1,720,970 research outputs found
Body Bending: A Cryptic Defensive Behaviour In Arboreal Snakes
No full text[No abstract available]9724Abuys, A., The snakes of Surinam, part XIII: Subfamily Xenodontinae (genera Pseudoeryx, Pseustes and Rhadinaea) (1986) Litt. Serp., 6, pp. 19-30Beebe, W., Field notes on the snakes of Kartabo, British Guiana and Caripito. Venezuela (1946) Zool., 31, pp. 11-52Cott, H.B., (1940) Adaptive Coloration in Animals, 508p. , London: MethuenEdmunds, M., (1974) Defense in Animals, 357p. , Harlow: LongmanFerrarezzi, H., Uma sinopse dos gêneros e classificação das serpentes (Squamata): II. Família Colubridae (1994) Herpetologia Do Brasil, pp. 81-91. , Nascimento, L.B.Bernardes, A.T. & Cotta, G.A. (Eds.). Minas Gerais: Fundação Ezequiel DiasFleishman, L.J., Cryptic movement in the vine snake Oxybelis aeneus (1985) Copeia, 1985, pp. 242-245Greene, H.W., Behavioural convergence in the display snakes (1979) Experentia, 35, pp. 747-748Greene, H.W., Antipredator mechanisms in reptiles (1988) Biology of Reptilia, Ecology B: Defense and Life History, 16, pp. 1-152. , Gans, C. & Huey, R.B. (Eds.). New York: Alan R. Liss, IncGreene, H.W., (1997) Snakes: The Evolution of Mystery in Nature, 352p. , California. University of California PressLillywhite, H.B., Henderson, R.W., Behavioral and functional ecology of arboreal snakes (1993) Snakes: Ecology and Behavior, pp. 1-48. , Seigel, R.A. & Collins, J.T. (Eds.). New York: McGraw-HillMarques, O.A.V., Defensive behavior of the green snake Philodryas viridissimus (Linnaeus) (Colubridae, Reptilia) from the Atlantic forest in the northeastern Brazil (1999) Rev. Bras. Zool., 16, pp. 265-266Marques, O.A.V., Eterovic, A., Sazima, I., (2004) Snakes of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: An Illustrated Field Guide for the Serra Do Mar Range, 205p. , Ribeirão Preto, Holos EditoraMarques, O.A.V., Sazima, I., Historia natural dos répteis da Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins (2004) Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins: Ambiente Físico, Flora e Fauna, pp. 257-277. , Marques, O.A.V. & Duleba, W. (Eds.). Ribeirão Preto: Holos EditoraVidal, N., Kindl, S.G., Wong, A., Hedges, B., Phylogenetic relationships of Xenodontine snakes inferred from 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA sequences (2000) Molec. Phylog. Evol., 14, pp. 389-40
Overview Of Reproductive Strategies In Xenodontini (serpentes: Colubridae: Xenodontinae) With New Data For Xenodon Neuwiedii And Waglerophis Merremii
No full textReproductive patterns are highly variable among Neotropical colubrids. Snakes of the Tribe Xenodontini are widely distributed in South America and show continuous reproductive cycles in many areas. We report interspecific and intraspecific variation in reproductive traits among these snakes and also show that seasonal cycles occur mainly in cooler areas. Clutch size relative to body size is similar among species, but Erythrolamprus spp. seem to lay fewer eggs than other species, and Waglerophis merremii from southeastern and southern Brazil lay more eggs than other species. Newborn Erythrolamprus are larger than all other Xenodontini, which may be related to ophiophagy. As in many other snakes, adult females are larger than males, but both sexes attain maturity with a proportionally similar body size. The sexual size dimorphism index is generally lower in smaller bodied species, and combat may be absent in the tribe. Male reproductive cycles are less well studied but seem to be more conservative, being continuous in all species studied (W. merremii, Xenodon neuwiedii, and Liophis miliaris). Phylogeny has an important role in reproductive patterns but climate and life-history traits can also influence tropical and subptropical species. Copyright 2008 Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.421153162ALMEIDA-SANTOS, S.M., PIZZATTO, L., MARQUES, O.A.V., Intra-sex synchrony and inter-sex coordination in the reproductive timing of the Atlantic Coral Snake Micrurus corallinus (Elapidae) in Brazil (2006) Herpetological Journal, 16, pp. 371-376BIZZERRA, A.F., MARQUES, O.A.V., SAZIMA, I., Reproduction and feeding of the colubrid snake Tomodon dorsatus from south-eastern Brazil (2005) Amphibia-Reptilia, 26, pp. 33-38BROWN, G.P., SHINE, R., Why do most tropical animals reproduce seasonally? Testing hypotheses on an Australian snake (2006) Ecology, 87, pp. 133-143CADLE, J.E., Molecular systematics of Neotropical xenodontine snakes I. South American xenodontines (1984) Herpetologica, 40, pp. 8-20CENSKY, E.J., MCCOY, C.J., Female reproductive cycles of five species of snakes (Reptilia: Colubridae) from Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico (1988) Biotropica, 20, pp. 326-333COEN, E., Climate (1983) Costa Rican Natural History, pp. 35-46. , D. H. Janzen ed, University of Chicago Press, ChicagoDIXON, J., The Neotropical colubrid snake genus Liophis: The generic concept (1980) Milwaukee Public Museum, Contribution in Biology and Geology, 31, pp. 1-40FELSENSTEIN, J., Phylogenies and the comparative method (1985) American Naturalist, 125, pp. 1-15FERRAREZZI, H. 1994. Uma sinopse dos gêneros e classificação das serpentes (Squamata): II. Família Colubridae. In L. B. Nascimento, A. T. Bernardes, and G. A. Cotta (eds.), Herpetologia no Brasil, 1, pp. 81-91. PUC-MG, Fundação Biodiversitas, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, BrazilFITCH, H.S., Reproductive cycles of lizards and snakes (1970) Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas, 52, pp. 1-247FITCH, H.S., (1982) Reproductive cycles in tropical reptiles, pp. 1-53. , Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas 96FOWLER, I.R., SALOMÃO, M.G., JORDÃO, R.S., A description of the female reproductive cycle in four species from the Neotropical colubrid snake Philodryas (Colubridae, Xenodontinae) (1998) Snake, 28, pp. 71-78GOLDBERG, S.R., Notes on the reproduction in the false coral snakes, Erythrolamprus bizona and Erythrolamprus mimus (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Costa Rica (2004) Texas Journal of Science, 56, pp. 171-174GREENE, H. 1997. Snakes. The Evolution of Mystery in Nature. University of California Press, BerkleyGUSWA, A.J., RHODES, A.L., (2007) Monthly meteorological summaries, , http://www.mvinstitute.org/wsrds/indexz.php, Available on, Accessed on March 2007(2006) Normais climatológicas, , http://www.inmet.gov.br/html/clima.php?lnk=/html/clima/mapas, INMET, Available on:, Accessed on March 2007JI, X., WANG, Z.W., Geographic variation in reproductive traits and trade-offs between size and number of eggs of the Chinese Cobra (Naja atra) (2005) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 85, pp. 27-40LAWSON, R., SLOWINSKY, J.B., CROTHER, B.I., BURBINKY, F.T., Phylogeny of the Colubroidea (Serpentes): New evidence from mitocondrial and nuclar genes (2005) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 37, pp. 581-601MACIEL, A. P. 2003. Ecologia e história natural da cobra-do-capim Liophis poecilogyrus (Serpentes: Colubridae) no litoral norte do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Unpubl. master's thesis. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, BrazilMARQUES, O.A.V., Reproduction, seasonal activity and growth of the coral snake, Micrurus corallinus (Elapidae), in the southeastern Atlantic forest in Brazil (1996) Amphibia-Reptilia, 17, pp. 277-285MARQUES, O.A.V., cobra-coral Erythrolamprus aesculapii Linnaeus (Colubridae), no sudeste do Brazil. (1996) Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 13, pp. 747-753MARQUES, O.A.V., MURIEL, A.P., Reproductive biology and food habits of the Swamp Racer Snake Mastigodryas bifossatus (Amaral, 1934) (Colubridae), from eastern South America (2007) Herpetological Journal, 17, pp. 104-109MARQUES, O.A.V., PUORTO, G., Dieta e comportamento alimentar de Erytholamprus aesculapii, uma serpente ofiófaga. (1994) Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 54, pp. 253-259MARQUES, O.A.V., SAZIMA, I., História natural dos répteis da Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins (2004) Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins: Ambiente Físico, Flora e Fauna, pp. 254-274. , O. A. V. Marques and W. Duleba eds, Editora Holos, Ribeirão Preto, BrazilMARQUES, O.A.V., OLIVEIRA, F.S., SAWAYA, R.J., FRANÇA, F.G.R., Ecology of the colubrid snake Pseudablabes agassizii in south-eastern South America (2006) Herpetological Journal, 16, pp. 37-45MYERS, C.W., An enigmatic new snake from the Peruvian Andes, with notes on Xenodontini (Colubridae: Xenodontinae) (1986) American Museum Novitates, 2853, pp. 1-12OLIVEIRA, R. B., G. M. F. PONTES, A. P. MACIEL, L. R. GOMES, AND M. DI-BERNARDO. In Press. Reproduction of Lystrophis dorbignyi (Duméril, Bibron and Duméril, 1854) (Serpentes, Colubridae) on the north coast of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Herpetological JournalOLSSON, M.M., MADSEN, T., SHINE, R., Is sperm really so cheap? Costs of reproduction in male adders, Vipera berus (1997) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 264, pp. 455-459PINTO, R. R., AND R. FERNANDES. 2004. Reproductive biology and diet of Liophis poecilogyrus poecilogyrus (Serpentes, Colubridae) from southeastern Brazil. Phyllomedusa 3:9-14PIZZATTO, L. 2005. Body size, reproductive biology and abundance of the rare Pseudoboinae snakes, genus Clelia and Boiruna (Serpentes: Colubridae) in Brazil. Phyllomedusa 4:111-122PIZZATTO, L., MARQUES, O.A.V., Reproductive biology of the false coral snake Oxyrhopus guibei (Colubridae) from southeastern Brazil (2002) Amphibia-Reptilia, 23, pp. 495-504PIZZATTO, L., MARQUES, O.A.V., Interpopulational variation in reproductive cycles and activity of the water snake Liophis miliaris (Colubridae) in Brazil (2006) Herpetological Journal, 16, pp. 353-362PIZZATTO, L., MARQUES, O.A.V., Interpopulational variation in sexual dimorphism, reproductive output, and parasitism of the water snake Liophis miliaris (Colubridae), in the Atlantic forest of Brazil (2006) Amphibia-Reptilia, 27, pp. 37-46SALOMÃO, M.G., ALMEIDA- SANTOS, S.M., The reproductive cycle in male Neotropical rattle-snakes (Crotalus durissus terrificus) (2002) Biology of the Vipers, pp. 507-514. , G. W. Schuett, M. Höggren, M. E. Douglas, and H. W. Greene eds, Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain, UTSANTOS, X., LLORENTE, G.A., FERICHE, M., PLEGUEZUELOS, J.M., CASALS, F., DE SOSTOA, A., Food availability induces geographic variation in reproductive timing of an aquatic oviparous snake (Natrix maura) (2005) Amphibia-Reptilia, 26, pp. 183-191SEIGEL, R.A., FORD, N.B., Reproductive ecology (1987) Snakes, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, pp. 210-252. , R. A. Seigel, J. T. Collins, and S. S. Novak eds, McMillan Publishing Company, New YorkSHINE, R., Reproduction in Australian elapid snakes I. 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Composition And Natural History Of A Cerrado Snake Assemblage At Itirapina, São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil
No full textNeotropical snake assemblages present high species richness and complex structures. The Cerrado is the second largest biome in Brazil, and was included among the 25 World's biodiversity hotspots. In southeastern Brazil, the remnant Cerrado areas have suffered intense destruction, and presently less than 2% of Cerrado natural vegetation remain in São Paulo state. Virtually no detailed study on Cerrado snakes was carried out in this region. The Itirapina region has one of the last well preserved remnants of open cerrado in São Paulo state. Our purpose in this work was the study of natural history and composition of the Cerrado snakes of Itirapina region. We performed an extensive field sampling combining six sampling methods in Estação Ecológica de Itirapina and disturbed Cerrado areas in its surroundings (municipalities of Itirapina and Brotas), during 101 trips throughout 43 months, between September 1998 and March 2002, corresponding to 446 days of field sampling. We also collected additional data from museum specimens housed in scientific collections. We present data on size, general abundance, habitat and macrohabitat use, daily and seasonal activity, feeding, reproduction, and defense. We also compared the Itirapina snake assemblage with nine snake assemblages of Brazil, from Amazonia, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and other open habitats. We recorded a total of 36 snake species among 755 individuals found in the field and six records from scientific collections and literature, belonging to 25 genera and five families. The snake assemblage comparisons indicate that the Cerrado has its own identity regarding the snake composition. Although small (about 2,300 ha), the Estação Ecológica de Itirapina encompasses well preserved and representative Cerrado physiognomic forms, which harbors a rich and typical Cerrado snake fauna. The occurrence of some species only inside the reserve also indicates that the Estação Ecológica de Itirapina is of fundamental importance to the maintenance of Cerrado biodiversity.82127149ALBOLEA, A.B.P., (1998) Padrões de atividade em serpentes não peçonhentas de interesse médico: Helicops modestus (Colubridae: Xenodontinae) e Liophis miliaris (Colubridae: Xenodontinae) e sua relação com a epidemiologia, , Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade de Guarulhos, GuarulhosALMEIDA-SANTOS, S.M. & GERMANO, V.J. 1996. Crotalus durissus (Neotropical Ratlesnake). Prey. Herpetol. Rev. 27(3):255-255ALMEIDA-SANTOS, S.M., ORSI, A.M., Ciclo reprodutivo de Crotalus durissus e Bothrops jararaca (Serpentes Viperidae): Morfologia e função dos ovidutos. (2002) Rev. Bras. Reprod. Anim, 26, pp. 109-112ALMEIDA-SANTOS, S.M., SALOMAO, M.G., Long term sperm storage in the female neotropical rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus (Viperidae: Crotalidae) (1997) Japan. J. Herpetol, 17, pp. 46-52ANDRADE, R.O., SILVANO, R.A.M., Comportamento alimentar e dieta da "Falsa-Coral" Oxyrhopus guibei Hoge & Romano (Serpentes Colubridae) (1996) Rev. Bras. Zool, 13 (1), pp. 143-150ARGÔLO, A.J.S., (1992) Considerações sobre a ofiofauna dos cacauais do sudeste da Bahia, , Dissertação de mestrado, Universidade Estadual Santa Cruz, Santa CruzBERNARDE, P.S., KOKUBUM, M.N. & MARQUES, O.A.V. 2000. Utilização de hábitat e atividade em Thamnodynastes strigatus (Günther 1958) no sul do Brasil (Serpentes, Colubridae). Bol. Mus. Nac., Zool. 428:1-8BERNARDE, P.S., ABE, A.S., A snake community at Espigão do Oeste, Rondônia, southwestern Amazon, Brazil. South American (2006) Journal of Herpetology, 1 (2), pp. 102-113BIZERRA, A.F., JORDÃO, R.S. & SAZIMA, I. 1994. Simophis rhinostoma (NCN). Diet. Herpetol. Rev. 25(2): 72-73BORGES, R.C., ARAUJO, A.F.B., Seleção de hábitat em duas espécies de jararacas (Bothrops moojeni Hoge e B. neuwiedi Wagler). (1998) Rev. Bras. Biol, 58 (4), pp. 489-493BRASILEIRO, C.A., MARTINS, M. & KIEFER, M.C. 2003. Lystrophis nattereri (NCN). Predation. Herpetol. Rev. 34(1): 70-70BRASILEIRO, C.A., SAWAYA, R.J., KIEFER, M.C., MARTINS, M. 2005. Anfíbios de um fragmento de Cerrado aberto do sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotrop. 5(2): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v5n2/pt/abstract? article+BN00405022005 (último acesso em 26/06/2008)BRITES, V.L.C., BAUAB, F.A., Fauna ofidiana do município de Uberlândia Minas Gerais - Brasil. I. Ocorrência na área urbana. (1988) Rev. Cent. Ciênc. Bioméd. Univ. Fed. Uberlândia, 4, pp. 3-8BRODIE III, E.D., Differential avoidance of coral snake banded patterns by free-ranging avian predators in Costa Rica (1993) Evolution, 47 (1), pp. 227-235CADLE, J.E., GREENE, H.W., Phylogenetic patterns biogeography and the ecological structure of Neotropical snake assemblages (1993) Species diversity in ecological communities: Historical and geographical perspectives, pp. 281-293. , E. Ricklefs & D. 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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Winding To And Fro: Constriction In The Snake Anilius Scytale
No full text[No abstract available]1032931Beebe, W., Field notes on the snakes of Kartabo. British Guiana, and Caripito. Venezuela (1946) Zoologica, 31, pp. 11-52Cunha, O.R., Nascimento, F.P., Ofidios da Amazônia X. As cobras da região leste do Pará, Belém. (1978) Mus. Par. Emílio Goeldi Publ. Avulsas, 31, pp. 1-218Greene, H.W., Dietary correlates of the origin and radiation of snakes (1983) Am. Zool, 23, pp. 431-441Greene, H.W., (1997) Snakes. The Evolution of Mystery in Nature, , University of California Press, Berkeley and Los AngelesGreene, H.W., Burghardt, G.H., Behavior and phylogeny: Constriction in ancient and modern snakes (1978) Science, 200, pp. 74-77Lawson, R., Slowinsky, J.B., Burbrink, F.T., A molecular approach to discerning the phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic snake Xenophidion schaferi among the Aletinophidia (2004) J. Zool, 262, pp. 285-294Lopes, H., Rocha, C.F.D., Abe, A.S., Constriction behavior in snake: Is there a side dominance? (1991) Rev. Bras. Biol, 51, pp. 853-856Martins, M., Oliveira, M.E., Natural history of snakes in forests in the Manaus region, Central Amazonia, Brazil (1998) Herp. Nat. Hist, 6, pp. 78-150Savitzky, A.H., The role of venom delivery strategies in snake evolution (1980) Evolution, 34, pp. 1194-1204Scanlon, J.D., Lee, M.S.Y., The Pleistocene serpent Wonambi and the early evolution of snakes (2000) Nature, 403, pp. 416-420Shine, R., Schwaner, T., Prey constriction by venomous snakes: A review, and new data for Australian species (1985) Copeia, 1985, pp. 1067-1071Slowinsky, J.B., Lawson, R., Snake phylogeny: Evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial genes (2002) Mol. Phylog. Evol, 24, pp. 194-202Vidal, N., Delmas, A-S & Hedges, S.B. (2007). The higher-level relationships of Alestionophidian snakes inferred from seven nuclear and mitochondrial genes. In: Biology of the Boas and Pythons, pp. 27-33. R.W Henderson & Powell (Eds.). Eagle Mountain Publishing, LCWillard, D.E., Constricting methods of snakes (1977) Copeia, 1977, pp. 379-38
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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