainfall-triggered shallow landslides on steep slopes cause significant soil loss and can be hazards for property and people in many parts of the world. In New Zealand’s hill country, they are the dominant erosion process and are responsible for soil loss and subsequent impacts on regional water quality. Use of wide-spaced trees and afforestation with fast growing conifers are the primary land management tools in New Zealand to help control erosion and improve water quality. To decide where to implement erosion controls in the landscape requires determining the most susceptible places to these processes and models that incorporate how trees reinforce soils to understand if, and when, such treatments become effective. Methods: This paper characterises the mechanical properties of Pinus radiata D.Don roots (the common tree species used for afforestation in New Zealand) by means of field pullout tests and by measuring the root distribution at 360 degrees around trees. The Root Bundle Model (RBM) was used to calculate the root reinforcement. Statistical analysis was carried out to assess the statistical reduction coefficients of root reinforcement that depend on the number of measurements, used in geotechnical analysis to reduce the mean value of a parameter to a so-called characteristic value. Results: We show that to reach an effective level of root reinforcement, trees of 0.5 m DBH require a density of about 300 trees per hectare. Trees of this size are about 30 years of age across many sites and have generally reached the recommended conditions for clear-fell harvesting. The analysis of variance shows that 4 trees are the minimum number to be excavated to obtain sufficient root information to obtain less than 5% of error with a 95% of probability on the estimation of a design value of root reinforcement in accord with geotechnical standards. Conclusions: We found that the variability of lateral and basal root reinforcement does not limit the implementation of vegetation in slope stability models for Pinus radiata. We adopt for the first time the concept of a minimum sampling requirement and characteristic value, similarly to what is assumed for the value of effective soil cohesion in geotechnical guidelines for slope stability calculations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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